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AP Bio > Module 12 > Flashcards

Module 12 Flashcards

Origin of compartmentalization and the eukaryotic cell

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Backbone of all marcomolcules

A

carbon

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1
Q

What are prokaryotic cells diverse in

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

One of the sites of protein synthesis

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3
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

process and sorts proteins and lipids

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4
Q

Lysosomes

A

break down and recycle proteins, and other macromolecules

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5
Q

Mitocondira

A

harness energy from carbohydrates and other molecules

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6
Q

What is the mechanism that maintains spatial order in the cytoplasm of a prokaryote

A

Cell walls that support the cell from the outside
and a framework of proteins within the cytoplasm

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7
Q

What do eukaryotes rely on to maintain spatial order in their cytoplasam

A

Depend of internal scaffolding of proteins and the cytoskeleton to organize the cell

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8
Q

Special quality of cytoskeleton

A

It can be remolded quickly, enabling cells to change shape

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9
Q

What enables cells to function as it changes shape

A

Dynamic cytoskeletons and membranes

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10
Q

Endomembrane system

A

nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, and cell membrane

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11
Q

Endoplasmic recticulum

A

An assembly of membranes that runs through the cytoplasm

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12
Q

Are all membranes of the endomembrane system connected?

A

Yes, through membrane-bound vesicles or directly

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13
Q

Dynamic continunity

A

membranes are interchangeable where material originally added in the endoplasmic reticulum may be transferred to another part of the endomembrane system by the movement of vesicles

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14
Q

STABLE membranes within the eukaryotic cell

A

Mitochondria and chloroplast

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

site of cellular repiration

15
Q

Chloroplast

A

site of photosynthesis

16
Q

Why must the mitochondria and chloroplast be stable

A

Both of their inner and thylakoid membranes include membrane-embedded proteins that require a stable environment to function

17
Q

amoebas

A

eukaryotic

18
Q

What do dynamic cytoskeletons and membranes allow for in eukaryotes

A

movements and endocytosis

19
Q

phagocytosis

A

eukaryotic cells surround food particles and package them in vesicles, budding off membrane

20
Q

Examples of prokaryotic cells

A

bacteria and archaea

21
Q

How do prokaryotic cells take in particles

A

Passive and active transport

22
Q

what is diverse about prokaryotic cells

A

how they metabolize molecules to obtain carbon and energy

23
Q

what is diverse about prokaryotic cells

A

how they take in molecules and foods

24
Q

Symbiosis

A

closely envolved association between two species

25
Q

Symbiont

A

an organism that lives in closely envolved association with another species.

26
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

Symbiosis where one partner lives inside the other

27
Q

Symbiosis theory of chlorplasts

A

symbiotic cyanobacteria became permanently incorporated into their host

28
Q

What is the double membrane

A

The inner member is the cyanobacteria membrane and the outer membrane is park of the engulfing cell’s membrane system

29
Q

Where did the mitochondria come from

A

proteobacteria

30
Q

Bacteria metabolize chemicals that are toxic to a cell that they cover

A

symbiotic relationship

31
Q

Properties of eukaryotic-bacterial symbiosis

A

The bacteria will feed and protect the eukaryotic cell, allowing them to live under limiting conditions
-anaerobic, toxic, ex.

32
Q

Symbiotic algae

A

provides carbohydrates from their photsynthesis

33
Q

Corals help to algae in their symbiotic relationship

A

provides environment and some molecules needed for photosynthesis

34
Q

What is theorized to be more closely related to eukaryotes

A

Archaea

AP Bio (13 decks)

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