23 exam 3

Question 1

which is the first class of immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells during the primary response

Answer 1

IgM

Question 2

the secondary immune response is primed by ___ cells

Answer 2

memory

Question 3

the English physician Edward Jenner developed a method of prevention known as vaccination. He discovered that inoculation of individuals with ____ prevented the disease known as smallpox

Answer 3

cowpox

Question 4

the first memory T cells produced during clonal expansion are T memory stem cells, which can differentiation into what types of cell(s)

Answer 4

central memory T cells or effector memory T cells

Question 5

the incorporation of ___ into vaccines helps to elicit an inflammatory response

Answer 5

adjuvants

Question 6

what do memory B-cells directly produce when activated

Answer 6

plasma cells

Question 7

which of these vaccines most closely mimics an actual infection

Answer 7

attenuated

Question 8

what type of antibodies would be produced by the Sabin, but not the Salk polio vaccine

Answer 8

IgA

Question 9

which of the following is the correct definition of systemic immunity

Answer 9

it is the innate and adaptive immune response that protect most of our body

Question 10

Pneumovax 23 is a polysaccharide vaccine with proteins added. what kind of vaccine is this?

Answer 10

conjugate

Question 11

antibodies are important for protection during

Answer 11

both systemic and mucosal immunity

Question 12

the main function of MALT is to

Answer 12

centralize activation of an adaptive immune response at mucosal surfaces

Question 13

intestinal macrophages, gust dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells function in the innate immune response to combat mucosal infection without inducing

Answer 13

the typical inflammatory response

Question 14

which of the following is a cell of innate immune system and would respond to proteins during a helminth infection by secreting IL-5 to promote activation of granulocytes

Answer 14

ILC2

Question 15

where are Peyer’s patches located in the immune defenses?

Answer 15

small intestine

Question 16

which of these is an important helper cell in the lamina propria

Answer 16

TH17

Question 17

what do NOD receptor bind to

Answer 17

bacterial cell wall components

Question 18

what is the main function of the IgE response in the mucosa

Answer 18

fight off worm infections

Question 19

a superantigen produced by bacteria can result in

Answer 19

the immune response becoming dysfunctional

Question 20

the RNA genome of influenza virus is replicated by a RNA polymerase that does not have proofreading abilities, thus errors can be introduced, changing the surface molecule structures in a process known as

Answer 20

antigenic drift

Question 21

viruses can incorporate their viral genomes into a host cell and undergo a dormant state known as

Answer 21

latency

Question 22

a survival method used by an intracellular pathogen is to avoid ___ fusion inside the phagocyte

Answer 22

phagolysosome

Question 23

an extracellular pathogen that can inhibit function of the actin cytoskeleton is

Answer 23

Yersinia pestis

Question 24

which of the following is not an example of a super antigen

Answer 24

Diphtheria toxin

Question 25

what viral protein is used by influenza virus to fuse with host cells

Answer 25

hemagglutinin

Question 26

Cryptococcus neoformans evades the immune system by

Answer 26

surviving in the phagolysosome

Question 27

what is the purpose of lysozyme in our immune defenses

Answer 27

destroy peptidoglycan cell walls

Question 28

____ immunodeficiency can be due to environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins

Answer 28

secondary

Question 29

severe combined immunodeficiencies often are due to the lack of which cell subsets

Answer 29

lymphocytes

Question 30

patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) have low levels of plasma C2 and C4 complement proteins, resulting in potentially life-threatening conditions. which protein is most commonly mutated in such patients?

