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Immunology Quiz Questions > Exam 2 Quizlet questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Quizlet questions Flashcards

1
Q

What part of our immune defenses is most associated with neutrophil action?

a. Innate
b. Adaptive
c. Humoral
d. Cell-mediated

A

innate

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2
Q

Where would you find the most T-cells in the spleen?

a. PALS
b. Follicle
c. Marginal zone
d. Red pulp

A

PALS

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3
Q

Which of these antibodies is most associated with hay fever allergies?

a. IgA
b. IgG
c. IgE
d. IgM

A

IgE

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4
Q

What is the role of RAG in antibody function?

a. Templated nucleotide addition
b. Somatic hypermutation
c. Non-templated nucleotide addition
d. Formation of splice junctions

A

Formation of splice Junctions

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5
Q

What proteins make up the pre-B-cell receptor?

a. Two surrogate chains
b. A light chain and a surrogate chain
c. A heavy chain and a surrogate chain
d. A heavy chain and a light chain

A

A heavy chain and a surrogate chain

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6
Q

Which of the following skin grafts would fail due to MHC incompatibility?

a. A graft from a b/b homozygous donor to a b/k heterozygous recipient
b. A graft from a b/k heterozygous donor to a b/b homozygous recipient
c. A graft from a b/k heterozygous donor to a b/k heterozygous recipient
d. A graft from a k/k homozygous donor to a b/k heterozygoes recipient

A

A graft from a b/k heterozygous donor to a b/b homozygous recipient

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7
Q

Which cluster of MHC genes includes complement proteins?

a. Class I
b. Class II
c. Class III
d. None of these

A

Class III

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8
Q

Negative selection of T-cells occurs when the T cells ___________.

a. Fail to bond to self MHC molecules at all
b. Bind to self MHC molecules with low affinity
c. Bind to self MHC molecules with intermediate affinity
d. Bind to self MHC molecules with high affinity

A

Bind to self MHC molecules with high affinity

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9
Q

Which of these proteins induces expression of tissue-specific proteins in thymic epithelial cells?

a. RAG1/RAG2
b. Igα/ Igβ
c. AIRE
d. TdT

A

AIRE

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10
Q

Which of these statements is true of T1 B-cells?

a. They are a special subset of T-cells
b. They are found mostly in the PALS of the spleen
c. They are formed early in the bone marrow
c. They secrete large amounts of antibodies

A

They are found mostly in the PALS of the spleen

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11
Q

How do T-cell and B-cell development differ?

a. B-cells are negatively selected, but T-cells are not
b. T-cells are negatively selected, but B-cells are not
c. B-cells are positively selected, but T-cells are not
d. T-cells are positively selected, but B-cells are not

A

T-cells are positively selected, but B-cells are not

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12
Q

What sort of T-cells are most involved in responding to viral infections?

a. TH1
b. TH2
c. TH17
d. TFH

A

TH1

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13
Q

Which of the following molecules would NOT be found on a cytotoxic T-cell?

a. CD3
b. CD4
c. CD8
d. T-cell receptor

A

CD4

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14
Q

Which of the following is the best example of a T-independent type I antigen?

a. Lipopolysaccharide
b. Bacterial capsule
c. Secreted proteins
d. Superantigens

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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15
Q

The presence of IL-4 will bias B-cells to produce more ___________.

a. IgG2
b. IgG1
c. IgA
d. IgM

A

IgG1

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16
Q

When IL-1 produced at the site of infection results in systemic fever, what sort of action is it?

a. Autocrine
b. Paracrine
c. Endocrine
d. Gap Junction

A

Endocrine

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17
Q

Which of these cytokines is produced to inhibit viral replication?

a. IL-1
b. TGFβ
c. IL-4
d. Interferon

A

Interferon

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18
Q

What is the function of C2bC4bC3b in the classical complement cascade?

a. C5 convertase
b. Initiation complex
c. Membrane attack complex
d. C3 convertase

A

C5 convertase

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19
Q

___________________ is when one copy of a gene is expressed and the other is silenced.

a. Somatic recombination
b. Somatic hypermutation
c. Negative selection
d. Allelic exclusion

