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Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves- Anatomy/Function > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves- Anatomy/Function Flashcards

0
Q

What is visceral?

A 
Internal organs
Respiratory apparatus (speech muscles, branchial arches)
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1
Q

What is somatic?

A

Skeletal
Skin
Ligaments
Joints

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2
Q

What are general sensory modalities?

A 
Fine touch
Crude (light) touch
Pain 
Temperature 
Vibration
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3
Q

What are special sensory modalities?

A 
Taste 
Smell
Vision 
Hearing 
Balance
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4
Q

What helps to organize the way BOTH spinal and cranial nerves transmit information to the nervous system?

A

Sensory modalities

Functional components

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5
Q

What is a sensory modality?

A

Conscious perceived sensation from the skin

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6
Q

How is general sensory AFFERENT information conveyed?

A

Fibers distributed throughout head and body

-originates from body

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7
Q

How is special sensory AFFERENT information conveyed?

A

Via CN ONLY

-concentrated in small localized zones

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8
Q

How is general motor SOMATIC EFFERENT information conveyed?

A

spinal AND motor nerves innervated voluntary muscles (CN III, IV, VI, XII)

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9
Q

How is special motor VISCERAL EFFERENT information conveyed?

A

cranial motor nerves ONLY innervate skeletal muscles (CN V, VII, IX, X, XII)

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10
Q

What are the motor components of the CN that serve speech muscles?

A

SVE (special/visceral/efferents)
GVE (general/visceral/efferents)
OR BOTH

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11
Q

What are the motor components of the CN that serve speech muscles?

WHICH CN IS THE EXCEPTION TO THIS?? hint: it’s GSE

A

Hypoglossal

GSE (general/somatic/efferent)
Derived from similes

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12
Q

Which 6 cranial nerves are important to speech?

A 
Trigeminal (CN V) 
Facial (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) 
VAGUS (CN X) 
Accessory (CN XI) 
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
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13
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves

A 
I OLFACTORY
II OPTIC
III OCCULOMOTOR
IV TROCHLEAR
V TRIGEMINAL
VI ABDUCENS
VII FACIAL
VIII ACOUSTIC-VESTIBULAR
IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
X VAGUS
XI ACCESSORY
XII HYPOGLOSSAL
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14
Q

what are the CN associated with hearing and balance

A

Acoustic-vestibular (CN VIII)

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15
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?

A

Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Acoustic-vestibular (VIII)

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16
Q

Which cranial nerves are PURELY motor?

A 
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducens (VI)
Spinal accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
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17
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed with motor and sensory?

A

Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

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18
Q

Where is the olfactory nerves located?

A

Telencephalon

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19
Q

Where is the optic nerve located?

A

Diencephalon

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20
Q

Where are cranial nerves III-XII located?

A

On the brainstem

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21
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves are involved in the movement of the eyeballs?

A

Occulomotor
Abducens
Trochlear

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22
Q

What is the difference between the sensory and motor cranial nuclei?

A

Sensory: nuclei of termination of afferent fibers (first order neurons)

Motor: nuclei of origin of LMN (final common pathway)

23
Q

What are the 2 processes of the somatic unipolar neurons?

A

Peripheral process: to receptor

Central process: to CN nucleus

24
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the sensory neurons?

A

In ganglia (outside of CNS)

25
Q

What are the lower motor neurons innervated by?

Which pathways is used?

A

LMN innervated BG UMN

USES: Corticobulbar pathway

26
Q

How do the UMN innervated with the motor cranial nerves?

A

Bilaterally /both hemispheres

LOWER FACE & TONGUE: contra lateral ONLY

27
Q

Where is the trigeminal nerve located?

A

Pons

28
Q

Name the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve & what type of nerves they are

A

Ophthalmic (sensory)
Maxillary (sensory)
Mandibular (mixed)

29
Q

The trigeminal ganglion is also called…

A

Semilunar

Gasserian

30
Q

What are the 3 sensory nuclei of termination of the trigeminal cranial nerve (V)?

