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Immunology Quiz Questions > Module B Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Module B Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The major function of a T-cell receptor is to

present a specific peptide to the MHC complex.
recognize antigen, process the antigen, and present the peptide to other immune cells.
recognize a specific MHC-peptide complex in order to destroy the target cell.
recognize a virus before it integrates into a host cell.
recognize a specific MHC-peptide complex.

A

recognize a specific MHC-peptide complex.

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2
Q

MHC diversity is generated by

somatic recombination of the MHC locus.
somatic hypermutation during an immune response.
gene families and genetic polymorphisms.
affinity maturation during an immune response.
clonal selection and expansion during an immune response.

A

gene families and genetic polymorphisms.

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3
Q

Which of the following is paired correctly?

CD8 T cell and MHC class II
CD4 T cell and MHC class I
MHC class I and extracellular pathogens
CD4 T cell and MHC class II
MHC class II and intracellular pathogens

A

CD4 T cell and MHC class II

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4
Q

All nucleated cells in the body express MHC class I because they

have the propensity to become infected with a virus.
must have a way to interact with helper T cells in the body.
have the ability to capture an extracellular pathogen and present it to helper T cells.
have the propensity to become infected with an extracellular pathogen.
express both MHC class I and MHC class II in the body.

A

have the propensity to become infected with a virus.

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5
Q

All the alleles of every MHC class I and class II gene in an individual make up that person’s _, which provides the overall MHC diversity.

isotype
haplotype
gene family
phenotype
allotype

A

haplotype

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6
Q

T cells that recognize antigen presented on MHC class I typically are

also able to recognize antigen presented on MHC class II.
part of the innate immune response to a pathogen.
activated to fight off extracellular pathogens.
not activated during a viral infection.
activated to fight off intracellular pathogens.

A

activated to fight off intracellular pathogens.

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7
Q

Which cells play an important role in pathogen clearance by activating other cells during an adaptive immune response?

B cells
Plasma cells
Neutrophils
T cells
NK cells

A

T cells

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8
Q

Phagocytic cells that have taken up intracellular pathogens through phagocytosis present phagocytosed material via MHC class I molecules because cross-presentation activates

the CD4 T cells responsible for combating the intracellular infection.
both B cells and helper T cells.
the CD4 T cells responsible for combating the extracellular infection.
both innate and adaptive responses.
the CD8 T cells responsible for combating the intracellular infection.

A

the CD8 T cells responsible for combating the intracellular infection.

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9
Q

Which protein provides a necessary costimulatory activation signal to naïve T cells?

CD28
CD3
CD45
CD4 and/or CD8
CTLA-4

A

CD28

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10
Q

A T cell that has CD4 as a coreceptor is a(n) _ cell.

plasma
cytotoxic T
helper T
dendritic T
NK-T

A

helper T

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11
Q

During T cell rolling adhesion, the T-cell surface molecule _ binds to adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface, including CD34 and _.

L-selectin; GlyCAM-1
ICAM-1; GlyCAM-1
ICAM-1; LFA-1
GlyCAM-1; LFA-1
GlyCAM-1; L-selectin

A

L-selectin; GlyCAM-1

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12
Q

_ are effector B cells that secrete soluble immunoglobulins.

Helper B cells
Dendrocytes
Plasma cells
Thymocytes
Centrocytes

A

Plasma cells

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13
Q

The most important type of cells in T-cell activation are

NK cells.
B cells.
macrophages.
dendritic cells.
neutrophils.

A

dendritic cells.

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14
Q

Interaction between the T-cell receptor and an MHC-peptide complex, coupled with the proper costimulatory signaling, promotes the formation of a(n)

immunological synapse between the T cell and an NK cell.
secondary focus in the lymph node.
immunological synapse between the T cell and an APC.
germinal center in the lymph node.
primary focus between a T cell and a corresponding NK cell.

A

immunological synapse between the T cell and an APC.

