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Neuroanatomy > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

0
Q

Based on the tentorium, the diencephalon and midbrain are where?

A

Diencephalon :supratentorial

Midbrain: infratentorial

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1
Q

Name the roof of the cerebellum

A

Tentorium

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2
Q

Which fossa does the cerebellum rest in?

A

Posterior

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3
Q

What makes the roof of the brainstem?

A

The cerebellum

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4
Q

What is the major role of the cerebellum?

A

Grand coordinator of movement

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5
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Motor coordination
Muscle tone
Balance

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6
Q

What type of input does the cerebellum process?

A

Processes unconscious sensory input related to ongoing motor activity

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7
Q

Where does the input come from that the cerebellum processes?

A

Vestibular system
Muscle receptors (stretch and tension within the muscle)
Primary auditory/visual receptors
General sensors in head and body

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8
Q

What are the three major gross anatomy structures of the cerebellum?

A

Cortex
White matter
Deep nuclei

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9
Q

Name the 3 layers of the cortex

A

Molecular
Purkinje
Granular

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10
Q

Which layer of cortex is different from the rest?

A

The granular

It’s the only excitatory layer

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11
Q

What type of fiber pathways does the white matter core have?

A

Projecting TO and FROM the cerebellum

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12
Q

How thick is the cortex of the cerebellum?

A

3-5 mm

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13
Q

Where are the deep nuclei located?

A

Inside of the white matter

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14
Q

Name the 4 deep nuclei

A

Dentate
Fastigial
Globose
Emboliform

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15
Q

What three cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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16
Q

What type of nucleus does the globose and emboliform make?

A

Interposed nucleus

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17
Q

What does the superior peduncle do?

A

Connects cerebellum to midbrain

Efferent fibers FROM cerebellum GO TO BS and THALAMUS

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18
Q

What does the middle peduncle do?

A

Connect cerebellum WITH pons

afferent fiber FROM pons TO cerebellum

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19
Q

What does the inferior peduncle do?

A

Connects cerebellum WITH medulla

afferent AND efferent fibers TO/FROM cerebellum

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20
Q

Does the cerebellum initiate movement?

A

NO

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21
Q

Which pathways control joint position, muscle contraction and tone? And how does it enter the cerebellum?

A

Spinocerebellar pathway

ENTERS through superior and inferior peduncle

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22
Q

Which pathway controls the body’s balance/equilibrium? How does it enter the cerebellum?

A

Vestibulocerebellar

ENTERS through inferior peduncle

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23
Q

Which pathway controls the motor commands/ information to muscles? How does it enter?

A

Corticopontocerebellar

ENTERS through middle peduncle

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24
True/False: does the feedback mechanism involve the deep nuclei?
TRUE
25
How are the hemispheres organized?
Longitudinally
26
Name the two hemispheres and the middle structure
Vermis | Lateral (2)
27
How many lobes are in each hemisphere? How are they organized?
3 | Horizontally
28
How many zone relate to the deep nuclei? How are they organized?
3 Mediolateral
29
What does the vermis (midline structure) deal with?
Controlling muscles of axial body Shoulders Neck Trunk Hips
30
What are the sections of the Inferior vermis?
Nodule Uvulus Pyramid Tuber
31
What do the lateral hemisphere have reciprocal connections to?
Motor association area (4/6) Somasensory areas (3-1-2/ 5) Via the corticopontine
32
Name the 3 lobes of the lateral hemispheres
Flocculonodular (inferior lobe) Middle lobe Anterior lobe
33
Which fissure divides the flocculus from the middle lobe?
Posterolateral fissure
34
What are two names for the Flocculonodular lobe?
Archicerebellum | Vestibulocerebellum
35
What is the role of the archicerebellum?
Regulates muscle tone, posture and balance/control of eye movements
36
Which two parts of the inferior vermis are in the vestibulocerebellum?
Uvula | Nodular
37
What are the other two names for the anterior lobe?
Paleocerebellum | Spinocerebellum
38
Which fissure divides the anterior and middle lobes?
Primary fissure
39
What is the function of the paleocerebellum?
Regulates muscle tone INPUT from head, face and limbs
40
What are the two names for the middle lobe?
Neocerebellum | Pontocerebellum
41
What is the role of the middle lobe?
Motor coordination Voluntary muscle activity (planning) RECIPROCAL contralateral connections
42
Name the 3 zones
Median zone Intermediate Lateral
43
What do all of the zones have? | (HINT) structures of the cerebellum
Cortex White matter Deep nuclei
44
Which deep nuclei are in the median zone aka vermal zone? What is the vermal zones role?
Fastigial nucleus which OUTPUTS to LMN axial body Role in movements of axial body
45
Which deep nuclei are in the intermediate aka the paramedian zone?
Interposed nuclei (globose + emboliform)
46
What is the function of the paramedian zone?
Controls muscle contractions in distal portions (upper/lower) limbs
47
Which deep nuclei are in the hemispheric zone?
Dentate
48
What is the function of the hemisphere zone?
Coordination of sequential movements, motor sequences, learning of complex motor sequences
49
Does the cerebellum have a topographical representation?
Yes!!
50
Name the two types of cerebellar homunculus?
Axial body parts :vermis | Limbs and face: intermediate
51
Are there more afferent neurons or efferent neurons?
Afferents | 40:1
52
Name the two types of afferent neurons in the cerebellum?
Climbing | Mossy
53
What do the climbing afferent a do?
Excitatory input to purkinje cells
54
What do the mossy afferents do?
Excitatory input to granule cells
55
Where do the climbing afferent originate from?
Inferior olives
56
Where do the mossy afferent originate?
Everywhere but the olivary
57
How does the input from stretch and general sensory receptors reach the cerebellum?
Inferior peduncle
58
How does the input from the cerebral cortex enter the cerebellum?
Through the middle peduncle
59
How does the input pathways from the spine enter the cerebellum?
Through the superior peduncle | CARRY proprioceptive info from the body
60
How is OUTPUT given FROM the cerebellum?
Superior peduncle | Inferior peduncle
61
Are output pathways direct?
No! Output is ALWAYS INDIRECT
62
Where does output from the cerebellum go?
To the VLN of Thalamus then to other parts of the brain
63
What two important structures do the cerebellum interconnect with?
Motor cortex and basal ganglia
64
What happens if we have damage to the cerebellum?
Weakness in muscle tone | Impaired coordination & balance

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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