Module 42

Question 1

Natural Selection

Answer 1

Mechanism of evolution that leads to adaption

Question 2

Darwin’s Postulates

Answer 2

1. Individuals of a species are VARIABLE
2. Variations are HERITABLE
3. OVERPRODUCTION of offspring
4. Survival of the fittest variants

Question 3

Cause of observable differences among species

Answer 3

Genetic material and environment

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

Traits of an organism
Interaction between genotype and the enviornment

Question 5

Types of variation within phenotypes

Answer 5

Visible, developmental, physiological, or developmental

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

Regions of DNA that encode for proteins

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Variants of a gene
Different DNA sequences in the gene

Question 8

Sources of Genetic Variation/New Alleles

Answer 8

Mutation and recombination

Question 9

Mutations create

Answer 9

Create new variations

Question 10

Recombination creates

Answer 10

New combinations of a variation
ONLY if these has occurred mutations in the past, and new alleles have been created as a result of the mutations

Question 11

Recombination in MEIOSIS

Answer 11

Chromosomes exchange DNA segments through recombination, shuffling mutations to create new combinations of genes (alleles)

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

Sexual cell division
Produces sex cells/ gametes
Daughter cells have 1/2 the number of chromosomes as parent

Question 13

Transposons

Answer 13

DNA sequences that can jump from one position of the genome to another

Question 14

Where do mutations arise from

Answer 14

mistakes during DNA replication, unrepaired DNA damage, reactive molecules produced during metabolism, environmental chemicals, radiation, transposons.