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15
Q

The three cell types that present antigen to T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues are dendritic cells, macrophages, and

neutrophils.
thymocytes.
B cells.
eosinophils.
NK cells.

A

B cells.

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16
Q

Macrophages mainly specialize in phagocytosis and

are not involved in T-cell activation.
do not interact with T cells.
present antigen to dendritic cells in the peripheral tissues.
remain in the peripheral tissues and do not perform T-cell activation.
travel to secondary lymphoid tissue to activate naïve T cells.

A

are not involved in T-cell activation.

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17
Q

Phagocytes of the innate immune system engulf pathogens at the site of infection and transport them to _, where antigen presentation occurs.

the liver
Langerhans cells
primary lymphoid tissue
the bloodstream
secondary lymphoid tissue

A

secondary lymphoid tissue

18
Q

B cells can act like antigen-presenting cells (APCs), but this activity is limited to

the one type of antigen recognized by the immunoglobulin.
antigens phagocytosed by macrophages.
antigens previously tagged by the Toll-like receptors.
antibody-antigen complexes formed by a variety of immunoglobulins.
B cell-dependent antigens.

A

the one type of antigen recognized by the immunoglobulin.

19
Q

Which statement about B cells is true?

They are activated by CD8 cytotoxic T cells.
They are localized in the T-cell zone of a secondary lymphoid tissue and can activate naïve T cells if they recognize the same antigen.
They present multiple antigens simultaneously, leading to widespread T-cell activation.
They degrade antigen in a lysosome before displaying antigen peptides on the surface via the MHC class I pathway.
They play a major role in T-cell activation.

A

They are localized in the T-cell zone of a secondary lymphoid tissue and can activate naive T cells if they recognize the same antigen.

20
Q

T-cell activation requires an interaction between the T-cell receptor and MHC-peptide complex on an APC and a costimulatory signal from

a different APC.
another T cell.
the same APC.
LFA-1.
IL-16.

A

the same APC.

21
Q

_ migrate from the bone marrow to the spleen.

Pre-B cells
Early pro-B cells
Transitional B cells
Mature B cells
Late pro-B cells

A

Transitional B cells

22
Q

The first step in the development of B lymphocytes from a lymphoid progenitor cell is

V segment recombining with DJ segment of the heavy chain loci.
VJ recombination of the light chain loci.
DJ recombination of the heavy chain loci.
positive selection.
receptor editing.

A

DJ recombination of the heavy chain loci.

23
Q

Rearrangement of the heavy chain loci is tested through the use of a surrogate light chain during the

immature B cell stage
early pre-B cell stage
pro-B cell stage
lymphoid progenitor stage
late pre-B cell stage

A

pro-B cell stage

24
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first appear in the human fetus in the

placenta
fetal bone marrow.
fetal yolk sac
aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region.
fetal liver.

A

fetal yolk sac

25
Q

Which subtype of B cells are responsible for surveying and combating infections and are activated through secondary lymphoid tissue?

Pre-B cells
B-2 B cells
Marginal-zone B cells
B-1 B cells
Pro-B cells

A

B-2 B cells

26
Q

During the development of B cells, successful recombination leads to creation of a B-cell receptor. The first checkpoint in this process is

positive selection for reaction to foreign antigen.
the successful recombination of a heavy chain locus.
successful Notch1 signaling.
the successful recombination of a light chain locus.
negative selection for reaction to self-antigens.

A

the successful recombination of a heavy chain locus.

27
Q

What is the sequence of events in the development of an immature B cell in the spleen?

T2 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells are removed -> T1 transitional B cells -> mature B cells

T1 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells are removed -> T2 transitional B cells -> mature B cells

T1 transitional B cells -> T2 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells are removed -> mature B cells

T1 transitional B cells -> positive selection -> T2 transitional B cells -> mature B cells

T1 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells undergo receptor editing -> T2 transitional B cells -> mature B cells

A

T1 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells are removed -> T2 transitional B cells -> mature B cells

28
Q

_ occupy and protect body cavities, including the peritoneal and pleural cavities.

