Module B Quiz Questions

Question 1

The major function of a T-cell receptor is to

present a specific peptide to the MHC complex.
recognize antigen, process the antigen, and present the peptide to other immune cells.
recognize a specific MHC-peptide complex in order to destroy the target cell.
recognize a virus before it integrates into a host cell.
recognize a specific MHC-peptide complex.

Answer 1

recognize a specific MHC-peptide complex.

Question 2

MHC diversity is generated by

somatic recombination of the MHC locus.
somatic hypermutation during an immune response.
gene families and genetic polymorphisms.
affinity maturation during an immune response.
clonal selection and expansion during an immune response.

Answer 2

gene families and genetic polymorphisms.

Question 3

Which of the following is paired correctly?

CD8 T cell and MHC class II
CD4 T cell and MHC class I
MHC class I and extracellular pathogens
CD4 T cell and MHC class II
MHC class II and intracellular pathogens

Answer 3

CD4 T cell and MHC class II

Question 4

All nucleated cells in the body express MHC class I because they

have the propensity to become infected with a virus.
must have a way to interact with helper T cells in the body.
have the ability to capture an extracellular pathogen and present it to helper T cells.
have the propensity to become infected with an extracellular pathogen.
express both MHC class I and MHC class II in the body.

Answer 4

have the propensity to become infected with a virus.

Question 5

All the alleles of every MHC class I and class II gene in an individual make up that person’s _, which provides the overall MHC diversity.

isotype
haplotype
gene family
phenotype
allotype

Answer 5

haplotype

Question 6

T cells that recognize antigen presented on MHC class I typically are

also able to recognize antigen presented on MHC class II.
part of the innate immune response to a pathogen.
activated to fight off extracellular pathogens.
not activated during a viral infection.
activated to fight off intracellular pathogens.

Answer 6

activated to fight off intracellular pathogens.

Question 7

Which cells play an important role in pathogen clearance by activating other cells during an adaptive immune response?

B cells
Plasma cells
Neutrophils
T cells
NK cells

Answer 7

T cells

Question 8

Phagocytic cells that have taken up intracellular pathogens through phagocytosis present phagocytosed material via MHC class I molecules because cross-presentation activates

the CD4 T cells responsible for combating the intracellular infection.
both B cells and helper T cells.
the CD4 T cells responsible for combating the extracellular infection.
both innate and adaptive responses.
the CD8 T cells responsible for combating the intracellular infection.

Answer 8

the CD8 T cells responsible for combating the intracellular infection.

Question 9

Which protein provides a necessary costimulatory activation signal to naïve T cells?

CD28
CD3
CD45
CD4 and/or CD8
CTLA-4

Answer 9

CD28

Question 10

A T cell that has CD4 as a coreceptor is a(n) _ cell.

plasma
cytotoxic T
helper T
dendritic T
NK-T

Answer 10

helper T

Question 11

During T cell rolling adhesion, the T-cell surface molecule _ binds to adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface, including CD34 and _.

L-selectin; GlyCAM-1
ICAM-1; GlyCAM-1
ICAM-1; LFA-1
GlyCAM-1; LFA-1
GlyCAM-1; L-selectin

Answer 11

L-selectin; GlyCAM-1

Question 12

_ are effector B cells that secrete soluble immunoglobulins.

Helper B cells
Dendrocytes
Plasma cells
Thymocytes
Centrocytes

Answer 12

Plasma cells

Question 13

The most important type of cells in T-cell activation are

NK cells.
B cells.
macrophages.
dendritic cells.
neutrophils.

Answer 13

dendritic cells.

Question 14

Interaction between the T-cell receptor and an MHC-peptide complex, coupled with the proper costimulatory signaling, promotes the formation of a(n)

immunological synapse between the T cell and an NK cell.
secondary focus in the lymph node.
immunological synapse between the T cell and an APC.
germinal center in the lymph node.
primary focus between a T cell and a corresponding NK cell.

Answer 14

immunological synapse between the T cell and an APC.

