Module 4: Prefixes Flashcards
carp/o
wrist bones
cib/o
meals
cis/o
to cut
cost/o
rib
cutane/o
skin
dactyl/o
fingers, toes
duct/o
to lead, carry
flex/o
to bend
furc/o
forking, branching
gloss/o
tongue
glyc/o
sugar
immun/o
protection
morph/o
shape, form
nat/i
birth
nect/o
to bind, tie, connect
norm/o
rule, order
ox/o
oxygen
pub/o
pubis (pubic bone)l anterior portion of the pelvic or hipbone
seps/o
infection
somn/o
sleep
son/o
sound
the/o
to put, place
thel/o, theli/o
nipple
thyr/o
thyroid gland; shield (the shape of the thyroid gland resembled [oid] a shield to those who named it)
top/o
place, position, location
tox/o
poison
trache/o
windpipe, trachea
urethr/o
urethra
-blast
embryonic, immature
-crine
to secrete
-drome
to run
-fusion
coming together, to pour
-gen
substance that produces
-lapse
to slide, fall, sag
-lysis
breakdown, destruction, separation
-meter
to measure
-mission
to send
-or
one who
-oxia
oxygen
-partum
birth, labour
-phoria
to bear, carry; feeling (mental state)
-physis
to grow
-plasia
development, formation, growth
-plasm
structure or formation
-pnea
breathing
-ptosis
falling, drooping, prolapse
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-stasis
stopping, controlling
-trophy
development, nourishment
a-, an-
no, not, without
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
ana-
up, apart
ante-
before, forward
anti-
against
auto-
self, own
bi-
two
brady-
slow
cata-
down
con-
with, together
contra-
against, opposite
de-
down, lack of
dia-
through, complete
dys-
bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
ec-, ecto-
out, outside
endo-
in, within
epi-
upon, on, above
eu-
good, normal
ex-
out, outside, away from
hemi-
half
hyper-
excessive, above
hypo-
deficient, under
in-
not
in-
into, within
infra-
beneath, under
inter-
between
intra-
in, within, into
macro-
large
mal-
bad
meta-
beyond, change
micro-
small
neo-
new
pan-
all
para-
abnormal, beside, near
per-
through
peri-
sourrounding
poly-
many, much
post-
after, behind
pre-
before, in front of
pro-
before, forward
pros-
before, forward
re-
back, again
retro-
behind, backward
sub-
under
supra-
above, upper
syn-, sym-
together, with
tachy-
fast
trans-
across, through
ultra-
beyond, excess
uni-
one
What are the four broad categories that prefixes are divided into?
quantity, position or time, appearance, condition
later/o
one sided
unilateral
Pertaining to one side
bilateral
Pertaining to two sides
bisect
to cut something in two
tri-
three
quadri- or tetra-
four
Hemiglossectomy
The surgical excision of one half of the tongue
Pancytopenia
A deficiency of all types of blood cells
Pancarditis
Inflammation of the heart that is occurring in all parts of the heart
Esthesi/o
sensation, feeling
Anesthesia
A treatment that makes the patient have no feeling/ unconscious
Anoxia
Total lack of oxygen
Polycystic
Any surface or tissue that contains multiple cysts
Polyneuritis
Inflammation of multiple nerves
Hemicrania
Headache occurring on one half of the head
Hypoglycemia
A deficiency of sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia
An excess of sugar in the blood
Hyperthermia
Having too much body heat
therm/o
heat
Ultrafiltration
Goes beyond normal filtration by separating out especially small particles
Ultrasonography
Uses sound waves that go beyond the normal range of human hearing to produce images of internal anatomic structures
Hypoxia
The condition of have deficient oxygen levels
Endoderm
The inner most germ layer of the embryo
Ectoderm
The outer most germ layer of the embryo
Ectopic
Pertaining to the outside of a particular place
Ectopic pregnancy
Abnormal pregnancy that occurs somewhere outside the uterus
Endoscope
An instrument used to examine structures within the body
Endotracheal tube
A tube that is inserted within the trachea
Abductor
muscles pull the body part (such as a leg) away from the midline of the body
Adductor
muscles pull the body part toward the midline of the body
Postauricularly
Patches that go behind each ear to prevent motion sickness
Posthepatic
Pertaining to behind the liver
Postsplenic
Pertaining to behind the spleen
Anteflexion
The forward bend of an organ
Prefrontal
Situated in front of the frontal lobe or region of the brain
What does Rh+ mean?
They have an antigen on the surface of their red blood cells
What does Rh- mean?
