Module 17 Flashcards
Name the two types of tongue?
Oral (voluntary)
Pharyngeal (involuntary)
What are the 5 parts of the tongue (in order)
- Tip
- Blade
- Front
- Center
- Back
Name the oral cavity structures
Lips Cheeks Mandible Floor of mouth Soft palate/uvula Hard palate Teeth Tongue Anterior/posterior pillars
What is the role of the VP closure?
Pharyngeal stage of swallowing: prevent reflux into the nose
What is the role of the velum lowering?
Role in swallowing: oral stage- contains bolus orally
What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
Where is the glossopharyngeus muscle and what does it do?
Inferior to superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Role in pharyngeal stage: tongue retraction
Where is the cricopharygeus muscle and what does it do?
Inferior to the inferior constrictor muscle
FORMS esophageal valve (UES/ PE sphincter)
CONTRACTED at rest/ opens during swallowing
What is pharyngeal recess?
Valleculae + pyriform sinuses
AKA side pockets
Food may remain after swallowing as residue
Name the internal structures of the larynx
Aditus Superior vestibule Ventricle False vocal folds True vocal folds Inferior vestibule
What are the cartilage of the larynx?
Thyroid
Arytenoid
Cricoid
Epiglottis
What are the four stages of swallow?
Oral prep stage
Oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage
What are two stages of the oral prep?
Initial transport; moving food posteriorly
Reduction: bolus chewed until small pieces
What is the major difference between the oral prep stage and oral stage?
Interoral pressure increased
Soft palate is lowered and sealed against tongue (ORAL PREP. Larynx/pharynx at rest)
How long is the oral stage?
1.5 seconds
When is the triggering of pharyngeal swallow?
During the pharyngeal stage
WHEN bolus reaches tongue-mandible intersect
What happens during pharyngeal stage?
VP closure Hyoid/larynx moves up and forward Epiglottis goes over airway Larynx closes Tongue retracts Pharyngeal contraction initiated (goes down to esophagus) UES opens. Bolus goes to esophagus
During the pharyngeal stage, what 3 points does the larynx close?
False VF
True VF
superior vestibule
What happens during esophageal stage?
Bolus goes from UES to LES
Larynx lowers
Respiration resumes
How long is the esophageal stage last?
Between 8-20 seconds
What does penetration mean?
Entry of food/liquid into larynx ABOVE true vocal folds
What does aspiration mean?
Entry of food/liquid BELOW true vocal folds
What does residue mean?
Food that gets trapped in sinuses/vacculae during swallow (pocketed)
Food left in mouth/pharynx after swallow
What is reflux?
When food/liquid travels BACK from esophagus to pharynx OR
pharynx to larynx/nasal cavity
Describe FEES
Good for looking at anatomy
Examine laryngeal penetration/function
Can see airway closure
GOOD for airway closure/feedback
No radiation
What are the limitations of FEEs?
CAN NOT see oral stage or actual swallow
Invasive
What are the limitations of the VFL (video fluoroscopy)
Radiation
Why is VFL the most useful?
See all phases of swallow
Uses measured amounts of liquid
Identify aspiration
Determine best/safe feeding method
