Module 8 Flashcards
Cell and Organism Size
Shape and form of a structure depends on
Size
Smallest living organisms
Bacteria, specifically the mycoplasma
Surface Area
Flat, 2d
Amount of area on the surface
Volume
Amount of space a thing occupies
Does surface area of volume increase faster?
Volume increases faster than surface area
Functions of the cell depend on what
surface area, volume, shape, size
A bigger or smaller cube has a larger SA/V ratio?
A small cube has a bigger ratio
What would happen if humans shrunk to the size on an ant
We would have to much surface area, and heat loss from the skin
What would happen if ants became human sized
Their legs wouldn’t be strong enough to hold their body weight/ volume
Isometry
Increase in size, but keep the same shape
Same measure
Allometry
Increases in size followed by change in shape
Different measure
What do larger mammals have in order ot support greater weight
Wider bones
What accompanies size differences
Shape change
What adaptation does the gut have to increase surface area
Vili and microvili
Vili
Folding of the stomach lining
Microvilli
Projections of the intestinal calls
Inner folding of the mitochondria increase what
Surface area and ATP. production to give the cell energy
Use of a lot of surface area
moving substances across the cell membrane/ diffusion
All molecules are in constant motion
True
What causes diffusion from randomly moving molecules
Concentration
Diffusion
Random motion leads to net movement of a molecule from areas of high to low concentration
When does net movement stop
When both regions achieve equal concentrations
Is diffusion an effective way to transport nutrients
NO, takes a long time over larger distances
Why does diffusion work for small organisms like bacteria
the interior parts of a small cell are closer to the surrounding environment than those in larger cells.
Examples of Eukaryotic adaptations
ER, golgi apparatus, inner mitochondrial membrane, thylakoids
What adaptations do Eukaryotes have to increase surface area
Many internal membranes that are highly folded or convoluted
Sponges adaptation for O2
few cells lining a dense network of pores and canals, allowing their cells to remain in close contact with seawater
Sea Jelly adapatation
Active cells are confined to thin tissues that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body –> in direct of near to direct contact with the enviornment
Their interior is made up of mesoglea, that doesn’t require to much oxygen
Alveoli
Terminal air sacs at the end of a lung
300 million in each lungs
Walls of alveoli
Extremely thin, allowing oxygen to readily diffuse from air spaces to the blood
Bulk Flow
movement of a fluid driven by pressure differences
O2, nuterients, etc.
Ex. heart beat pumping O2 throughout body tissues; Diaphragm relaxing and contractive moving air out and in
Hemoglobin
Red blood cell molecules that carry O2 throughout the body
How does bulk flow work in plants
Vascular channels powered by the evaporation of water form leaf surfaces
What does the evaporation do in plants for bulk flow
Creates pressure differences between the base and top of a plant/ tree, helping pull water upp
When is bulk flow required
To supply cells that are far from the external environment with molecules needed for METABOLISM
Isometry
SAME MEASURE
Increases size but keeps shape
Allometry
Different Measure
Increase in size and change in shape
What makes organisms large size viable
Their internal organisms
Highly folded membrane
ER, Golgi apparatus, inner mitochondrial membrane