Their RBCs do not have an antigen on the surface
Antibody
A protein molecule produced by the body to neutralize a specific foreign antigen
What is an Rh condition?
An antigen-antibody reaction
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or erythroblastosis fetalis
Typically occurs during the second pregnancy of a woman with an Rh condition. When the embryo of the second pregnancy is Rh+ and the mother’s acquired antibodies enter the embryo’s bloodstream and attack the RBCs. The result is the creation of new and immature RBCs called erythroblasts.
Immunogloulin
A protein that is made by B cells and plasma cells (typically white blood cells) and helps the body fight the infection
Congenital anomlay
A birth defect of a child
genit/o
Reproduction
Epidermis
Upper layer of skin
Subcutaneous
Beneath the skin
Intercostal
Spaces between the ribs
Intravenous
Inserting a device into the vein
Supracostal
The area above the ribs
Infracostal
The area below the ribs
Supraorbital
The area above the eye
Infraorbital
The area below the eye
Parathyroid glands
Named for their location beside the thyroid gland
Pericardium
The structure that surrounds the heart
Periosteum
Specialized connective tissue surrounding the bones, except at their extremities
Paralysis
Abnormal separation or loosening between nerve and muscle
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GRD)
aka acid reflux; to flow back
Relapse
to fall back; when a disease or its signs and symptoms return after an apparent recovery
Retroflexion
The process of bending backwards
Retroperitoneal
Pertaining to behind the peritoneum
Syndactyly
Two or more fingers and toes are fused together (webbed)
Symphysis
A joint in which the bony surfaces are brought together by a layer of fibrocartilage to perform a function
Symphysis pubis
A joint is formed by the union of two pubic bones by a thick mass of fibrocartilage
Symphysis literal meaning
Literally means the bones have grown together (sym- = together; -physis = to grow)
Syndrome
A group of symptoms that run together
Prodrome
Symptom(s) that appear to run before the onset of an illness
Prolapse
The downward displacement of an organ from its normal position
Recombinant DNA technology or Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
The process of taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism
Reye Syndrome
Characterized by vomiting, swelling of the brain, increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and dysfunction of the liver
Marfan Syndrome
An inherited connective tissue disorder marked by a tall, thin body type with long, “spidery” fingers and toes, elongated head, and heart, blood vessel, and ophthalmic abnormalities
Arachnodactyly
Elongated fingers and toes
Percutaneous
Pertaining to through the skin
Dialysis
A procedure for the separation of certain elements from the blood by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
Transfusion
A small needle is used to insert an intravenous line into the recipient’s bloodstream, and healthy blood flows through the IV line into the recipient’s bloodstream
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
A portion of the prostate is removed through the urethra; the purpose is to remove hyperplastic prostatic tissue that is interfering with urination
Catabasis
The stage decline of a disease, as the disease winds downs
Analysis
The process of taking something apart by separating out its components to study and understand them
Dehydration
A condition of a lack of water in the body
Microscope
An instrument that allows very small objects to be examined with the eye
Macrocephaly
A congenital anomaly, the size of the head is excessive in relation to the rest of the body
Insomniac
A person who is unable to sleep or remain asleep
Pseudomelanoma
A false cancerous skin lesion
Pseudocyesis
False pregnancy
Metacarpal bones
Bones that are distal or beyond the carpal (wrist bones)
Metamorphosis
Embryonic stem cells spontaneously or undergo change to form many different kinds of mature cells
Metastasis
Occurs when a tumour develops or spreads beyond the site of origin
Euthyroid
A healthy, normal thyroid gland
Dysplasia
The abnormal development of tissues or organs or an alternation in cell growth, sometimes as a result of chronic irritation
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
Muscular dystrophy
Abnormal development that causes muscular weakness and deterioration
Malnutrition
Bad or inadequate nutrition
Neonatal
Pertains to the first 28 days after birth for a new infant
Neoplasm
The abnormal formation of new tissue, whether malignant or benign
Fissue
A type of fracture
Contrafissure
A fracture that occurs opposite to where the blow was received
Contralateral
Muscles on one side of the body are controlled by nerves on the opposite
Contraindication
Any factor or condition that renders a treatment improper or undesirable; the treatment goes against what is best for the patient
Immune system
Effectively functions to defend the body against disease
Autoimmune diseases
The body makes antibodies that attack its own healthy cells and tissues causing inflammation and injury
Tachypnea
Abnormally rapid breathing
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeats
Acalulia
A neurological condition that makes it difficult to perform basic math
