Module 8 Flashcards

Cell and Organism Size

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1
Q

Shape and form of a structure depends on

A

Size

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2
Q

Smallest living organisms

A

Bacteria, specifically the mycoplasma

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3
Q

Surface Area

A

Flat, 2d
Amount of area on the surface

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4
Q

Volume

A

Amount of space a thing occupies

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5
Q

Does surface area of volume increase faster?

A

Volume increases faster than surface area

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6
Q

Functions of the cell depend on what

A

surface area, volume, shape, size

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7
Q

A bigger or smaller cube has a larger SA/V ratio?

A

A small cube has a bigger ratio

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8
Q

What would happen if humans shrunk to the size on an ant

A

We would have to much surface area, and heat loss from the skin

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9
Q

What would happen if ants became human sized

A

Their legs wouldn’t be strong enough to hold their body weight/ volume

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10
Q

Isometry

A

Increase in size, but keep the same shape

Same measure

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11
Q

Allometry

A

Increases in size followed by change in shape
Different measure

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12
Q

What do larger mammals have in order ot support greater weight

A

Wider bones

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13
Q

What accompanies size differences

A

Shape change

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14
Q

What adaptation does the gut have to increase surface area

A

Vili and microvili

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15
Q

Vili

A

Folding of the stomach lining

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16
Q

Microvilli

A

Projections of the intestinal calls

17
Q

Inner folding of the mitochondria increase what

A

Surface area and ATP. production to give the cell energy

18
Q

Use of a lot of surface area

A

moving substances across the cell membrane/ diffusion

19
Q

All molecules are in constant motion

A

True

20
Q

What causes diffusion from randomly moving molecules

A

Concentration

21
Q

Diffusion

A

Random motion leads to net movement of a molecule from areas of high to low concentration

22
Q

When does net movement stop

A

When both regions achieve equal concentrations

23
Q

Is diffusion an effective way to transport nutrients

A

NO, takes a long time over larger distances

24
Q

Why does diffusion work for small organisms like bacteria

A

the interior parts of a small cell are closer to the surrounding environment than those in larger cells.

25
Q

Examples of Eukaryotic adaptations

A

ER, golgi apparatus, inner mitochondrial membrane, thylakoids

26
Q

What adaptations do Eukaryotes have to increase surface area

A

Many internal membranes that are highly folded or convoluted

27
Q

Sponges adaptation for O2

A

few cells lining a dense network of pores and canals, allowing their cells to remain in close contact with seawater

28
Q

Sea Jelly adapatation

A

Active cells are confined to thin tissues that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body –> in direct of near to direct contact with the enviornment
Their interior is made up of mesoglea, that doesn’t require to much oxygen

29
Q

Alveoli

A

Terminal air sacs at the end of a lung
300 million in each lungs

30
Q

Walls of alveoli

A

Extremely thin, allowing oxygen to readily diffuse from air spaces to the blood

31
Q

Bulk Flow

A

movement of a fluid driven by pressure differences
O2, nuterients, etc.
Ex. heart beat pumping O2 throughout body tissues; Diaphragm relaxing and contractive moving air out and in

32
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Red blood cell molecules that carry O2 throughout the body

33
Q

How does bulk flow work in plants

A

Vascular channels powered by the evaporation of water form leaf surfaces

34
Q

What does the evaporation do in plants for bulk flow

A

Creates pressure differences between the base and top of a plant/ tree, helping pull water upp

35
Q

When is bulk flow required

A

To supply cells that are far from the external environment with molecules needed for METABOLISM

36
Q

Isometry

A

SAME MEASURE
Increases size but keeps shape

37
Q

Allometry

A

Different Measure
Increase in size and change in shape

38
Q

What makes organisms large size viable

A

Their internal organisms

39
Q

Highly folded membrane

A

ER, Golgi apparatus, inner mitochondrial membrane