A

Allelic exculsion

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20
Q

Non-templated nucleotide additions to receptor proteins are added by which enzyme?

a. AIRE
b. TdT
c. RAG1
d. AID

A

TdT

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21
Q

How is MHC diversity generated in a population?

a. Somatic recombination
b. Alternative RNA splicing
c. Somatic hypermutation
d. Codominant expression of polyclonal alleles

A

Codominant expression of polyclonal alleles

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22
Q

Assume that k/k homozygous mice were infected with a virus and their cytotoxic T-cells were harvested. Which of these conditions would lead to target cell death in vitro when the Tc cells were added?

a. k/k target cells alone
b. b/b target cells alone
c. k/k target cells infected by the virus
d. b/b target cells infected by the virus

A

b/b target cells alone

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23
Q

Which of these is the correct progression of T-cell development?

a. Double negative -> Single positive -> Double positive
b. Double negative -> Double positive -> Single positive
c. Double positive -> Single positive -> Double negative
d. Double positive -> Double negative -> Single positive

A

Double negative -> Double positive -> Single positive

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24
Q

T-cell receptor rearrangement occurs primarily in which stage of development?

a. Double negative 1
b. Double negative 2
c. Double negative 3
d. Double negative 4

A

Double negative 3

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25
Q

Which model of T-cell development predicts that lymphocytes randomly select either CD4 or CD8 and then get stimulated later?

a. Instructive model
b. Stochastic model
c. Kinetic signaling model
d. Two signal model

A

Stochastic model

26
Q

Which of these is true of T3 B-cells?

a. They have become unresponsive to antigens
b. They populate the marginal zone of the spleen
c. They proliferate in the follicles of the lymphatic tissues
d. They are still undergoing negative selection

A

They have become unresponsive to antigens

27
Q

What type of T-cells are most important in helping B-cells to be activated?

a. TH1
b. TH2
c. Treg
d. TFH

A

TFH

28
Q

What is the function of polarizing cytokines in T-cell development?

a. Attract the cells to the follicle
b. Non-specifically stimulate cells
c. Decide the ultimate subset of cell formed
d. Initiate early proliferation

A

Decide the ultimate subset of cell formed

29
Q

What process improves the affinity of antibodies after the activation of B-cells?

a. Somatic hypermutation
b. Somatic recombination
c. Non-templated nucleotide addition
d. Templated nucleotide addition

A

Somatic Hypermutation

30
Q

Which of these is true of a memory cell but NOT a naive B-cell?

a. The generation of a response takes 7 to 10 days
b. Produces mostly IgM
c. Produces 100x more antibody
d. Is relatively short lived

A

Produces 100x more antibody

31
Q

IgG molecules from different individuals that are specific for the same antigen are called _______________.

A

Allotypes

32
Q

The primary immune response results in mostly ___________ isotype antibody formation.

A

IgM

33
Q

The alternative pathway complement cascade begins when ___________ interacts with a pathogen.

A

C3

34
Q

Somatic hypermutation occurs primarily in the _____________ of lymph nodes.

A

follicle

35
Q

Antibody genes are located on ________ chromosomes in humans.

A

3

36
Q

Presentation on MHC class I molecules is also referred to as the _________________________ pathway.

A

endogenous

37
Q

____________________ cells are MHC class II restricted in humans

A

CD4 + T

38
Q

________________ is the condition where immune cells are unable to respond to an antigen.

A

AIDS

39
Q

Lymphocytes called _______________ work to suppress the immune response and maintain homeostasis..

A

Treg

40
Q

Hardy stage D B-cells correspond to the ___________ Basel stage.

A

Small pre-B

41
Q

B-1 B-cells are located mostly in ______________

A

tissues

42
Q

During T-cell activation, IL-2 mostly acts in a(n) ___________ fashion

A

autocrine

43
Q

________________ are molecules that can non-specifically activate many T-cells

A

Superantigens

44
Q

Within minutes of binding antigen, B-cell exhibit _________________ behavior.

A

membrane spreading

45
Q

__________________ is when a B-cell decides to make IgG instead of IgM.

A

class switching

46
Q

In humans, IgG and IgE are the heavy chain isotypes of B cell receptors in naîve B cells.

