Module 9: Organ Specific Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
loss of thyroid function
Ab to thyroid antigens (humoral) including anti thyroglobulin antibody and Thyroid peroxidase antibody
Lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid gland
Presence of antithyroid Ab
Increased TSH
Women 30-60y.
Graves disease
Thyroid gland is over stimulated
Autoantibody mimics TSH
Increased levels of thyroid hormones
Decreased TSH
Autoimmune Chronic Active Hepatitis (AI-CAH)
Loss of tolerance against liver tissue
Infiltration of lymphs cause histological changes to structure and function of liver
Decreased Tregs cell function
Increase Ig levels
Increased ANA
Increased SMA (Smooth muscle Ab)
Primary Bilary Cirrhosis
Loss of tolerance against liver tissue
Cirrhosis of small bile ducts in liver leads to hepatic failure
Increased anti-mitochondrial Ab (94% pts)
Decreased Treg cell function
Myasthenia Gravis
Auto-Ab against Acetylcholine receptor prevents muscle from contracting
Multiple Sclerosis
infiltration of lymphs into lesions
Diabetes Mellitus
Beta islet cells of the Pancreas are severely decreased or fibroses
Auto-Ab initiates CD4/CD8 response that results in beta cell destruction
Islet cells Ab, Insulin Ab, GAD Ab present
Environmental insult (virus), genetic susceptibility, autoimmunity
Goodpastures Syndrome
Circulating Ab to collagen of alveolar and glomerular basement membranes which bind complement
Increased antiglomerular basement membrane Ab
Celiac disease
CD4 T cells are activated, release inflammatory cytokines
Increased IL-15 expression leads to other cellular activity
Anti-TTG Ab present
Scleroderma
Chronic hardening and contraction of the skin
T and B cells induce abnormalities of fibroblast collagen production and vascular injury
Genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute
