Module 3: Suffixes Flashcards
-um and -ium
Structure tissue/ thing
-us
Structure or substance
muc/o + -us
Mucus
esophag/o + -us
Esophagus
bacteri/o + -um
Bacterium
Peritone/o + -um
Peritoneum
-coccus
Berry-shaped bacterium
-cocci
Berry-shaped bacteria
-cyte
represents any type of cell
erythr/o + -cyte
erythrocyte
Atrium
Upper chambers of the heart (x2)
Ventricles
Lower chambers of the heart (x2)
How many layers is the heart wall composed of?
3
Endocardium
Thin tissue that lines each chamber and valve
Myocardium
Cardiac muscle surrounding each chamber
Pericardium
The doubled-folder layer of connective tissue that surrounds the heart
Inner Visceral Pericardium
aka Epicardium is the 1/2 layers that make up the double fold of the pericardium
Outer Parietal Pericardium
1/2 layers that make up the double fold of the pericardium (located on the outside of the fold)
What are Leukocytes?
White blood cells (WBCs)
What are Thrombocytes?
aka platelets, that are tiny fragments of cell and bone marrow used for clotting
What cells are present in the blood?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
What are Erythrocytes?
RBCs, are pliable disks that are concave on each side. They carry the protein hemoglobin which carries oxygen to and from the body’s cells through the bloodstream
What do Leukocytes do?
plays a significant role in the body’s ability to protect itself against foreign organisms and substances
What cells are considered granulocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils because they contain granules in their cytoplasm
What cells are considered agranulocytes?
Monocytes and lymphocytes because they do not contain granules in their cytoplasm
What are the 5 types of mature leukocytes called?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Cells that engulf and destroy harmful microrganisms
Phag/o
Eating or swallowing
Basophils
Secrete heparin which is an anticlotting substance and histamine which is released in allergic and inflammatory reactions
Eosinophils
Increase in number to help protect the body from allergens
Neutrophils
Are the primary “soldiers” of the body against infection and are the first to arrive at the scene of injury where they act as strong phagocytes
Lymphocytes
Can directly attack infectious agents and produce special proteins called antibodies to destroy foreign cells
Monocytes
Destroy debris left after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells. They can also leave the blood to enter tissues and become macrophages
What are macrophages?
Large phagocytes
-ac, -iac
Pertaining to
-al
Pertaining to
-ar
Pertaining to
-ary
Pertaining to
-eal
Pertaining to
-ic, -ical
Pertaining to
-ose
Pertaining to
-ous
Pertaining to
-tic
Pertaining to
-oid
Resembling
Mucoid
Resembles mucus
What does EMTs stand for?
Emergency Medical Technicians
Ischemic
Pertaining to a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ
Pericardial
Pertaining to the sac of tissue surrounding the heart
-icle, -ule, -ole
Small
-y
Condition or process
-plasia
Development, formation, or growth
Achondroplasia
A lack of cartilage growth which leads to abnormally short limbs
Cariomyopathy
The disease process of the heart muscle when a part of the myocardium becomes hypertrophied (thickened) without an obvious cause
-trophy
Development or nourishment
Hypertrophy
Excessive development
-trophy vs. -plasia
increase in size vs. increase in numbers
-poiesis
Formation or production
Myelopoisesis
The formation of bone marrow
Erythropoiesis
The production of red blood cells
-ectasia, -ectasis
A condition of expansion or dilation
-tropic
Changing
Lymphangiectasis
lymph/o + angi/o + -ectasis = the abnormal dilation of the lymph vessel
Telangiectasia
Complete dilation of vessels
-genesis
condition of producing or forming
-genic
Pertaining to producing, produced by, or in
-pathy
Disease condition
Carcinogenic
A substance that is capable of producing cancer
Carcinogenesis
The formation of cancer
-ia
Condition
-osis
Condition, usually abnormal
Leukocytosis
The abnormal condition of an elevated number of white blood cells in the blood
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal condition of fluid in the kidney
Hydronephrosis
The kidneys swell when the flow of urine becomes obstructed in any part of the urinary tract
Tachycardia
Increase, rapid heartbeats at more than 100 beats per minute (bpm)
Bradycardia
Decrease, slow heartbeat at fewer than 60 beats per minute (bpm)
What does ECG (or EKG) stand for?