Question 15

The three cell types that present antigen to T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues are dendritic cells, macrophages, and

neutrophils.
thymocytes.
B cells.
eosinophils.
NK cells.

Answer 15

B cells.

Question 16

Macrophages mainly specialize in phagocytosis and

are not involved in T-cell activation.
do not interact with T cells.
present antigen to dendritic cells in the peripheral tissues.
remain in the peripheral tissues and do not perform T-cell activation.
travel to secondary lymphoid tissue to activate naïve T cells.

Answer 16

are not involved in T-cell activation.

Question 17

Phagocytes of the innate immune system engulf pathogens at the site of infection and transport them to _, where antigen presentation occurs.

the liver
Langerhans cells
primary lymphoid tissue
the bloodstream
secondary lymphoid tissue

Answer 17

secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 18

B cells can act like antigen-presenting cells (APCs), but this activity is limited to

the one type of antigen recognized by the immunoglobulin.
antigens phagocytosed by macrophages.
antigens previously tagged by the Toll-like receptors.
antibody-antigen complexes formed by a variety of immunoglobulins.
B cell-dependent antigens.

Answer 18

the one type of antigen recognized by the immunoglobulin.

Question 19

Which statement about B cells is true?

They are activated by CD8 cytotoxic T cells.
They are localized in the T-cell zone of a secondary lymphoid tissue and can activate naïve T cells if they recognize the same antigen.
They present multiple antigens simultaneously, leading to widespread T-cell activation.
They degrade antigen in a lysosome before displaying antigen peptides on the surface via the MHC class I pathway.
They play a major role in T-cell activation.

Answer 19

They are localized in the T-cell zone of a secondary lymphoid tissue and can activate naive T cells if they recognize the same antigen.

Question 20

T-cell activation requires an interaction between the T-cell receptor and MHC-peptide complex on an APC and a costimulatory signal from

a different APC.
another T cell.
the same APC.
LFA-1.
IL-16.

Answer 20

the same APC.

Question 21

_ migrate from the bone marrow to the spleen.

Pre-B cells
Early pro-B cells
Transitional B cells
Mature B cells
Late pro-B cells

Answer 21

Transitional B cells

Question 22

The first step in the development of B lymphocytes from a lymphoid progenitor cell is

V segment recombining with DJ segment of the heavy chain loci.
VJ recombination of the light chain loci.
DJ recombination of the heavy chain loci.
positive selection.
receptor editing.

Answer 22

DJ recombination of the heavy chain loci.

Question 23

Rearrangement of the heavy chain loci is tested through the use of a surrogate light chain during the

immature B cell stage
early pre-B cell stage
pro-B cell stage
lymphoid progenitor stage
late pre-B cell stage

Answer 23

pro-B cell stage

Question 24

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first appear in the human fetus in the

placenta
fetal bone marrow.
fetal yolk sac
aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region.
fetal liver.

Answer 24

fetal yolk sac

Question 25

Which subtype of B cells are responsible for surveying and combating infections and are activated through secondary lymphoid tissue? Pre-B cells B-2 B cells Marginal-zone B cells B-1 B cells Pro-B cells

Answer 25

B-2 B cells

Question 26

During the development of B cells, successful recombination leads to creation of a B-cell receptor. The first checkpoint in this process is positive selection for reaction to foreign antigen. the successful recombination of a heavy chain locus. successful Notch1 signaling. the successful recombination of a light chain locus. negative selection for reaction to self-antigens.

Answer 26

the successful recombination of a heavy chain locus.