A

false M and D

47
Q

Class switching is driven by the protein AID in B cells.

A

true

48
Q

V(d)J rearrangement is stimulated by antigen recognition.

A

false

49
Q

In humans, Igλ and Igκ are types of light chain loci present on seperate chromosomes.

A

True. Igλ is on chromosome 22 and Igκ is on chromosome 2

50
Q

In mammals, T cell maturation occurs in the __________ and B cell maturation occurs in the __________.

A. Thymus; lymph node
B. Bone marrow; thymus
C. Bone marrow; lymph node
D. Thymus; bone marrow
E. None of the above

A

Thymus;bone marrow

51
Q

Naïve T cells enter the lymph node through which structure?
A. Afferent lymphatics
B. Efferent lymphatics
C. High endothelial venules
D. Marginal zone
E. None of the above

A

High endothelial venules

52
Q

Antibodies can:
A. Neutralize toxins
B. Agglutinate bacteria
C. Target pathogens for destruction
D. Provide passive immunization
E. All of the above

A

All of the above

53
Q

Generation of antibody diversity is enhanced by all the following EXCEPT:
A. P-nucleotide addition
B. Multiple germ-line gene segments
C. Combinatorial diversity
D. Allelic exclusion
E. All of the above

A

Allelic exculsion

54
Q

A B cell failed to produce a productive antibody heavy chain during its first attempt at VDJ Ig recombination. What happens next?

A. Recombination from the 2nd heavy chain Ig allele takes place.
B. The cell undergoes apoptosis for the nonproductive heavy chain.
C. Recombination for the light chain Ig takes place.
D. The heavy chain is expressed on the plasma membrane.
E. The cell secretes cytokines to signal for T cell help.

A

Recombination from the 2nd heavy chain Ig allele takes place

55
Q

Immature B cells in the bone marrow that are found to bear self-antigen reactive BCRs can undergo with of the following?
A. Clonal deletion
B. Light chain receptor editing
C. Development of anergy
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.

A

all of the above

56
Q

What type of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement occurs during B cell progenitor development?

A. DH-JH rearrangement
B. DL-JL rearrangement
C. VH-DJH rearrangement
D. VL-DJL rearrangement
E. VDJH and VJL rearrangement

A

VDJH and VJL rearrangement

57
Q

At what stage during B cell development is membrane bound IgM expressed?
A. Pre-pro B
B. Pro B
C. Pre-B
D. Immature B
E. Mature B

A

Immature B

58
Q

List the following options in the correct order of T cell development (First process on the left, last process is on the right):

  1. Multipotent TSP migrates to cortex
  2. α-TCR recombination
  3. Begins β-TCR recombination and fully commits to T cell lineage
  4. Expresses pre-TCR
  5. Expresses mature TCR, CD4, and CD8

A. 1<3<2<4<5
B. 3<2<1<4<5
C. 2<1<4<3<5
D. 1<2<3<4<5
E. 1<3<4<2<5

A

1<3<4<2<5

59
Q

Which class of antibodies is the first to be produced during the primary immune response?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG
E. IgM

A

IgM

60
Q

During this stage of T cell development, the cells undergo proliferation to make many cells with the same TCR β protein before completing α-chain rearrangement.

A. DN1
B. DN2
C. DN3
D. DN4
E. DP

A

DN4

61
Q

Tregs (regulatory T cells):

A. Can be produced by activation of the transcription factor FoxP3.
B. Are antigen specific.
C. Are an alternative to the clonal deletion of negative selection.
D. Can suppress other T cells.
E. All of the above.

A

all of the above

62
Q

A naïve T cell binds to a pancreatic islet β cell presenting the insulin protein on its MHC I molecules. The T cell receives activation signal 1 from this interaction. What happens next?

A. The T cell will receive a costimulatory signal from the β cell.
B. The T cell will become anergic because it will not receive a costimulatory signal from the β cell.
C. The T cell will start secreting cytokines.

A

The T cell will become anergic because it will not receive a costimulatory signal from the β cell.

Immunology Quiz Questions (15 decks)

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