Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Name the 3 groups of white matter fibers also know as the medullary core

A

Projection
Association
Commissural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Where is white matter found?

A

In all areas of the cerebrum

EXCEPT the cortex and basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the projection group

A

Group of white matter pathway
Vertically organized
Connects the cortex to the Brainstem and spinal cord
Carries sensory and motor information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the association group

A

Group of white matter pathway
Interconnects cortical area
Run within same hemisphere
Horizontally organized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the commissural group

A

Group of white matter pathway
Interconnect cortical areas
Runs BETWEEN two hemispheres
Horizontally organized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the groups of white matter pathways?

A

Informs brain on activity in and out of CNS
mediate info transfer between modalities
Coordinate activities between hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are gross anatomy structures paired?

A

Bilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pyramidal pathway?

A 
Major Motor projection system
Pyramidal tract (direct motor pathway)
Voluntary motor pathway
Initiation & control of skilled movements
Goes from the cortex to BS & SC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the pyramidal tract include?

A

Corticospinal

Corticobulbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do the pyramidal tract originate from?

A

Primary motor cortex: 30%
Motor association cortex: 30%
Somatosensory cortex: 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the corticospinal pathway

A 
Cortex to spinal cord motor nuclei
Inner bates skeletal muscles of limbs
Carries motor commands 
Runs from cortex to spinal cord
Carrie motor commands from cortex to SC motor neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the decussation of the pyramids happen?

A

Lower medulla
Lateral corticospinal crossed (90%)
Anterior corticospinal uncrossed (10%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the corticobulbar pathway

A

Runs from cortex to BS cranial nerves motor neuron nuclei
Innervates the speech muscles
Carries motor commands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the decussation of the corticobulbar pathway happen?

A

*TRICK QUESTION**
This pathway has no major decussation
Neurons exit at various levels
Neurons exit pathway then cross to motor nucleus
Predominately contralateral innervation to speech muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of neurons does the pyramidal tracts have?

A

Upper motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the significance of the UMN?

A

Run from cortex to motor neuron cell body in the BS/SC

Within CNS but influence LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the significance of them LMN?

A

A peripheral motor neuron
Cell body in the BS/SC
Sends axons out to the muscles it serves
“The final common path”
Includes spinal and cranial motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do the projection pathways reach different areas?

A

Through levels of the pyramidal tract:
Corona radiata
Internal capsule
Cerebral peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the corona radiata?

A 
Radiating projection system
Contains sensory/motor pathways
Between cortex and internal capsule
Diverges above
Converges below
19
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Bundle of nerve fibers
Same level of diencephalon
Both sensory/motor pathways
Part of continuous sheet of fibers to/from cerebral cortex

20
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the internal capsule?

A

Anterior limb
Knee (genu)
Posterior limb

21
Q

What is the function of the anterior limb of IC?

A

Carries motor data

Carries affective and emotional data

22
Q

Which pathways are used to carry motor data of the anterior limb?

A

Frontopontine (cortex to pons)

Corticostriate (cortex to BC/striatum)

23
Q

Describe the genu knee of IC

A

Corticobulbar pathway (cortex to BS cranial nerve nuclei & motor commands for speech)

Corticoreticular pathway

24
Q

What is the corticoreticular pathway?

A

Cortex to BS reticular formation

Arousal and alertness

25
Q

Describe the posterior limb IC: Motor

A

Corticospinal path
Innervates limb and trunk muscles
Travels through rostral end of Posterior limb

26
Q

Describe the posterior limb IC: sensory

A

Project first to thalamus
Travel thru caudal end of post. Limb
Carry general/special sensory
Corticopontine projections

27
Q

Do ALL of the pathways to/from IC go through corona radiata?

A

True

28
Q

What is the area below the IC?

A

Cerebral peduncles
A.k.a crus cerebri
A.k.a pea pedunculi

29
Q

What is a projection system?

A

A continuous pathway
Level of lesion significant (outcomes)
Motor and sensory components

30
Q

Name the 2 smaller white matter capsules

A

External capsule

Extreme capsule

31
Q

What are association pathways?

A

Connect areas within the same hemisphere
Gives bidirectional communication between cortical areas
Have: long and short groups

32
Q

Name the 4 important association pathways

A

Arcuate fasciculus
Inferior occipital fasciculus
Uncinate fasciculus
Cingulum

33
Q

What is the function of the arcuate fasciculus?

A

Interconnects all of the cortices of the 4 main lobes (fron, par, occ, temp)
Connects wernicke’s area and Broca’s area

34
Q

What is conduction aphasia?

A

Disconnection syndrome (arcuate syndrome)
Posterior disconnected from anterior areas (wernickes/ Broca’s areas disconnect)
Good comprehension, reduced and impaired speech output

35
Q

What is the function of the inferior occipital fasciculus?

A

Connects frontal lobe to occipital lobe and to inferior temporal lobes
Crosses below lateral sulcus

36
Q

What is the function of the uncinate fasciculus?

A

Connect orbital frontal with anterior temporal lobe cortex

37
Q

What is the function of the cingulum?

A

Connects frontal, parietal and temporal areas with limbic lobe
Follows cingulate gyrus
Lesions impair emotion and affective behavior

38
Q

Describe commissural pathways

A

Travel between hemispheres (interhemispheric pathways)
Connect homologous structures in each hemisphere
Makes bidirectional communication

39
Q

Name the 3 brain commissures

A

Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure
Posterior commissure

40
Q

What are the parts of the corpus callosum?

A

Rostrum (frontal areas)
Genu (frontal areas)
Body (parietal areas)
Splenium (visual areas)

41
Q

Lesions to the corpus callosum cause…

A

Communication impairment and coordination between hemispheres
Impact depends in location of lesion
Sectioning prevents spreading of seizures from one hemisphere to the other

42
Q

What is the anterior commissure?

A

Interconnects temporal lobes

Anterior to thalamus

43
Q

What is the posterior commissure?

A

Involved with midbrain visual (pupillary) reflexes

Posterior to thalamus

44
Q

White Matter forms what part of the brain?

A

Medullary core

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions