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Neuroanatomy > Module 7 > Flashcards

Module 7 Flashcards

0
Q

What does the brainstem connect?

A

Hemispheres
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
WITH THE spinal cord

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1
Q

What is considered the CORE of the brain?

A

Brainstem

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2
Q

What are the three divisions of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Pons (metencephalon)
Medulla (myelencephalon)

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3
Q

What are the roles of the brainstem?

A

Provides transit for ascending and descending pathways

Regulates vital functions of the body

Subserves cranial nerves functions; house CN nuclei

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4
Q

Describe the transit role of the brainstem

A 
Sensory signals from SC to thalamus
Motor signal from cortex to SC
Connects:
Cerebellum and cerebrum (superiorly) 
Cerebellum and SC (posteriorly)
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5
Q

Describe the vital functions of the brainstem

A

Respiration/Arterial pressure/Heart beat/Equilibrium

Determines level of activity of cerebrum

Determined arousal levels

Controls sleep/wake cycles

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6
Q

What type of CN does the BS house and what are their CN Functions?

A

Sensory nuclei of termination

Motor nuclei of origin

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7
Q

What are the four regions of the brainstem?

A 
Roof (dorsal/post.)
Basilar portion (ventral/ant.) 
Tegmentum (core/central)
Ventricular cavities (midline/post.)
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8
Q

What are the two ways you can view the brainstem?

A

Ventral

Lateral

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9
Q

Where is the roof and what is it comprised of?

In the midbrain…

A

The tectum in the midbrain

Comprised of:
Superior colliculi (vision)
Inferior colliculi (audition)
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10
Q

Where is the roof at the pons level?

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

Where is the roof in the lower pons, medulla?

A

Floor of the 4th ventricle

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12
Q

What is the basilar portion (ventral view) comprised of?

A

Cerebral peduncles (midbrain)
Pons (ventral)
Pyramids (medulla)

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13
Q

Which region is considered the core of the brainstem?

A

Tegmentum

Extends through the entire dorsal of the brainstem (midbrain/pons/medulla)

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14
Q

What does the central tegmental tract carry?

A

Sensory and motor pathways

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15
Q

Which two structures in the tegmentum are related on the BG?

A

Red nucleus and substantia nigra

16
Q

What comprises the ventricular cavity?

A

Cerebral aqueduct (connect 3rd/4th ventricle)

17
Q

What are the divisions of the brainstem?

A

External landmarks

Internal structures

18
Q

What external landmarks are on the (ventral) side of the midbrain?

A

Cerebral peduncles

Optic tract/chiasm

19
Q

What landmarks are on the (dorsal) side of the midbrain?

A

Corpora quadrigemina
(Superior colliculi/ inferior colliculi)

Superior/inferior brachia
(Connects colliculi with thalamus)

Superior cerebellar peduncles

20
Q

What does the pons form?

A

Basilar part of metencephalon

21
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Provides transit for ascending and descending sensory/motor pathways

Contains corticopontine fibers

22
Q

Which CN nuclei are located on the pons?

A

V- touch and proprioception from face/head

VI- abducens (motor for eye movement

VII- facial / taste (back of tongue)

VIII- vestibulocochlear (hearing/balance

23
Q

Where do the CN exit from the pons?

A

V- mid-pons (lateral)

VI- pons-medulla (ventral)

VII- pons-medulla (ventrolateral)

VIII- pons-medulla (ventrolateral)

24
Q

What is at the lowest brainstem level/division?

A

Medulla

25
Q

Describe the medulla

A

Forms the myelencephalon

Choroid plexus in floor of 4th ventricle forms the roof of the medulla

26
Q

What are some external landmarks in the medulla?

A

Pyramids (basilar portion)
Olives (anterolateral portion)

4 CN exit from medulla

27
Q

Which CN exit from the medulla?

A

IX

X

XI

XII

28
Q

What is the function of the olives on the medulla?

A

Serves motor function

Input from BG/SC
Output to cerebellum

29
Q

What are some internal structures within the medulla?

A

Ascending sensory and descending motor pathways

4th ventricle (roof)

Reticular formation

CN nuclei

Spinal sensory nuclei associated with medial lemniscus pathway

30
Q

Name the nuclei of the medulla

A 
XI
X
XI
XII
spinal nucleus of CN V (pain/temp. H/f)
Solitary nucleus (taste from VII/ cough reflex from X/ gag response from IX, X)
31
Q

What is unique about the reticular formation?

A

Phylogenetically old
Comprised of core nuclei (dispersed through tegmentum)
Divided into 3 zones

32
Q

What is the purpose of the central tegmental tract and RF?

A

RF integrates sensory/motor inputs from spinal/cranial nerves/cerebrum/cerebellum

Organization of RF Nuclei/pathways allows it to project to ALL levels of SC/brains

Contains pain pathway/ motor pathways and ascending reticular activating system

33
Q

What are the functions of the reticular formation?

A

Modulates awareness and controls level of alertness

Maintains brains homeostasis

Helps in regulations of body functions and behaviors

34
Q

Lesions to the midbrain and diencephalon result in what?

A

Coma

35
Q

Lesions to pontine RF result in what?

A

Constant wakefulness (very rare)

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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