A

Main sensory nucleus
Spinal nucleus of V
Mesencephalic nucleus

31
Q

The main nucleus of the Trigeminal nerve can also be called?

A

Chief sensory nucleus

Principal sensory nucleus

32
Q

The main nucleus receives input from where?

About what type of General sensory information?

A

Light touch
Fine discriminative sensation

Input: face, mouth, anterior scalp (FROM ALL THREE BRANCHES)

33
Q

What is the function of the spinal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

Where does it get its input?

A

Mediates sensory portion of facial reflexes

Gets general sensory from tongue (mandibular nerve)

Input: pain and temperature (FROM ALL 3 BRANCHES)

34
Q

What is the function of the Mesencephalic sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

Where does it get its input?

A

Conscious and unconscious proprioception

Innervates:
Muscles of mastication 
Mylohyoid & digastric
Tensor veil palatini
Tensor tympani
Mentalis
35
Q

The first branch of the trigeminal nerve serves what type of input to what location?

A

The ophthalmic branch inputs SENSORY input to:

Upper face (eyeballs, eyelids, cornea)
Upper/ outer nose
Anterior scalp & forehead

36
Q

The second branch of the trigeminal nerve serves what type of input to what location?

A

The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerves sends SENSORY input to:

Midface
Cheeks
Lower nose/ nostrils 
Upper lip, teeth & alveolus 
Hard and soft palate
37
Q

The third branch of the trigeminal nerve serves what type of input to what location?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerves send MIXED input.

The sensory input is to:

Lower face
Lower lip, lower teeth & alveolus
Skin of mandible
TMJ (temporomandibular joint) 
General sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue
38
Q

The third branch of the trigeminal nerve serves what type of input to what location?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve gives MIXED input.

The motor input goes to:

Innervates: (same as MESENCEPHALIC) 
Muscles of mastication 
Mylohyoid & anterior belly of digastric
Tensor veil palatini
Tensor tympani
Mentalis
39
Q

What are major functions of CN V?

A

Mediates input of facial reflexes

Mediates input AND output of jaw jerk reflex

40
Q

What type of nerve is the facial nerve (VII)?

What is it’s location

A

It’s a mixed nerve

It’s on the lower pons

41
Q

What are the three functions of the facial (VII) cranial nerve?

A

Taste (SVA)
Motor to ALL facial muscles & 2 suprahyoids (posterior digastric and stylohyoid) & stapedius muscle (SVE)
Motor salivation & tears (GVE)

42
Q

What is the name of the facial nerve ganglion?

A

Geniculate ganglion

43
Q

How many nuclei does CN VII have? Name them and their function

A

Solitary nucleus: taste

Spinal nucleus of V: General sensory

44
Q

How is taste interpreted from the facial nerve?

A

To solitary nucleus

Via chorda tympani branch

45
Q

How are the general sensory modalities interpreted from CN VII?

A

From ear canal and skin behind the ear

To spinal nucleus of V

46
Q

How is motor innervation supplied from CN VII motor nucleus?

A

Lower half: contra lateral cortical UMN supply

Upper half: bilateral cortical UMN supply

47
Q

What are the 5 facial motor branches?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
48
Q

What areas do the CN VII branches supply?

A

ALL facial muscles
Posterior digastric & stylohyoid
Stapedius of the middle ear

49
Q

What is the main function of CNVII?

A

Mediates MOTOR components of facial reflexes

CN V mediates SENSORY component

50
Q

How do facial reflexes travel?

A

In through CN V

OUT through CN VII

51
Q

What does the jaw jerk travel?

A

IN & OUT through CN V

52
Q

What are the signs of a facial nerve pathology involving UMN?

A

Closing eyes wrinkles forehead
Lower facial quadrant paresis (facial asymmetry/ impaired labial retraction)
common in stroke victims

53
Q

What are the signs of a facial nerve pathology involving UMN?

A

Signs are unilateral
Little or NO mobility
Facial lines disappear
Entire half face involved

54
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

Can people recover?

A

Acquired LMN disorder
Labial corner droops
No known etiology

Most cases recover

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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