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Immunology Quiz Questions > Lab practical > Flashcards

Lab practical Flashcards

1
Q

IgA

A

dimeric antibody
1 disulfide bonds
Fc 2 segments

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2
Q

IgG

A

monomeric antibody
2 disulfide bond
Fc 2 segments

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3
Q

IgE

A

monomeric antibody
1 disulfide bond
Fc 3 segments

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4
Q

IgD

A

monomeric antibody
1 disulfide bonds
Fc 2 segments

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5
Q

IgM

A

pentameric antibody
5 disulfide bonds along the base where they all connect
Fc 3 segments

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6
Q

Fab

A

top half of the antibody (fragment antigen binding)

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7
Q

Fc

A

bottom half of the antibody (Fragment crystallizable)

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8
Q

hinge

A

the bend between the top and bottom half

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9
Q

heavy chain

A

part of the fab that is connected to the Fc region

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10
Q

light chain

A

bonded to the heavy chain through disulfide bonds

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11
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocyte
phagocytosis bacteria
releases toxins to kill and inhibit bacteria

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12
Q

basophil

A

granulocyte
mature into mast cells
hypersensitivity reactions
defense against parasites, release histamine

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13
Q

eosinophil

A

granulocyte
release toxins to kill bacterial and parasites

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14
Q

monocytes

A

agranulocyte
become macrophages and dendritic cells

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15
Q

lymphocyte

A

agranulocyte
becomes B and T cells

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16
Q

follicle of lymph node

A

lymphocyte proliferation

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17
Q

efferent lymphatic vesicle

A

allow lymph to flow out

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18
Q

afferent lymphatic vesicle

A

allow lymph to enter lymph node

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19
Q

lymphatic artery

A

delivers blood to the lymph node

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20
Q

lymphatic vein

A

delivers blood away from the lymph node

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21
Q

germinal center of lymph node

A

activate, proliferate, differentiate B cells

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22
Q

medullary cord of lymph node

A

filled with T lymphocytes and plasma cells

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23
Q

trabeculae of lymph node

A

bundles of connective tissue

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24
Q

capsule of lymph node

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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25
subcapsular sinus of lymph node
macrophages that first capture and retain pathogens in lymphatics
26
trabecular sinus of lymph node
connect subcapsular sinus to medullary sinus
27
red pulp of spleen
phagocytosis of all erythrocytes and pathogens
28
white pulp of spleen
contain germinal centers, B and T cells
29
germinal centers of spleen
B and T cell activation
30
marginal zone of spleen
white pulp transitions to red and their functions mix
31
splenic artery
delivers blood to spleen
32
splenic vein
delivers blood away from spleen
33
capsule of spleen
dense connective tissue
34
hilum of spleen
where artery enters the spleen
35
central arterial of spleen
filled with T dependent cells
36
A vs A Ochterlony test
identical perfect V AA antibody
37
A vs B
nonidentical the V goes past on both sides AB antibody
38
A vs Ab
partially identical V goes past towards the A side only AAb antibody
39
O blood type
H universal donor anti-a anti-b receives O
40
A blood type
H, A anti-b receive A, O donate A, AB
41
B blood type
H, B anti-A receive B, O donate B, AB
42
AB blood type
H, A, B universal receiver donate AB
43
how does a COVID test work?
sample pad conjugate pad (Latex tag) nitrocellulose membrane test strip control strip wicking pad
44
test strip
tests antigen if it is present it will bind to the antibodies
45
control strip
checks validity common antigen binds that is found in everyone
46
how does a protein gel work
electrical current moves the negatively charged protein towards the positive electrode and gel beads filter the protein based on size
47
how do antibodies look on denaturing SDS-PAGE
like numerous bands in a gel that are finely separated the sds denatures and gives them all a negative charge to separate based on size
48
how would they look on denaturing gel?
less bands due to less separation because the molecular weight is higher and have different isoelectric points
49
diagram how a western blot works
separation transfer binding antibodies visualize
50
separation
typical gel with bands
51
transfer
(positive) cassette sponge filter membrane gel cassette (negative) negatively charged protein is attracted to positive and moves from the gel toward the membrane
52
binding of antibodies
membrane has antigen bound primary antibody binds antigen by the fab region secondary antibody binds primary antibody enzyme is bound to secondary antibody for visibility
53
visualize
less bands are shown due to the binding of antibodies
54
diagram an ELISA
assay plate has capture antibody bound primary antibody binds capture antibody secondary antibody binds primary antibody enzyme bound to secondary antibody as detection signal
55
explain how ELISA works
detects antigens by binding to them and transmitting a detectable signal through antigens
56
how can ELISA be used to detect antibodies
if the antibodies are present then the antigen is
57
how does ELISA work clinically
can be used to detect diseases such as HPV and viruses like COVID
58
start of classical cascade
antigen-antibody on C1qrs C1 C4 C2
59
start of alternative cascade
activating surfaces C3b factor B
60
start of lectin cascade
pathogen surfaces on MASPS C4 C2
61
Start of all cascades combining
C5 C5b (and C5a) C9, C8, C7, C6, C5b forming MAC
62
what does the lectin pathway present for MAC
C9, C8, C7, C6
63
Protein A column
Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulin IgG
64
Type I hypersensitivity
IgE
65
Type III hypersensitivity
IgG
66
Type II hypersensitivity
IgM or IgG

Immunology Quiz Questions (15 decks)

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