Module 17 Flashcards

0
Q

Name the two types of tongue?

A

Oral (voluntary)

Pharyngeal (involuntary)

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1
Q

What are the 5 parts of the tongue (in order)

A
  1. Tip
  2. Blade
  3. Front
  4. Center
  5. Back
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2
Q

Name the oral cavity structures

A
Lips
Cheeks
Mandible
Floor of mouth
Soft palate/uvula
Hard palate
Teeth 
Tongue
Anterior/posterior pillars
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3
Q

What is the role of the VP closure?

A

Pharyngeal stage of swallowing: prevent reflux into the nose

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4
Q

What is the role of the velum lowering?

A

Role in swallowing: oral stage- contains bolus orally

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5
Q

What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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6
Q

Where is the glossopharyngeus muscle and what does it do?

A

Inferior to superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

Role in pharyngeal stage: tongue retraction

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7
Q

Where is the cricopharygeus muscle and what does it do?

A

Inferior to the inferior constrictor muscle

FORMS esophageal valve (UES/ PE sphincter)

CONTRACTED at rest/ opens during swallowing

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8
Q

What is pharyngeal recess?

A

Valleculae + pyriform sinuses

AKA side pockets

Food may remain after swallowing as residue

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9
Q

Name the internal structures of the larynx

A
Aditus
Superior vestibule 
Ventricle 
False vocal folds
True vocal folds
Inferior vestibule
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10
Q

What are the cartilage of the larynx?

A

Thyroid
Arytenoid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

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11
Q

What are the four stages of swallow?

A

Oral prep stage
Oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage

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12
Q

What are two stages of the oral prep?

A

Initial transport; moving food posteriorly

Reduction: bolus chewed until small pieces

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13
Q

What is the major difference between the oral prep stage and oral stage?

A

Interoral pressure increased

Soft palate is lowered and sealed against tongue (ORAL PREP. Larynx/pharynx at rest)

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14
Q

How long is the oral stage?

A

1.5 seconds

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15
Q

When is the triggering of pharyngeal swallow?

A

During the pharyngeal stage

WHEN bolus reaches tongue-mandible intersect

16
Q

What happens during pharyngeal stage?

A
VP closure
Hyoid/larynx moves up and forward
Epiglottis goes over airway
Larynx closes
Tongue retracts 
Pharyngeal contraction initiated (goes down to esophagus)
UES opens. Bolus goes to esophagus
17
Q

During the pharyngeal stage, what 3 points does the larynx close?

A

False VF
True VF
superior vestibule

18
Q

What happens during esophageal stage?

A

Bolus goes from UES to LES
Larynx lowers
Respiration resumes

19
Q

How long is the esophageal stage last?

A

Between 8-20 seconds

20
Q

What does penetration mean?

A

Entry of food/liquid into larynx ABOVE true vocal folds

21
Q

What does aspiration mean?

A

Entry of food/liquid BELOW true vocal folds

22
Q

What does residue mean?

A

Food that gets trapped in sinuses/vacculae during swallow (pocketed)

Food left in mouth/pharynx after swallow

23
Q

What is reflux?

A

When food/liquid travels BACK from esophagus to pharynx OR

pharynx to larynx/nasal cavity

24
Describe FEES
Good for looking at anatomy Examine laryngeal penetration/function Can see airway closure GOOD for airway closure/feedback No radiation
25
What are the limitations of FEEs?
CAN NOT see oral stage or actual swallow Invasive
26
What are the limitations of the VFL (video fluoroscopy)
Radiation
27
Why is VFL the most useful?
See all phases of swallow Uses measured amounts of liquid Identify aspiration Determine best/safe feeding method