Module 8: L1

Question 1

Organizational decision making has limitations and is under bounded rationality, meaning…(3x points)

Answer 1

1. Limited knowledge of consequences
2. No experience of the future
3. Anticipated choices of few alternatives

Question 2

A phrase related to organizational decision making limitations is: “satisficing” rather than optimal decisions. How does this work?

Answer 2

1. Simplify the complex world
2. Conduct information searching
3. Disjointed incrementalism in policy

Question 3

Decisions are not irrational. People have cognitive simplifications to help them, like…(3x points)

Answer 3

1. Representativeness
2. Availability: recalling the familiar
3. Anchoring: initially presented value

Question 4

Decisions are not irrational but have inherent limitations like…(3x points)

Answer 4

1. Heuristic principles
2. Structured by decision environment
3. Structured to enable interactions

Question 5

Decision making models operate along two dimensions, which are what?

Answer 5

1. Goal uncertainty
2. Procedural uncertainty

Question 6

What is:
High Goal Uncertainty
Low Process Uncertainty

Answer 6

Political model

Question 7

What is:
High Goal Uncertainty
High Process Uncertainty

Answer 7

Anarchy model

Question 8

What is:
Low Goal Uncertainty
Low Process Uncertainty

Answer 8

Rational model

Question 9

What is:
Low Goal Uncertainty
High Process Uncertainty

Answer 9

Process model

Question 10

What are some procedures of the rational model?

Answer 10

1. Task performance rules
2. Records and reports
3. Info handling rules
4. Plans and planning rules

Question 11

In the process model goals are clear but approaches to achieve them are not. What are their phases?

Answer 11

1. Identification: of different means
2. Development: searching and designing routines
3. Selection

Question 12

Organizational situations under the anarchy model are often not productive. Hence the name. T/F

Answer 12

False. Example is education. Educational goals still occur but specific goals and means are unclear.

Question 13

In the anarchy model, decision are made by: _______, ______, _______

Answer 13

1. Resolution: meaning and goals converge
2. Oversight: not looking at certain aspects of the problem
3. Flight: problems just go away

Question 14

Factors of the ________ and __________ _________ ___________ shape decision making

Answer 14

context and inherent human limitations