Answer 30

C1INH

Question 31

classical nk cell deficiency can be caused by improper hematopoiesis due to haploinsufficiency of which transcription factor

Answer 31

GATA2

Question 32

DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a missing or impaired

Answer 32

thymus

Question 33

what is the most common type of immunodeficiency

Answer 33

B-cell

Question 34

which of these conditions is due to a defect in NADPH oxidase activity

Answer 34

chronic granulomatous disease

Question 35

what is the main treatment for SCID patients

Answer 35

bone marrow transplant

Question 36

what immune cells are most directly impacted by an HIV infection

Answer 36

helper T-cells

Question 37

the stimulation of an immune response by an innocuous substance is called

Answer 37

hypersensitivity

Question 38

reactions caused by the production of immunoglobulins that recognize host cell-surface molecules and target cells containing these molecules via the complement pathway or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity are called ____ hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 38

type II

Question 39

inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-alpha, increase

Answer 39

migration of other immune cells to the site of infection and also inhibit pathogen division and survival

Question 40

___ are capable of secreting inflammatory mediators such as histamine and prostaglandins and toxic molecules, including major basic protein, peroxidase, cationic protein, and a cellular neurotoxin

Answer 40

eosinophils

Question 41

ABO blood types are determined by the presence or absence of the three glycolipids antigens

Answer 41

H, A, and B

Question 42

what is the universal donor blood type

Answer 42

O

Question 43

which of the following is not a granulocytes involved in a type I hypersensitivity

Answer 43

neutrophil

Question 44

a wide-spread systemic type I hypersensitivity response is called what

Answer 44

anaphylaxis

Question 45

what type of hypersensitivity involves excess immune complex formation

Answer 45

type III

Question 46

bacterial proteins tend to be what type of antigens

Answer 46

T-dependent

Question 47

what protein makes up the second signal for B-cell activation

Answer 47

CD40

Question 48

what type of cells secrete antibodies into the serum

Answer 48

plasma cells

Question 49

where does antibody affinity maturation take place

Answer 49

follicle

Question 50

what enzyme is most associated with antibody isotype switching

Answer 50

AID

Question 51

phagocytes tend to use ___ to recognize antibody opsonized pathogens

Answer 51

FcyRI

Question 52

what type of antibodies can a person with type O blood maintain in their serum

Answer 52

both anti-A and anti-B

Question 53

what type of vaccine was the Pfizer COVID shot

Answer 53

mRNA

Question 54

which antibody isotype deficiency would most impact mucosal defenses

Answer 54

IgA

Question 55

which bacterial structure is associated with the K antigen

Answer 55

capsule

Question 56

Tscm cells are found mostly in ___ tissue

Answer 56

lymphoid

Question 57

unlike naive T-cells, memory T-cells express the ___ isoform

Answer 57

nosocomial

Question 58

___ involves using a mild form of small pox virus to percent a worse infection by small pox

Answer 58

variolation

Question 59

it is now widely accepted that vaccines ___ associated with autism

Answer 59

are not

Question 60

glycoproteins called ___ are an important part of our lung and gut defenses

Answer 60

mucins

Question 61

the process of antigen transcytosis in the gut epithelium is mostly done by ____

Answer 61

microfold cells (m cells)

Question 62

most plasma cells in our bodies are found in the ____

Answer 62

mucosa

Question 63

____ is used by influenza virus to release from infected cells

Answer 63

neuraminidase

Question 64

influenza viruses undergo antigenic ___ through genetic recombination or reassortment

Answer 64

shift

Question 65

a ___ disease is one that passes from animals to humans

Answer 65

zoonotic

Question 66

lipopolysaccharide is also known as the

Answer 66

O antigen

Question 67

HIV is an example of an ___ immunodeficiency

Answer 67

acquired

Question 68

severe combined immunodeficiency is due to a defect in ___

Answer 68

RAG1/RAG2

Question 69

the worst immunodeficiencies affect the ___ immune defenses

Answer 69

innate

Question 70

HIV uses the enzyme ___ to replicated in humans

Answer 70

reverse transcriptase

Question 71

hayfever allergies are associated with ___ antibodies

Answer 71

IgE

Question 72

a type ___ hypersensitivity is associated with the arthus reaction

Answer 72

III

Question 73

___ is another (more complicated) term for hives

Answer 73

urticaria

Question 74

poison ivy is an example of a type ___ hypersensitivity

Answer 74

IV

Question 75

___ are a major type of T-cells in the lamina propria

Answer 75

TH17