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Immunology Quiz Questions > 23 exam 1 > Flashcards

23 exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the term ‘vaccine’ is derived from the name of a virus that causes what disease?

A

cowpox

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2
Q

a molecule that can be used by the immune system to recognize an invader is called what?

A

antigen

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3
Q

what results in killing most pathogens during phagocytosis?

A

oxidative burst in the phagolysosome

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4
Q

which complement cascades involve the action of C2?

A

classical and lectin

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5
Q

what molecule is the main opsin of the complement cascade?

A

C3b

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6
Q

what molecular signal do Nod-like receptors recognize?

A

cell wall components

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7
Q

which antibody is produced in the primary immune response?

A

IgM

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8
Q

which of the following is NOT a direct function of antibodies in our immune system?

A

cytotoxicity

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9
Q

which of the following immune tissues does not have follicles?

A

thymus

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10
Q

which transcription factor is most important for commitment to T-cell development?

A

notch

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11
Q

which of these would represent an intracellular pathogen?

A

virus

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12
Q

which of the following is an agranulocyte?

A

lymphocyte

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13
Q

which of these is not a secondary lymphoid tissue?

A

thymus

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14
Q

which of these is famous for creating the first vaccine for rabies?

A

Pasteur

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15
Q

during an immune response, B-cells differentiate into what?

A

plasma cells

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16
Q

which of these cell types can arise from both myeloid and lymphoid precursors?

A

dendritic cell

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17
Q

what term refers to a state of being resistant to infection by a pathogen

A

immunity

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18
Q

which of the following is not a chemical barrier in our immune defenses

A

antibodies

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19
Q

the inactivation of the immune response to self antigens is called what

A

tolerance

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20
Q

RIG-1 is a cytosolic receptor that binds to what?

A

viral RNA

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21
Q

what is our immune system’s first line of defense?

A

skin

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22
Q

what term refers to the process where neutrophils leave circulation and enter tissues?

A

diapedesis

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23
Q

which of these is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)?

A

lipopolysaccharide

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24
Q

which of the following is not a proinflammatory cytokine?

A

interferon

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25
Q

which of these is true of toll-like receptors?

A

recognize pathogen-associated patterns

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26
Q

which protein must be degraded to allow signaling by Toll-like receptors to the nucleus?

A

IkB

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27
Q

which of these is not typical for an inflammatory response?

A

coolness

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28
Q

defective neutrophil clearance can result in chronic inflammation and the formation of what?

A

granuloma

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29
Q

what is the function of DAF in the complement cascade?

A

degrade C3 convertase

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30
Q

which of the complement cascades acts the fastest?

A

alternative

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31
Q

which complement protein forms the pore in the membrane attack complex?

A

C9

32
Q

Which of these is not an important function of the complement cascade?

A

activate apoptosis of infected cells

33
Q

which is the function of properdin in the complement cascade?

A

stabilize C3 convertase

34
Q

which of these is the C3 convertase in the MBL complement cascade?

A

C2b4b

35
Q

what is the function a2-macroglobulin in our serum?

A

sequester proteases

36
Q

which of these proteins is only active in the alternative complement cascade?

A

Factor B

37
Q

which proteins in the lectin cascade perform the same function as C1q2r2 in classical?

A

MASP

38
Q

what part of our immune defenses are B-cell associated with?

A

humoral

39
Q

what process is responsible for most of the diversity in antibody structure?

A

somatic recombination

40
Q

what chains make up most of our T-cell receptors?

A

alpha and beta

41
Q

what protein sends a signal via phosphorylation when T-cells are activated?

A

CD-3

42
Q

what proteins would be found on the surface of a helper T-cell?

A

T-cell receptor and CD4

43
Q

what sort of cytokine action is illustrated to the right? (molecules are leaving a cell and going to another nearby cell)

A

paracine

44
Q

antibodies with differing in their antigen binding specificity would be

A

idiotypes

45
Q

which of these regions is found in the beta chain of the T-cell receptor, but not the alpha chain?

A

D

46
Q

what is the most important antibody in our mucosal defenses?

A

IgA

47
Q

what is the progression of steps in T-cell development?

A

DN -> DP -> SP

48
Q

what is the most important transcription factor for T-cell development?

A

notch

49
Q

what happens to T-cells during development if they do not bind at all the MHC antigens?

A

death by neglect

50
Q

which of these is not found in the thymus?

A

follicle

51
Q

as T-cells enter the thymus from the bone marrow, they are ____

A

double negative

52
Q

what happens to T-cells during development if they bind very tightly to MHC antigens?

A

negative selection

53
Q

in our most common type of T-cells, which chain of their T-cell receptor is made first?

A

beta

54
Q

what enzyme is critical for the process of somatic recombination?

A

RAG 1/2

55
Q

what cell type does the final screening of newly formed T-cells in the medulla before they are released to circulation?

A

AIRE

56
Q

bacteria that normally live in and on us are referred to as our ____

A

microbiota

57
Q

____ is a kind of antibody often associated with hayfever allergies

A

IgE

58
Q

our immune cells all arise from stem cells found in the ______

A

bone marrow

59
Q

cells called _____ are tissue-specific phagocytes

A

macrophage

60
Q

B-cells further differentiate into ____, which produce antibodies

A

plasma cells

61
Q

lysozyme is an enzyme in our defenses that targets _____

A

peptidoglycan

62
Q

signal molecules called _____ function as chemattractants for immune cells

A

chemokines

63
Q

_____ are proteins produced by virally infected cells to warn other cells

A

interferons

64
Q

caspase 1 in the inflammasome is important for processing _______

A

pro-IL1

65
Q

The main anaphylotoxin in the complement system is _____

A

C5a

66
Q

the function of properdin in the complement cascade is to _____ the C3 convertase

A

stabilize

67
Q

C reactive protein acts as a(n) _____ in our serum

A

opsin

68
Q

small peptides, called ______, are pore-forming molecules found in our secretions and blood

A

defensins

69
Q

antigens are presented on MHC class 1 in the ____ pathway

A

endogenous

70
Q

our immune memory cells are responsible for the rapid activation of the _____ response

A

secondary

71
Q

T-cells complete their development in the _____

A

thymus

72
Q

like antibody heavy chains, the T-cell receptor ____ chain contains D exons

A

beta

73
Q

Gamma Delta T-cells are mostly found in our _____ as adults

A

mucosa

74
Q

the signaling domain associated with the T-cell receptor is called ____

A

CD3

75
Q

whereas, ____ is the signaling domain associated with the B-cell receptor

A

Ig alpha/beta

Immunology Quiz Questions (15 decks)

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