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AP Bio > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

Cell Membranes

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Composition of cell membranes

A

Lipid Bilayer

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2
Q

Phospholipids

A

Glycerol backbone attached to a phosphate group of 2 fatty acids

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3
Q

Phosphate head

A

Hydrophilic and polar
H-bond with H20

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4
Q

Amphipathic

A

Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

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5
Q

Hydrophilic Heads

A

Outside surface, interacts with H20

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6
Q

Hydrophobic Tails

A

Isolated from contact with H20

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7
Q

Liposomes

A

When phospholipids are placed in H20 with a pH of 7, they spontaneously form a cell shape

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8
Q

Dynamic Cell Membranes

A

Lateral movements of lipids and other components within the membrane

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9
Q

Dynamic membrane allows what

A

VESICLES to easily detach and rejoin, cells to change SHAPE and cells to ENGULF other cells and particles

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10
Q

How do phospholipids move

A

Move with their tails interacting
laterally with the plane of the membrane
Rapidly

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11
Q

How can Lipids move

A

Rapidly around their vertical axis, spinning around
Fatty acid rails flex and bend

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12
Q

What influences the membrane fluidity

A

Composition of the membrane
Longer fatty acid tails= less fluid
NUmber of C-C bonds in the fatty acids tails

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13
Q

Why are longer fatty acid tails less fluid?

A

Longer tails= more surface area for Van der Waals bonding with other tails, holding each other in place

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14
Q

What makes the membrane less fluid

A

More bonding and interactions between fatty acid tails.

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15
Q

What type of fatty acids have stronger Van der Walls, why?

A

Saturated fats have stronger Van Der waals
They are straight and able to pack more tightly –> More stable, less fluid

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16
Q

Have one or more C-C double bonds

A

Unsaturated fatty acids
Cannot pack as tightly because of weaker Van der Waals; less stable

17
Q

What kind of fat is Animal Fat

A

Saturated, less fluid
solid at room temp

18
Q

What kind of fat is plant fat

A

Unsaturated, fluid
Liquid at room temp

19
Q

30% of membranes mass

A

Cholesterol; inserts itself into the lipid bilayer

20
Q

Is cholesterol hydrophilic or hydrophobic

A

BOTH
Amphipathic

21
Q

High temp effect on fluidity

A

Increased fluidity

22
Q

High temp effect on fluidity with the presence of cholesterol

A

Decreased fluidity, pulling phospholipids closer together

23
Q

How is homeostasis maintained by cholesterol

A

Prevents dramatic transitions in fluidity as temp increases

24
Q

Lipid Rafts

A

Defined patches of lipids that are assemble together

25
Q

Are cell membranes always uniform

A

NO

26
Q

Functions of protiens

A

Transport molecules
Pass electrons to harness energy for photosynthesis and CR
Enzymes
Anchor other proteins to maintain cell structure and shape

27
Q

What accounts for 50% of mass of RBC membranes

A

protiens

28
Q

Transport protiens

A

Move ions and other molecules across the membrane

29
Q

Receptor protein

A

Allow the cell to receive SIGNALS from the environment

30
Q

Integral membrane proteins

A

PERMANENTLY ASSOCIATED with cell membranes
-transmembrane proteins

31
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

Span entire lipid bilayer

31
Q

What happens if you try to remove an integral protein

A

Destroys the membrane

31
Q

3 regions of integral membrane proteins

A

2 hydrophilic regions 1 hydrophobic region

31
Q

2 Hydrophilic regions on integral membrane proteins

A

Protrude from each face of the membrane in contract with the aqueous environment inside and outside the cell

32
Q

Hydrophobic region

A

Spans the hydrophobic interior of the membrane

32
Q

Peripheral membrane proteins

A

TEMPORARILY associated with the lipid bilayer or integral membrane proteins
Easily removed, leaving membrane unharmed

AP Bio (11 decks)

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