Module 9

Question 0

Name the 3 layers of meninges

Answer 0

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

Question 1

What are meninges?

Answer 1

3 layers of connective tissue that protect and surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Which layer of connective tissue is the dura mater?

Answer 2

Outermost meningeal layer

Question 3

How many layers does the dura mater of the brain have?

Answer 3

Two layers

Question 4

Name the two layers of dura mater

Answer 4

Outer: periosteal (periosteum of skull)
Inner: “the flax” meningeal layer

Question 5

What is epidural space?

Answer 5

Space between outer dura and skull

Question 6

What is a extradural hemorrhage?

Answer 6

Bleeding in the epidural space

Question 7

What is subdural?

Answer 7

Space between inner dura (meningeal layer) and arachnoid

Question 8

Describe the location of the inner dura mater

Answer 8

Between cerebral hemisphere
Over the tentorium cerebelli
Between cerebellar hemisphere
Over the diaphragma sella

Question 9

What layer of connective tissue is the arachnoid layer?

Answer 9

The middle layer

Question 10

What is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 10

Space between pia and arachnoid

CONTAINS CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) and blood vessels

Question 11

What are trabeculae?

Answer 11

Thin strands of connective tissue WITHIN the subarachnoid space

Question 12

What are arachnoid villi?

Answer 12

Projections of arachnoid in the dural sinuses (blood vessel)

Question 13

What is the role of the arachnoid villi?

Answer 13

Pressure sensitive valves that open in ONLY ONE direction!

Release CSF from subarachnoid space into superior sagittal sinus

Question 14

Where’s do the arachnoid villi valves drain?

Answer 14

Into vascular system:

Releases CSF

Question 15

What is another name for arachnoid villi?

Answer 15

Arachnoid granulation

Question 16

What does subarachnoid space have in it?

Answer 16

CSF and blood vessels

Question 17

If the rupture of an aneurysm happens, which space would it typically occur in?

Answer 17

Subarachnoid space

Question 18

Which layer of connective tissue is the pia mater?

Answer 18

Innermost layer

Question 19

Which part of the spinal cord does the pia mater form?

Answer 19

Filum teminale

Question 20

What does the pia mater attach to?

Answer 20

The brain

Question 21

Which layer of the pia mater contains the blood vessels that nourish neural tissue?

Answer 21

The vascular layer

Question 22

How many dura mater layers does the spinal cord have?

Answer 22

One layer

Question 23

What does the dura merge with on the spinal cord?

Answer 23

The pia mater (film terminale)

FORMS coccygeal ligament

Question 24

Where do the arachnoid of the spinal cord extend to?

Answer 24

Cauda equina

Question 25

Name the 4 ventricles of the brain

Answer 25

(2) lateral Third ventricle Fourth ventricle

Question 26

Name the areas where CSF is located?

Answer 26

All ventricles | Subarachnoid space

Question 27

What is the actually weight of the brain? What is the weight of the brain while in CSF?

Answer 27

1400 g | 25 g

Question 28

What is choroid plexus?

Answer 28

Vessels composed on pia mater and ependymal tissue

Question 29

Where is the choroid plexus located?

Answer 29

Floor of the fourth ventricle | Roof of the 3rd and 4th ventricle

Question 30

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

Answer 30

Creates CSF | Maintains the chemical stability of the CSF

Question 31

Do all ventricles have choroid plexus?

Answer 31

YES!!

Question 32

TRUE/FALSE: Are both lateral ventricles in one hemisphere?

Answer 32

No! There's one lateral ventricle in each hemisphere

Question 33

What is ependyma?

Answer 33

Layer of glial tissue that lines the ventricles and central canal of the SC

Question 34

Name the 4 parts of the lateral ventricle (include the cerebral lobe associated with it)

Answer 34

``` Anterior horn (frontal lobe) Body (parietal lobe) Posterior horn (occipital lobe) Inferior horn (temporal lobe) ```

Question 35

Where is the third ventricle?

Answer 35

In the diencephalon | Between the thalami

Question 36

Which area does the third ventricle open to?

Answer 36

Cerebral aqueduct (connects 3rd and 4th ventricle)

Question 37

Which area does the 4th ventricle open to?

Answer 37

2 lateral foramina of Luschka | PUTS CSF into the subarachnoid space via the formen of the Magendie

Question 38

List the order of the CSF circulation

Answer 38

``` Lateral ventricles Formen of Monro Third ventricle Aqueduct of Sylvius Fourth ventricle Foramina of Luschka/Magendie Subarachnoid space (cisterna mag.) Cerebral and spinal circulation THEN IT HAPPENS ALL OVER AGAIN ```

Question 39

What is the volume of CSF in the ventricles compared to the subarachnoid space?

Answer 39

60 ml: ventricles | 90 ml: subarachnoid space

Question 40

How much CSF is formed a day?

Answer 40

500-700 ml

Question 41

Which is more; CSF pressure OR venous sinus pressure?

Answer 41

CSF pressure

Question 42

What happens if CSF is obstructed?

Answer 42

Increased intracranial pressure | Papilledema/choked disc

Question 43

When does hydrocephalus happen?

Answer 43

Dissociation between production and absorption rate of CSF

Question 44

What are the 3 types of hydrocephalus?

Answer 44

Obstructive Communicating Compensating

Question 45

What causes obstruction hydrocephalus?

Answer 45

Tumor Structural anomaly Inflammatory process Increases CSF volume/ pressure

Question 46

What causes communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 46

Problem with formation/absorption of CSF east flow to subarachnoid but blockage in the subarachnoid

Question 47

What causes compensating hydrocephalus?

Answer 47

Characteristic of dementia Enlarged ventricles and increased CSF volume

Question 48

How do you treat hydrocephalus?

Answer 48

Drain excess fluid | Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt