23 exam 3 Flashcards
which is the first class of immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells during the primary response
IgM
the secondary immune response is primed by ___ cells
memory
the English physician Edward Jenner developed a method of prevention known as vaccination. He discovered that inoculation of individuals with ____ prevented the disease known as smallpox
cowpox
the first memory T cells produced during clonal expansion are T memory stem cells, which can differentiation into what types of cell(s)
central memory T cells or effector memory T cells
the incorporation of ___ into vaccines helps to elicit an inflammatory response
adjuvants
what do memory B-cells directly produce when activated
plasma cells
which of these vaccines most closely mimics an actual infection
attenuated
what type of antibodies would be produced by the Sabin, but not the Salk polio vaccine
IgA
which of the following is the correct definition of systemic immunity
it is the innate and adaptive immune response that protect most of our body
Pneumovax 23 is a polysaccharide vaccine with proteins added. what kind of vaccine is this?
conjugate
antibodies are important for protection during
both systemic and mucosal immunity
the main function of MALT is to
centralize activation of an adaptive immune response at mucosal surfaces
intestinal macrophages, gust dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells function in the innate immune response to combat mucosal infection without inducing
the typical inflammatory response
which of the following is a cell of innate immune system and would respond to proteins during a helminth infection by secreting IL-5 to promote activation of granulocytes
ILC2
where are Peyer’s patches located in the immune defenses?
small intestine
which of these is an important helper cell in the lamina propria
TH17
what do NOD receptor bind to
bacterial cell wall components
what is the main function of the IgE response in the mucosa
fight off worm infections
a superantigen produced by bacteria can result in
the immune response becoming dysfunctional
the RNA genome of influenza virus is replicated by a RNA polymerase that does not have proofreading abilities, thus errors can be introduced, changing the surface molecule structures in a process known as
antigenic drift
viruses can incorporate their viral genomes into a host cell and undergo a dormant state known as
latency
a survival method used by an intracellular pathogen is to avoid ___ fusion inside the phagocyte
phagolysosome
an extracellular pathogen that can inhibit function of the actin cytoskeleton is
Yersinia pestis
which of the following is not an example of a super antigen
Diphtheria toxin
what viral protein is used by influenza virus to fuse with host cells
hemagglutinin
Cryptococcus neoformans evades the immune system by
surviving in the phagolysosome
what is the purpose of lysozyme in our immune defenses
destroy peptidoglycan cell walls
____ immunodeficiency can be due to environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins
secondary
severe combined immunodeficiencies often are due to the lack of which cell subsets
lymphocytes
patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) have low levels of plasma C2 and C4 complement proteins, resulting in potentially life-threatening conditions. which protein is most commonly mutated in such patients?
C1INH