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AP Bio > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

Osmosis, Tonicity, Osmoregulation

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Molarity

A

the concentration of a solute in a solution

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2
Q

Permeable

A

When a membrane allows water or solutes to diffuse through it freely

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3
Q

Impermeable

A

When a membrane blocks the diffusion of water and solutes entirely

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4
Q

Selectively Permeable

A

Allows the movement of some molecule but not others

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5
Q

Aquaporins

A

Allows water to diffuse freely across the cell membrane at a rate much faster than would be possible by simple diffusion alone

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6
Q

How does water move across the cell membrane

A

Diffusion, through the concentration gradient

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7
Q

Concentration gradient

A

High to low water concentration

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8
Q

Solute concentration is low so

A

Water concentration is high

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9
Q

Water concentration is low

A

Solute concentration is high

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10
Q

How does water more in relation to solute concentration

A

water moves from low solute concentration to high

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water across a SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE membrane in response to a difference in water concentration

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12
Q

What is osmosis a response too

A

The solute concentration inside the cell in relation to the outside

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13
Q

Equilibrium

A

When the concentration of solutes is the same on the 2 sides of the membrane

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14
Q

Net movement during equilibrium

A

stops although water molecules continue to move in both directions

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15
Q

Water potential

A

All of the chemical and physical properties that affect the movement of water, such as osmosis pressure and gravity

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16
Q

Water moves towards what kind of water potiental

A

Water goes towards more negative water potential

17
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

the tendency of water to move from one solution into another by osmosis

the tendency of a solution to draw water in by osmosis

Cell has an increased external pressure, or decreased internal pressure

18
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure that gravity exerts on the solution

19
Q

Water moves to

A

Higher solute concentration

20
Q

Tonicity

A

How strongly water is pulled into one solution compared to another
“strength” describes osmotic pressure and the direction of water movement

21
Q

Higher Tonicity

A

Has higher solute concentration
Draws water in by osmosis

22
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solution with a higher solute concentration than another

23
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution with a lower solute concentration than another solution

24
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution has the same solute concentration as another solution

25
Q

Hypertonic relative to the inside of the cell

A

Water leaves cell by osmosis

26
Q

Hypotonic relative to inside of the cell

A

Water moves into the cell by osmosis and swells
Less salt outside

27
Q

What causes Lyse

A

Hypotonic relative to the inside of a cell

28
Q

Lyse

A

Burst/ rupture

29
Q

Isotonic relative to inside of the cell

A

cell/ homeostasis

30
Q

Paramecium

A

A unicellular eukaryote that lives in freshwater
Extracellular environment is hypotonic relative to the cells interior
Face risk of lysis, has contractile vacuole

31
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

Takes up excess water from inside the cell, and expels it by contractionion into the external environment

32
Q

Turgor Pressure

A

the force exerted by water pressing against an object

33
Q

What is turgor pressure resulted from

A

Water moving by osmosis into cells surrounded by a cell wall
IN PLANTS, BACTERIA, FUNGI, AND PROTISTS

34
Q

Osmoregulation

A

regulates the osmotic pressure inside a cell and organism

35
Q

High osmotic pressure

A

Damage/ lyse cell

36
Q

Low osmotic pressure

A

dehydration

37
Q

Osmoconformers

A

Animals that keep their internal fluids at the same osmotic pressure as the surrounding environments
Live in areas of stable solute concentration= sea water

38
Q

Urea

A

Waste product of protein metabolism that many animals excrete
Sharks and rays retail this solute to achieve osmotic equilibrium w /surrounding sea water

39
Q
A

AP Bio (11 decks)

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