Question 27

What is the sequence of events in the development of an immature B cell in the spleen? T2 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells are removed -> T1 transitional B cells -> mature B cells T1 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells are removed -> T2 transitional B cells -> mature B cells T1 transitional B cells -> T2 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells are removed -> mature B cells T1 transitional B cells -> positive selection -> T2 transitional B cells -> mature B cells T1 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells undergo receptor editing -> T2 transitional B cells -> mature B cells

Answer 27

T1 transitional B cells -> negative selection -> self-reactive B cells are removed -> T2 transitional B cells -> mature B cells

Question 28

_ occupy and protect body cavities, including the peritoneal and pleural cavities. B-2 B cells Pre-B cells B-1 B cells Marginal-zone B cells Pro-B cells

Answer 28

B-1 B cells

Question 29

Immature B cells that have completed a productive rearrangement of their heavy and light chains undergo proliferation in the thymus. negative selection in the bone marrow only. positive selection in the spleen and the thymus. negative selection in the bone marrow and the spleen. positive selection in the bone marrow and the thymus.

Answer 29

negative selection in the bone marrow and the spleen.

Question 30

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must be able to interact with and receive signals from specialized cells in the bone marrow known as pre-B cells. macrophages. thymocytes. stromal cells. dendritic cells.

Answer 30

stromal cells.

Question 31

B-cell activation requires interaction of specific cell-surface proteins associated with immunoglobulins known as CD8 co-receptor. alpha and beta chains. CD4 co-receptor. gamma and delta chains. Ig-alpha and Ig-beta chains.

Answer 31

Ig-alpha and Ig-beta chains.

Question 32

Which of the following events in somatic recombination occurs in B-cell development but not in T-cell development? The employment of V(D)J recombinase in the process RAG1 and RAG2 activity during somatic recombination Terminal dexoyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) promoting junctional diversity in recombination Activity of exonucleases promoting recombination at signal sequences Class switch recombination in secondary lymphoid tissues

Answer 32

Class switch recombination in secondary lymphoid tissues

Question 33

Immunoglobulin molecules are secreted by T-helper cells. contain four antigen-binding sites per monomer. are produced in the bone marrow during an infection. are expressed as membrane-bound or secreted soluble molecules. have complementarity-determining regions on their constant chains.

Answer 33

are expressed as membrane-bound or secreted soluble molecules.

Question 34

A key enzyme involved in affinity maturation of immunoglobulins that works by altering cytosine to form uracil is RAG1 and RAG2 enzymes, which are expressed in B and T cells. activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is expressed in B cells. V(D)J recombinase, which is expressed in B and T cells. activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is expressed in T cells. DNA ligase, which is expressed in B and T cells.

Answer 34

activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is expressed in B cells.

Question 35

_ antigens are those that can bind to multiple copies of the same immunoglobulin because of a repeating epitope or that have multiple epitopes for multiple immunoglobulins. Polysaccharide Polypeptide Multivalent Monosaccharide Monovalent

Answer 35

Multivalent

Question 36

Which of the following about both immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors is false? Both have multiple effector functions. Both have multiple loci that are recombined to form unique molecules. Both are essential components of receptor complexes at the surface of adaptive immune cells. Their diversity is created through somatic recombination. Each receptor recognizes specific antigen.

Answer 36

Both have multiple effector functions.

Question 37

Which statement about effector functions of immunoglobulins is false? They can neutralize the effect of foreign particles. They tag foreign particles. They can trigger T-cell activation through binding to the T-cell receptor. They promote B cell activation. They help in removal of foreign particles.

Answer 37

They can trigger T-cell activation through binding to the T-cell receptor.

Question 38

The _ region of an antibody plays an important role in binding to receptors of certain immune system cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes such as mast cells. antigen-binding immunoglobulin-like CD4 Fab Fc

Answer 38

Fc

Question 39

Immunoglobulin structure consists of two heavy chains covalently linked via a disulfide bond between leucines. light chains containing two variable regions. heavy chains containing one variable region and one constant region. two hinge regions between the variable regions of the light and heavy chains. two heavy and two light polypeptide chains.

Answer 39

two heavy and two light polypeptide chains

Question 40

What is required to induce a naïve B cell to express soluble antibody? Opsonization by macrophages Class switching Interaction with stromal cells Interaction with T-cytotoxic cells Antigen binding and B-cell activation

Answer 40

Antigen binding and B-cell activation