Electrocardiograph
-emia
Blood condition
-uria
Urine condition
Arteriosclerosis
The hardening of on or more blood vessel
Anuria
Deficiency in urine production
Pneumonia
Lung condition
Angiogenesis
Condition of forming new blood vessels
Osteogenic
Pertaining to something produced by or in bone or that produces bone
Endocarditis
The inflammation of the endocardium and heart valves
-agora
Marketplace or gathering-
-penia
Deficiency
-phobia
Fear
Agoraphobia
Fear of crowded places
Acrophobia
Fear of heights
-algia
Pain
-dynia
Pain
Paroxysmal
Sudden, intense or recurring
Pleurodynia
Pain in the intercostal muscles
-megaly
Enlargement
Splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen which may be caused by high blood pressure
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver which may be caused by metabolic disorders, tumors, or infection
-edema
Swelling
Lymphedema
The swelling in an arm or leg caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system
Acromegaly
An endocrine disorder when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after puberty when the bones of the body have stopped growing but the bones and soft tissues in extremities continue to grow
-oma
Mass or tumor
-cele
Hernia
Encephelocele
Is a hernial protrusion of the brain through a congenital defect in the skull
Cystocele
Herniation of the bladder
Rectocele
Herniation of the rectum
-rrhea
Flow or discharge
-rrhagia
Hemorrhage
-rrhexis
Rupture
Hemorrhage
Suffering from a loss of a large amount of blood in a short period
Cystorrhexis
Ruptured bladder
Atheromas
Collections of plaque that protrude into the opening of an artery, weakening the muscle lining
Atherosclerosis
Is a form of arteriosclerosis in which atheromas are present
-malacia
Softening
-sclerosis
Hardening
-ptosis
Drooping, sagging, prolapse
Blepharoptosis
A drooping of the upper eyelid
-lysis
Breakdown, destruction, or separation
-logy
The study of
-er
means “the one who”
-ist
Denotes a specialist
Radiographer
The one who assists in making X-ray images
Radiologist
The physician who interprets X-ray images
Radiology
The study of X-ray images
-opsy
Process of viewing
-scopy
The process of a visual examination
-scope
Instrument that aids in the visual examination of something
Biopsy
Procedure where you remove living tissue to be examined under a microscope
Autopsy
Means the viewing of the self and is the medical term for the examination of the human body after death by a physician
Necropsy
When the corpse being examined is an animal the medical term is this
Laparoscopy
A visual examination of the internal structure of the abdomen
Laparoscope
The instrument used in the visual examination of the internal structure of the abdomen
Arthroscopy
A minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows a physician to view the inside of a joint
Arthroscope
The instrument used to view the inside of a joint
-gram
Record
-graph
Instrument for recording
-graphy
Process of recording
Angiography
The process of obtaining radiographic images of the blood vessels after a the injection of a contrasting dye
What does EEG stand for?
Electroencephalogram
What does TEE stand for?
Transesophageal Echocardiography
-therapy
Treatment
-plasty
Surgical repair
-tomy
Incision
Laparotomy
Incision along the abdomen for the purpose of examining the abdominal organs
Phlebotomy
The incision into a vein for the purpose of removing blood
-stomy
The opening to form a mouth
Tracheostomy
A surgically created hole in the front of neck and into the trachea for the insertion of a catheter or tube to facilitate breathing
Colonostomy
The creation of an artificial opening in the abdominal wall through which the contents of the colon can drain into a bag worn outside of the body
-ectomy
excision, removal, resection
-centesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid
Amniocentesis
is the surgical puncture to the amniotic sac to remove fluid of a pregnant women for the purpose of diagnostically testing the fetus
Atherectomy
The surgical removal of plaque through a catheter with a rotating shaver
-stasis
Controlling, stopping
Hemostasis
Your body’s ways of stopping bleeding and making a repair after injury
abdomin/o
Abdomen
acr/o
Extremities, top, extreme pointa
acu/o
Sharp, severe, sudden
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
axill/o
armpit
bi/o
life
blephar/o
eyelid
bronch/o
bronchial tubes(two tubes, on right and one left that branch from the trachea to enter the lungs)
carcin/o
cancer
cardi/o
heart
chem/o
drug, chemical
chondr/o
cartilage
chron/o
time
col/o
colon (large intestine)
cyst/o
urinary bladder
encephal/o
brain
erythr/o
red
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
hyrd/o
water, fluid
inguin/o
groin
isch/o
to hold back
lapar/o
abdomen, abdominal wall
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
leuk/o
white
lymph/o
lymph
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
morph/o
shape, form
muc/o
mucus
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
necr/o
death (of cells or whole body)
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
neutr/o
neutrophil (a white blood cell)
nucle/o
nucleus
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
path/o
disease
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
to eat, swallow
phleb/o
vein
plas/o
formation, development
pleur/o
pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall)
pneumon/o
lungs
pulmon/o
lungs
radi/o
x-rays
rect/o
rectum
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
splen/o
spleen
staphyl/o
clusters
strept/o
twisted chains
thorac/o
chest
thromb/o
clot
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
ven/o
vein
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
phalang/o
finger or toe
