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Neuroanatomy > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

0
Q

Name the 3 layers of meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

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1
Q

What are meninges?

A

3 layers of connective tissue that protect and surround the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Which layer of connective tissue is the dura mater?

A

Outermost meningeal layer

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3
Q

How many layers does the dura mater of the brain have?

A

Two layers

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4
Q

Name the two layers of dura mater

A

Outer: periosteal (periosteum of skull)
Inner: “the flax” meningeal layer

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5
Q

What is epidural space?

A

Space between outer dura and skull

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6
Q

What is a extradural hemorrhage?

A

Bleeding in the epidural space

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7
Q

What is subdural?

A

Space between inner dura (meningeal layer) and arachnoid

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8
Q

Describe the location of the inner dura mater

A

Between cerebral hemisphere
Over the tentorium cerebelli
Between cerebellar hemisphere
Over the diaphragma sella

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9
Q

What layer of connective tissue is the arachnoid layer?

A

The middle layer

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10
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Space between pia and arachnoid

CONTAINS CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) and blood vessels

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11
Q

What are trabeculae?

A

Thin strands of connective tissue WITHIN the subarachnoid space

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12
Q

What are arachnoid villi?

A

Projections of arachnoid in the dural sinuses (blood vessel)

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13
Q

What is the role of the arachnoid villi?

A

Pressure sensitive valves that open in ONLY ONE direction!

Release CSF from subarachnoid space into superior sagittal sinus

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14
Q

Where’s do the arachnoid villi valves drain?

A

Into vascular system:

Releases CSF

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15
Q

What is another name for arachnoid villi?

A

Arachnoid granulation

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16
Q

What does subarachnoid space have in it?

A

CSF and blood vessels

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17
Q

If the rupture of an aneurysm happens, which space would it typically occur in?

A

Subarachnoid space

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18
Q

Which layer of connective tissue is the pia mater?

A

Innermost layer

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19
Q

Which part of the spinal cord does the pia mater form?

A

Filum teminale

20
Q

What does the pia mater attach to?

A

The brain

21
Q

Which layer of the pia mater contains the blood vessels that nourish neural tissue?

A

The vascular layer

22
Q

How many dura mater layers does the spinal cord have?

A

One layer

23
Q

What does the dura merge with on the spinal cord?

A

The pia mater (film terminale)

FORMS coccygeal ligament

24
Q

Where do the arachnoid of the spinal cord extend to?

A

Cauda equina

25
Q

Name the 4 ventricles of the brain

A

(2) lateral
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

26
Q

Name the areas where CSF is located?

A

All ventricles

Subarachnoid space

27
Q

What is the actually weight of the brain? What is the weight of the brain while in CSF?

A

1400 g

25 g

28
Q

What is choroid plexus?

A

Vessels composed on pia mater and ependymal tissue

29
Q

Where is the choroid plexus located?

A

Floor of the fourth ventricle

Roof of the 3rd and 4th ventricle

30
Q

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

A

Creates CSF

Maintains the chemical stability of the CSF

31
Q

Do all ventricles have choroid plexus?

A

YES!!

32
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Are both lateral ventricles in one hemisphere?

A

No! There’s one lateral ventricle in each hemisphere

33
Q

What is ependyma?

A

Layer of glial tissue that lines the ventricles and central canal of the SC

34
Q

Name the 4 parts of the lateral ventricle (include the cerebral lobe associated with it)

A 
Anterior horn (frontal lobe) 
Body (parietal lobe) 
Posterior horn (occipital lobe) 
Inferior horn (temporal lobe)
35
Q

Where is the third ventricle?

A

In the diencephalon

Between the thalami

36
Q

Which area does the third ventricle open to?

A

Cerebral aqueduct (connects 3rd and 4th ventricle)

37
Q

Which area does the 4th ventricle open to?

A

2 lateral foramina of Luschka

PUTS CSF into the subarachnoid space via the formen of the Magendie

38
Q

List the order of the CSF circulation

A 
Lateral ventricles
Formen of Monro
Third ventricle
Aqueduct of Sylvius
Fourth ventricle 
Foramina of Luschka/Magendie
Subarachnoid space (cisterna mag.)
Cerebral and spinal circulation 
THEN IT HAPPENS ALL OVER AGAIN
39
Q

What is the volume of CSF in the ventricles compared to the subarachnoid space?

A

60 ml: ventricles

90 ml: subarachnoid space

40
Q

How much CSF is formed a day?

A

500-700 ml

41
Q

Which is more; CSF pressure OR venous sinus pressure?

A

CSF pressure

42
Q

What happens if CSF is obstructed?

A

Increased intracranial pressure

Papilledema/choked disc

43
Q

When does hydrocephalus happen?

A

Dissociation between production and absorption rate of CSF

44
Q

What are the 3 types of hydrocephalus?

A

Obstructive
Communicating
Compensating

45
Q

What causes obstruction hydrocephalus?

A

Tumor
Structural anomaly
Inflammatory process

Increases CSF volume/ pressure

46
Q

What causes communicating hydrocephalus?

A

Problem with formation/absorption of CSF

east flow to subarachnoid but blockage in the subarachnoid

47
Q

What causes compensating hydrocephalus?

A

Characteristic of dementia

Enlarged ventricles and increased CSF volume

48
Q

How do you treat hydrocephalus?

A

Drain excess fluid

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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