Module 5 Flashcards
BG is a part of which system?
Extrapyramidal system
Where’s the basal ganglia located?
Within CNS
What is the extrapyramidal system?
Indirect motor system
Multi synapsing link to LMN
CONNECTS via other neurons NEVER directly
What are the functions of the BG?
Background motor activity
Posture
Muscle tone
Integration of motor activity
What is the BG function with the pyramidal system?
Helps to refine the cortical directives to the lower motor neurons
BG lesions cause what type of movements?
Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic
What are the structures of the BG?
Globus pallidus Putamen Caudate Sustantia Nigra Subthalamus/ subthalamic nucleus
The globus pallidus and putamen make up which structure?
Lenticular nucleus
The putamen and caudate make up which structure?
Striatum
The globus pallidus, putamen and caudate make up which structure?
Corpus striatum
Which additional structure is including in the striatum and what does it do?
Nucleus accumbiems
Links to the limbic system
The nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus play a role is which function?
Planning and integrating movements ASSOCIATED with motivational and emotional stimuli
Name the three BG input/output roles
Input BG nuclei
Output BG nuclei
Intrinsic BG nuclei
Describe the input BG nuclei?
Excitatory
Input received from striatum
MAIN input comes from massive projections of the cerebral cortex
Use glumate as transmitter
Describe the output BG nuclei?
Inhibitory
Sent to motor nuclei of the thalamus
BG DOES NOT project to BS/SC
Uses GABA transmitter
What does the input BG nuclei include?
Striatum
Putamen/caudate/accumbens
What does the output include?
Globus pallidus (rest of the body) substantia Nigra (head and neck)
Describe the intrinsic BG nuclei
Includes everything EXCEPT striatum Link input to output Has two pathways: Indirect Direct
What is the function of the caudate nucleus?
Controls gross bodily movement; conscious/unconscious
What is the function of the putamen?
Helps execute highly complex movement patterns
Technical/athletic
What is the function of the globus pallidus?
Controls background positioning at outset of complex movements
(Posture for tennis etc.)
What is the function of the substantial nigra?
Muscle tone
Movement smoothing
Main output for dopamine
(Cause Parkinson’s)
What is the function of the subthalamic nucleus?
Walking and rhythmic movements
Lesion to the extra pyramidal system result in what type of disorder?
Dyskinesia
Does BG have a role is cognition?
YES!!