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Immunology Quiz Questions > Lab practical > Flashcards

Lab practical Flashcards

1
Q

IgA

A

dimeric antibody
1 disulfide bonds
Fc 2 segments

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2
Q

IgG

A

monomeric antibody
2 disulfide bond
Fc 2 segments

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3
Q

IgE

A

monomeric antibody
1 disulfide bond
Fc 3 segments

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4
Q

IgD

A

monomeric antibody
1 disulfide bonds
Fc 2 segments

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5
Q

IgM

A

pentameric antibody
5 disulfide bonds along the base where they all connect
Fc 3 segments

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6
Q

Fab

A

top half of the antibody (fragment antigen binding)

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7
Q

Fc

A

bottom half of the antibody (Fragment crystallizable)

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8
Q

hinge

A

the bend between the top and bottom half

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9
Q

heavy chain

A

part of the fab that is connected to the Fc region

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10
Q

light chain

A

bonded to the heavy chain through disulfide bonds

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11
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocyte
phagocytosis bacteria
releases toxins to kill and inhibit bacteria

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12
Q

basophil

A

granulocyte
mature into mast cells
hypersensitivity reactions
defense against parasites, release histamine

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13
Q

eosinophil

A

granulocyte
release toxins to kill bacterial and parasites

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14
Q

monocytes

A

agranulocyte
become macrophages and dendritic cells

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15
Q

lymphocyte

A

agranulocyte
becomes B and T cells

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16
Q

follicle of lymph node

A

lymphocyte proliferation

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17
Q

efferent lymphatic vesicle

A

allow lymph to flow out

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18
Q

afferent lymphatic vesicle

A

allow lymph to enter lymph node

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19
Q

lymphatic artery

A

delivers blood to the lymph node

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20
Q

lymphatic vein

A

delivers blood away from the lymph node

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21
Q

germinal center of lymph node

A

activate, proliferate, differentiate B cells

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22
Q

medullary cord of lymph node

A

filled with T lymphocytes and plasma cells

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23
Q

trabeculae of lymph node

A

bundles of connective tissue

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24
Q

capsule of lymph node

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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25
Q

subcapsular sinus of lymph node

A

macrophages that first capture and retain pathogens in lymphatics

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26
Q

trabecular sinus of lymph node

A

connect subcapsular sinus to medullary sinus

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27
Q

red pulp of spleen

A

phagocytosis of all erythrocytes and pathogens

28
Q

white pulp of spleen

A

contain germinal centers, B and T cells

29
Q

germinal centers of spleen

A

B and T cell activation

30
Q

marginal zone of spleen

A

white pulp transitions to red and their functions mix

31
Q

splenic artery

A

delivers blood to spleen

32
Q

splenic vein

A

delivers blood away from spleen

33
Q

capsule of spleen

A

dense connective tissue

34
Q

hilum of spleen

A

where artery enters the spleen

35
Q

central arterial of spleen

A

filled with T dependent cells

36
Q

A vs A Ochterlony test

A

identical
perfect V
AA antibody

37
Q

A vs B

A

nonidentical
the V goes past on both sides
AB antibody

38
Q

A vs Ab

A

partially identical
V goes past towards the A side only
AAb antibody

39
Q

O blood type

A

H
universal donor
anti-a
anti-b
receives O

40
Q

A blood type

A

H, A
anti-b
receive A, O
donate A, AB

41
Q

B blood type

A

H, B
anti-A
receive B, O
donate B, AB

42
Q

AB blood type

A

H, A, B
universal receiver
donate AB

43
Q

how does a COVID test work?

A

sample pad
conjugate pad (Latex tag)
nitrocellulose membrane
test strip
control strip
wicking pad

44
Q

test strip

A

tests antigen
if it is present it will bind to the antibodies

45
Q

control strip

A

checks validity
common antigen binds that is found in everyone

46
Q

how does a protein gel work

A

electrical current moves the negatively charged protein towards the positive electrode and gel beads filter the protein based on size

47
Q

how do antibodies look on denaturing SDS-PAGE

A

like numerous bands in a gel that are finely separated
the sds denatures and gives them all a negative charge to separate based on size

48
Q

how would they look on denaturing gel?

A

less bands due to less separation because the molecular weight is higher and have different isoelectric points

49
Q

diagram how a western blot works

A

separation
transfer
binding antibodies
visualize

50
Q

separation

A

typical gel with bands

51
Q

transfer

A

(positive)
cassette
sponge
filter
membrane
gel
cassette
(negative)

negatively charged protein is attracted to positive and moves from the gel toward the membrane

52
Q

binding of antibodies

A

membrane has antigen bound
primary antibody binds antigen by the fab region
secondary antibody binds primary antibody
enzyme is bound to secondary antibody for visibility

53
Q

visualize

A

less bands are shown due to the binding of antibodies

54
Q

diagram an ELISA

A

assay plate has capture antibody bound
primary antibody binds capture antibody
secondary antibody binds primary antibody
enzyme bound to secondary antibody as detection signal

55
Q

explain how ELISA works

A

detects antigens by binding to them and transmitting a detectable signal through antigens

56
Q

how can ELISA be used to detect antibodies

A

if the antibodies are present then the antigen is

57
Q

how does ELISA work clinically

A

can be used to detect diseases such as HPV and viruses like COVID

58
Q

start of classical cascade

A

antigen-antibody on C1qrs
C1
C4
C2

59
Q

start of alternative cascade

A

activating surfaces
C3b
factor B

60
Q

start of lectin cascade

A

pathogen surfaces on MASPS
C4
C2

61
Q

Start of all cascades combining

A

C5
C5b (and C5a)
C9, C8, C7, C6, C5b forming MAC

62
Q

what does the lectin pathway present for MAC

A

C9, C8, C7, C6

63
Q

Protein A column

A

Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulin IgG

64
Q

Type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE

65
Q

Type III hypersensitivity

A

IgG

66
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

IgM or IgG

Immunology Quiz Questions (15 decks)

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