Module 17

Question 0

Name the two types of tongue?

Answer 0

Oral (voluntary)

Pharyngeal (involuntary)

Question 1

What are the 5 parts of the tongue (in order)

Answer 1

1. Tip
2. Blade
3. Front
4. Center
5. Back

Question 2

Name the oral cavity structures

Answer 2

Lips
Cheeks
Mandible
Floor of mouth
Soft palate/uvula
Hard palate
Teeth 
Tongue
Anterior/posterior pillars

Question 3

What is the role of the VP closure?

Answer 3

Pharyngeal stage of swallowing: prevent reflux into the nose

Question 4

What is the role of the velum lowering?

Answer 4

Role in swallowing: oral stage- contains bolus orally

Question 5

What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Answer 5

Superior
Middle
Inferior

Question 6

Where is the glossopharyngeus muscle and what does it do?

Answer 6

Inferior to superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

Role in pharyngeal stage: tongue retraction

Question 7

Where is the cricopharygeus muscle and what does it do?

Answer 7

Inferior to the inferior constrictor muscle

FORMS esophageal valve (UES/ PE sphincter)

CONTRACTED at rest/ opens during swallowing

Question 8

What is pharyngeal recess?

Answer 8

Valleculae + pyriform sinuses

AKA side pockets

Food may remain after swallowing as residue

Question 9

Name the internal structures of the larynx

Answer 9

Aditus
Superior vestibule 
Ventricle 
False vocal folds
True vocal folds
Inferior vestibule

Question 10

What are the cartilage of the larynx?

Answer 10

Thyroid
Arytenoid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

Question 11

What are the four stages of swallow?

Answer 11

Oral prep stage
Oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage

Question 12

What are two stages of the oral prep?

Answer 12

Initial transport; moving food posteriorly

Reduction: bolus chewed until small pieces

Question 13

What is the major difference between the oral prep stage and oral stage?

Answer 13

Interoral pressure increased

Soft palate is lowered and sealed against tongue (ORAL PREP. Larynx/pharynx at rest)

Question 14

How long is the oral stage?

Answer 14

1.5 seconds

Question 15

When is the triggering of pharyngeal swallow?

Answer 15

During the pharyngeal stage

WHEN bolus reaches tongue-mandible intersect

Question 16

What happens during pharyngeal stage?

Answer 16

VP closure
Hyoid/larynx moves up and forward
Epiglottis goes over airway
Larynx closes
Tongue retracts 
Pharyngeal contraction initiated (goes down to esophagus)
UES opens. Bolus goes to esophagus

Question 17

During the pharyngeal stage, what 3 points does the larynx close?

Answer 17

False VF
True VF
superior vestibule

Question 18

What happens during esophageal stage?

Answer 18

Bolus goes from UES to LES
Larynx lowers
Respiration resumes

Question 19

How long is the esophageal stage last?

Answer 19

Between 8-20 seconds

Question 20

What does penetration mean?

Answer 20

Entry of food/liquid into larynx ABOVE true vocal folds

Question 21

What does aspiration mean?

Answer 21

Entry of food/liquid BELOW true vocal folds

Question 22

What does residue mean?

Answer 22

Food that gets trapped in sinuses/vacculae during swallow (pocketed)

Food left in mouth/pharynx after swallow

Question 23

What is reflux?

Answer 23

When food/liquid travels BACK from esophagus to pharynx OR

pharynx to larynx/nasal cavity

Question 24

Describe FEES

Answer 24

Good for looking at anatomy
Examine laryngeal penetration/function
Can see airway closure

GOOD for airway closure/feedback
No radiation

Question 25

What are the limitations of FEEs?

Answer 25

CAN NOT see oral stage or actual swallow

Invasive

Question 26

What are the limitations of the VFL (video fluoroscopy)

Answer 26

Radiation

Question 27

Why is VFL the most useful?

Answer 27

See all phases of swallow
Uses measured amounts of liquid
Identify aspiration
Determine best/safe feeding method