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Neuroanatomy > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

0
Q

Based on the tentorium, the diencephalon and midbrain are where?

A

Diencephalon :supratentorial

Midbrain: infratentorial

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1
Q

Name the roof of the cerebellum

A

Tentorium

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2
Q

Which fossa does the cerebellum rest in?

A

Posterior

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3
Q

What makes the roof of the brainstem?

A

The cerebellum

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4
Q

What is the major role of the cerebellum?

A

Grand coordinator of movement

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5
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Motor coordination
Muscle tone
Balance

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6
Q

What type of input does the cerebellum process?

A

Processes unconscious sensory input related to ongoing motor activity

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7
Q

Where does the input come from that the cerebellum processes?

A

Vestibular system
Muscle receptors (stretch and tension within the muscle)
Primary auditory/visual receptors
General sensors in head and body

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8
Q

What are the three major gross anatomy structures of the cerebellum?

A

Cortex
White matter
Deep nuclei

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9
Q

Name the 3 layers of the cortex

A

Molecular
Purkinje
Granular

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10
Q

Which layer of cortex is different from the rest?

A

The granular

It’s the only excitatory layer

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11
Q

What type of fiber pathways does the white matter core have?

A

Projecting TO and FROM the cerebellum

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12
Q

How thick is the cortex of the cerebellum?

A

3-5 mm

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13
Q

Where are the deep nuclei located?

A

Inside of the white matter

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14
Q

Name the 4 deep nuclei

A

Dentate
Fastigial
Globose
Emboliform

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15
Q

What three cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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16
Q

What type of nucleus does the globose and emboliform make?

A

Interposed nucleus

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17
Q

What does the superior peduncle do?

A

Connects cerebellum to midbrain

Efferent fibers FROM cerebellum GO TO BS and THALAMUS

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18
Q

What does the middle peduncle do?

A

Connect cerebellum WITH pons

afferent fiber FROM pons TO cerebellum

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19
Q

What does the inferior peduncle do?

A

Connects cerebellum WITH medulla

afferent AND efferent fibers TO/FROM cerebellum

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20
Q

Does the cerebellum initiate movement?

A

NO

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21
Q

Which pathways control joint position, muscle contraction and tone? And how does it enter the cerebellum?

A

Spinocerebellar pathway

ENTERS through superior and inferior peduncle

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22
Q

Which pathway controls the body’s balance/equilibrium? How does it enter the cerebellum?

A

Vestibulocerebellar

ENTERS through inferior peduncle

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23
Q

Which pathway controls the motor commands/ information to muscles? How does it enter?

A

Corticopontocerebellar

ENTERS through middle peduncle

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24
Q

True/False: does the feedback mechanism involve the deep nuclei?

A

TRUE

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25
Q

How are the hemispheres organized?

A

Longitudinally

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26
Q

Name the two hemispheres and the middle structure

A

Vermis

Lateral (2)

27
Q

How many lobes are in each hemisphere? How are they organized?

A

3

Horizontally

28
Q

How many zone relate to the deep nuclei?

How are they organized?

A

3

Mediolateral

29
Q

What does the vermis (midline structure) deal with?

A

Controlling muscles of axial body

Shoulders
Neck
Trunk
Hips

30
Q

What are the sections of the Inferior vermis?

A

Nodule
Uvulus
Pyramid
Tuber

31
Q

What do the lateral hemisphere have reciprocal connections to?

A

Motor association area (4/6)
Somasensory areas (3-1-2/ 5)
Via the corticopontine

32
Q

Name the 3 lobes of the lateral hemispheres

A

Flocculonodular (inferior lobe)

Middle lobe

Anterior lobe

33
Q

Which fissure divides the flocculus from the middle lobe?

A

Posterolateral fissure

34
Q

What are two names for the Flocculonodular lobe?

A

Archicerebellum

Vestibulocerebellum

35
Q

What is the role of the archicerebellum?

A

Regulates muscle tone, posture and balance/control of eye movements

36
Q

Which two parts of the inferior vermis are in the vestibulocerebellum?

A

Uvula

Nodular

37
Q

What are the other two names for the anterior lobe?

A

Paleocerebellum

Spinocerebellum

38
Q

Which fissure divides the anterior and middle lobes?

A

Primary fissure

39
Q

What is the function of the paleocerebellum?

A

Regulates muscle tone

INPUT from head, face and limbs

40
Q

What are the two names for the middle lobe?

A

Neocerebellum

Pontocerebellum

41
Q

What is the role of the middle lobe?

A

Motor coordination
Voluntary muscle activity (planning)

RECIPROCAL contralateral connections

42
Q

Name the 3 zones

A

Median zone
Intermediate
Lateral

43
Q

What do all of the zones have?

(HINT) structures of the cerebellum

A

Cortex
White matter
Deep nuclei

44
Q

Which deep nuclei are in the median zone aka vermal zone?

What is the vermal zones role?

A

Fastigial nucleus which OUTPUTS to LMN axial body

Role in movements of axial body

45
Q

Which deep nuclei are in the intermediate aka the paramedian zone?

A

Interposed nuclei (globose + emboliform)

46
Q

What is the function of the paramedian zone?

A

Controls muscle contractions in distal portions (upper/lower) limbs

47
Q

Which deep nuclei are in the hemispheric zone?

A

Dentate

48
Q

What is the function of the hemisphere zone?

A

Coordination of sequential movements, motor sequences, learning of complex motor sequences

49
Q

Does the cerebellum have a topographical representation?

A

Yes!!

50
Q

Name the two types of cerebellar homunculus?

A

Axial body parts :vermis

Limbs and face: intermediate

51
Q

Are there more afferent neurons or efferent neurons?

A

Afferents

40:1

52
Q

Name the two types of afferent neurons in the cerebellum?

A

Climbing

Mossy

53
Q

What do the climbing afferent a do?

A

Excitatory input to purkinje cells

54
Q

What do the mossy afferents do?

A

Excitatory input to granule cells

55
Q

Where do the climbing afferent originate from?

A

Inferior olives

56
Q

Where do the mossy afferent originate?

A

Everywhere but the olivary

57
Q

How does the input from stretch and general sensory receptors reach the cerebellum?

A

Inferior peduncle

58
Q

How does the input from the cerebral cortex enter the cerebellum?

A

Through the middle peduncle

59
Q

How does the input pathways from the spine enter the cerebellum?

A

Through the superior peduncle

CARRY proprioceptive info from the body

60
Q

How is OUTPUT given FROM the cerebellum?

A

Superior peduncle

Inferior peduncle

61
Q

Are output pathways direct?

A

No! Output is ALWAYS INDIRECT

62
Q

Where does output from the cerebellum go?

A

To the VLN of Thalamus then to other parts of the brain

63
Q

What two important structures do the cerebellum interconnect with?

A

Motor cortex and basal ganglia

64
Q

What happens if we have damage to the cerebellum?

A

Weakness in muscle tone

Impaired coordination & balance

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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