Module 12

Question 1

Backbone of all marcomolcules

Answer 1

carbon

Question 1

What are prokaryotic cells diverse in

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 2

One of the sites of protein synthesis

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 3

process and sorts proteins and lipids

Question 4

Lysosomes

Answer 4

break down and recycle proteins, and other macromolecules

Question 5

Mitocondira

Answer 5

harness energy from carbohydrates and other molecules

Question 6

What is the mechanism that maintains spatial order in the cytoplasm of a prokaryote

Answer 6

Cell walls that support the cell from the outside
and a framework of proteins within the cytoplasm

Question 7

What do eukaryotes rely on to maintain spatial order in their cytoplasam

Answer 7

Depend of internal scaffolding of proteins and the cytoskeleton to organize the cell

Question 8

Special quality of cytoskeleton

Answer 8

It can be remolded quickly, enabling cells to change shape

Question 9

What enables cells to function as it changes shape

Answer 9

Dynamic cytoskeletons and membranes

Question 10

Endomembrane system

Answer 10

nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, and cell membrane

Question 11

Endoplasmic recticulum

Answer 11

An assembly of membranes that runs through the cytoplasm

Question 12

Are all membranes of the endomembrane system connected?

Answer 12

Yes, through membrane-bound vesicles or directly

Question 13

Dynamic continunity

Answer 13

membranes are interchangeable where material originally added in the endoplasmic reticulum may be transferred to another part of the endomembrane system by the movement of vesicles

Question 14

STABLE membranes within the eukaryotic cell

Answer 14

Mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

site of cellular repiration

Question 15

Chloroplast

Answer 15

site of photosynthesis

Question 16

Why must the mitochondria and chloroplast be stable

Answer 16

Both of their inner and thylakoid membranes include membrane-embedded proteins that require a stable environment to function

Question 17

amoebas

Answer 17

eukaryotic

Question 18

What do dynamic cytoskeletons and membranes allow for in eukaryotes

Answer 18

movements and endocytosis

Question 19

phagocytosis

Answer 19

eukaryotic cells surround food particles and package them in vesicles, budding off membrane

Question 20

Examples of prokaryotic cells

Answer 20

bacteria and archaea

Question 21

How do prokaryotic cells take in particles

Answer 21

Passive and active transport

Question 22

what is diverse about prokaryotic cells

Answer 22

how they metabolize molecules to obtain carbon and energy

Question 23

what is diverse about prokaryotic cells

Answer 23

how they take in molecules and foods

Question 24

Symbiosis

Answer 24

closely envolved association between two species

Question 25

Symbiont

Answer 25

an organism that lives in closely envolved association with another species.

Question 26

Endosymbiosis

Answer 26

Symbiosis where one partner lives inside the other

Question 27

Symbiosis theory of chlorplasts

Answer 27

symbiotic cyanobacteria became permanently incorporated into their host

Question 28

What is the double membrane

Answer 28

The inner member is the cyanobacteria membrane and the outer membrane is park of the engulfing cell's membrane system

Question 29

Where did the mitochondria come from

Answer 29

proteobacteria

Question 30

Bacteria metabolize chemicals that are toxic to a cell that they cover

Answer 30

symbiotic relationship

Question 31

Properties of eukaryotic-bacterial symbiosis

Answer 31

The bacteria will feed and protect the eukaryotic cell, allowing them to live under limiting conditions -anaerobic, toxic, ex.

Question 32

Symbiotic algae

Answer 32

provides carbohydrates from their photsynthesis

Question 33

Corals help to algae in their symbiotic relationship

Answer 33

provides environment and some molecules needed for photosynthesis

Question 34

What is theorized to be more closely related to eukaryotes

Answer 34

Archaea