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Neuroanatomy > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

0
Q

BG is a part of which system?

A

Extrapyramidal system

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1
Q

Where’s the basal ganglia located?

A

Within CNS

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2
Q

What is the extrapyramidal system?

A

Indirect motor system
Multi synapsing link to LMN
CONNECTS via other neurons NEVER directly

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3
Q

What are the functions of the BG?

A

Background motor activity
Posture
Muscle tone
Integration of motor activity

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4
Q

What is the BG function with the pyramidal system?

A

Helps to refine the cortical directives to the lower motor neurons

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5
Q

BG lesions cause what type of movements?

A

Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic

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6
Q

What are the structures of the BG?

A 
Globus pallidus 
Putamen
Caudate 
Sustantia Nigra
Subthalamus/ subthalamic nucleus
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7
Q

The globus pallidus and putamen make up which structure?

A

Lenticular nucleus

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8
Q

The putamen and caudate make up which structure?

A

Striatum

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9
Q

The globus pallidus, putamen and caudate make up which structure?

A

Corpus striatum

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10
Q

Which additional structure is including in the striatum and what does it do?

A

Nucleus accumbiems

Links to the limbic system

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11
Q

The nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus play a role is which function?

A

Planning and integrating movements ASSOCIATED with motivational and emotional stimuli

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12
Q

Name the three BG input/output roles

A

Input BG nuclei
Output BG nuclei
Intrinsic BG nuclei

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13
Q

Describe the input BG nuclei?

A

Excitatory
Input received from striatum
MAIN input comes from massive projections of the cerebral cortex
Use glumate as transmitter

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14
Q

Describe the output BG nuclei?

A

Inhibitory
Sent to motor nuclei of the thalamus
BG DOES NOT project to BS/SC
Uses GABA transmitter

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15
Q

What does the input BG nuclei include?

A

Striatum

Putamen/caudate/accumbens

16
Q

What does the output include?

A 
Globus pallidus (rest of the body) 
substantia Nigra (head and neck)
17
Q

Describe the intrinsic BG nuclei

A 
Includes everything EXCEPT striatum
Link input to output
Has two pathways:
Indirect
Direct
18
Q

What is the function of the caudate nucleus?

A

Controls gross bodily movement; conscious/unconscious

19
Q

What is the function of the putamen?

A

Helps execute highly complex movement patterns

Technical/athletic

20
Q

What is the function of the globus pallidus?

A

Controls background positioning at outset of complex movements
(Posture for tennis etc.)

21
Q

What is the function of the substantial nigra?

A

Muscle tone
Movement smoothing
Main output for dopamine
(Cause Parkinson’s)

22
Q

What is the function of the subthalamic nucleus?

A

Walking and rhythmic movements

23
Q

Lesion to the extra pyramidal system result in what type of disorder?

A

Dyskinesia

24
Q

Does BG have a role is cognition?

A

YES!!

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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