Module 9: Male Reproductive System Flashcards
bulbourethral glands
pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra (aka Cowper glands)
ejaculation
ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra
ejaculatory duct
tube through which semen enters the male urethra
epididymis (plural: epudidymides)
one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens
erectile dysfunction
inability of an adult male to achieve an erection: impotence
flagellum
hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)
fraternal twins
two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells
glans penis
sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to the clitoris in the female
identical twins
two infants resulting from the division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos. Conjoined (Siamese) twins are incompletely separated identical twins
interstitial cells of the testes
specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig cells
parenchymal tissue
essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal
penis
male external organ of reproduction
perineum
external region between the anus and scrotum in the male
prepuce
foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
prostate gland
exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder
What does the prostate gland secrete?
one of the fluid parts of semen into the urethra during ejaculation
scrotum
external sac that contains the testes
semen
spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from the urethra during ejaculation
seminal vesicles
paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens
seminiferous tubules
narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes
spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)
sperm cell
sterilization
a procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells; removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy
stromal tissue
supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma (aka stroma)
testis (plural: testes)
male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone
testosterone
hormones secreted by the interstitial tissue of the tests; responsible for male sex characteristics
vas deferens
narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra (aka ductus deferens)
Sterilization vs. Impotence
A procedure that can be performed on both men and women vs. the inability of a male to sustain an erection or achieve ejaculation
andr/o
male
androgen
male hormone
balan/o
glans penis
cry/o
cold
crypt/o
hidden
cryptorchidism
in this congenital condition, one or both testicles do not descend, by the time of birth, into the scrotal sac from the abdominal cavity
epididym/o
epididymis
gon/o
seed
hydr/o
water, fluid
gonorrhea
sexually transmitted disease infection involving the inflammation of the genital tract mucous membranes
orch/o, orch/i, orchid/o
testis, testicles
pen/o
penis
prostat/o
prostate gland
semin/i
semen, seed
sperm/o, spermat/o
spermatozoa, semen
terat/o
monster
teratoma
malignant tumor of a testes
varic/o
varicose veins
test/o
testis, testicles
vas/o
vessel, duct; vas deferens
zo/o
animal life
-gensis
formation
-one
hormone
-pexy
fixation, put in place
-stomy
new opening
carcinoma of the tests (testicular cancer)
malignant tumor of the testicles
azoospermia
semen without sperm cells
aspermia
no semen at all
cryptorchidism; cryptorchism
undescended testicles
hydrocele
sac of clear fluid in the scrotum
tsticular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord
variocele
enlarged, dilated veins near the testicles
What does BPH stand for?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
benign growth of cells within the prostate gland
What does TURP stand for?
transurethral resection of the prostate
carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer)
malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland
What does DRE stand for)
Digital Rectal Examination
What does PSA test stand for?
Prostate-Specific Antigen Test
What does TRUS stand for?
Transrectal Ultrasound
Hypospadias
congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
phimosis
narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis
phim/o
muzzle
What does STDs stand for?
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
What does STIs stand for?
Sexually Transmitted Infections
chlamydial infection
bacterial invasion of the urethra and reproductive tract
gonorrhea
inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria)
purulent
pus-filled
herpes genitalis
infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
What does HSV stand for?
Herpes Simplex Virus
human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus
What does HPV stand for?
Human Papillomavirus
syphilis
Chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium)
Chancre
hard ulcer or sore
PSA test
Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood
What does PSA stand for?
Prostate-Specific Antigen
semen analysis
microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid
castration
surgical excision of testicles or ovaries
circumcision
surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis
digital rectal examination (DRE)
Finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland
What does DRE stand for?
Digital Rectal Examination
Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (GreenLight PVP)
removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP)
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra
What does TURP stand for?
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
vasectomy
bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vase deferens
ligation
tying and binding off
What does ED stand for?
Erectile Dysfunction
What does GU stand for?
Genitourinary
What does NSU stand for?
Nonspecific urethritis (not due to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection)
What does PID stand for?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
What does PVP stand for?
Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate; GreenLight PVP
What does RPR stand for?
Rapid Plasma Reagin test; a test for syphilis
What does TRUS stand for?
Transrectal Ultrasound examination; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle
What does TUIP stand for?
Transurethral Incision of the Prostate; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP
What does TUMT stand for?
Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy
What does TUNA stand for?
Transurethral Needle Ablation; radiofrequency energy destroys prostate tissue
Gleason Score
based on the microscopic appearance of the prostate biopsy specimen; cancers with a higher Gleason score are more aggressive and carry a worse prognosis
What is the passage of sperm?
Sperm are formed in the seminiferous tubules (testes), epididymis, vas deferens (seminal vesicles), ejaculatory duct, urethra (prostate and bulbourethral glands), which passes through the penis, and then sperm leaves the body
Seminoma
A type of testicular cancer that arises from embryonic cells in the seminiferous tubules in the testes
An adjective that means pertaining to the male gonad is called what?
Testicular
A minimally invasive procedure that may be used instead of TURP for the treatment of BPH?
GreenLight PVP
What is the reverse procedure to a vasectomy?
Vasovasostomy
What is the abbreviation test for syphilis?
RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
The gland that secretes fluid into the ejaculatory duct is called what?
Seminal vesicle
Seminiferous
A narrow, coiled tubule that produces sperm in a testis
Peyronie diease
A disorder in which a painful, curved erection results from repeated injury