B-2 B cells
Pre-B cells
B-1 B cells
Marginal-zone B cells
Pro-B cells

A

B-1 B cells

29
Q

Immature B cells that have completed a productive rearrangement of their heavy and light chains undergo

proliferation in the thymus.
negative selection in the bone marrow only.
positive selection in the spleen and the thymus.
negative selection in the bone marrow and the spleen.
positive selection in the bone marrow and the thymus.

A

negative selection in the bone marrow and the spleen.

30
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must be able to interact with and receive signals from specialized cells in the bone marrow known as

pre-B cells.
macrophages.
thymocytes.
stromal cells.
dendritic cells.

A

stromal cells.

31
Q

B-cell activation requires interaction of specific cell-surface proteins associated with immunoglobulins known as

CD8 co-receptor.
alpha and beta chains.
CD4 co-receptor.
gamma and delta chains.
Ig-alpha and Ig-beta chains.

A

Ig-alpha and Ig-beta chains.

32
Q

Which of the following events in somatic recombination occurs in B-cell development but not in T-cell development?

The employment of V(D)J recombinase in the process
RAG1 and RAG2 activity during somatic recombination
Terminal dexoyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) promoting junctional diversity in recombination
Activity of exonucleases promoting recombination at signal sequences
Class switch recombination in secondary lymphoid tissues

A

Class switch recombination in secondary lymphoid tissues

33
Q

Immunoglobulin molecules

are secreted by T-helper cells.
contain four antigen-binding sites per monomer.
are produced in the bone marrow during an infection.
are expressed as membrane-bound or secreted soluble molecules.
have complementarity-determining regions on their constant chains.

A

are expressed as membrane-bound or secreted soluble molecules.

34
Q

A key enzyme involved in affinity maturation of immunoglobulins that works by altering cytosine to form uracil is

RAG1 and RAG2 enzymes, which are expressed in B and T cells.
activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is expressed in B cells.
V(D)J recombinase, which is expressed in B and T cells.
activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is expressed in T cells.
DNA ligase, which is expressed in B and T cells.

A

activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is expressed in B cells.

35
Q

_ antigens are those that can bind to multiple copies of the same immunoglobulin because of a repeating epitope or that have multiple epitopes for multiple immunoglobulins.

Polysaccharide
Polypeptide
Multivalent
Monosaccharide
Monovalent

A

Multivalent

36
Q

Which of the following about both immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors is false?

Both have multiple effector functions.
Both have multiple loci that are recombined to form unique molecules.
Both are essential components of receptor complexes at the surface of adaptive immune cells.
Their diversity is created through somatic recombination.
Each receptor recognizes specific antigen.

A

Both have multiple effector functions.

37
Q

Which statement about effector functions of immunoglobulins is false?
They can neutralize the effect of foreign particles.

They tag foreign particles.
They can trigger T-cell activation through binding to the T-cell receptor.
They promote B cell activation.
They help in removal of foreign particles.

A

They can trigger T-cell activation through binding to the T-cell receptor.

38
Q

The _ region of an antibody plays an important role in binding to receptors of certain immune system cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes such as mast cells.

antigen-binding
immunoglobulin-like
CD4
Fab
Fc

A

Fc

39
Q

Immunoglobulin structure consists of

two heavy chains covalently linked via a disulfide bond between leucines.
light chains containing two variable regions.
heavy chains containing one variable region and one constant region.
two hinge regions between the variable regions of the light and heavy chains.
two heavy and two light polypeptide chains.

A

two heavy and two light polypeptide chains

40
Q

What is required to induce a naïve B cell to express soluble antibody?

Opsonization by macrophages
Class switching
Interaction with stromal cells
Interaction with T-cytotoxic cells
Antigen binding and B-cell activation

A

Antigen binding and B-cell activation

Immunology Quiz Questions (15 decks)

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