Module 7: L2 Flashcards
Knowledge in organizations is distinguishable from individual knowledge. How must knowledge be shared in organizations?
- Individuals develop valuable knowledge over time
- Must not remain purely personal
- Must not remain purely internal to the organization
Knowledge acquired from solved problems must be ________
shared
Data, information, and knowledge are synonymous with one another. T/F
False. They are distinguishable from one another
What is the transformation from data to information to knowledge?
- Data is physical structuring and selecting. Objective measurements
- Information is cognitive structuring of data
- Knowledge is belief structuring and judgement
Confusion among data, information, and knowledge may lead to ___________
mismanagement
What are the 3x types of organizational knowledge?
- Tacit: implicit in tasks
- Explicit: formally expressed in symbols
- Cultural: cognitive structures used habitually
Organizational tacit knowledge is (3x pts):
- Embedded in routines
- Routines are “genes” of an organization
- Routine “mutation” leads to innovations
Organizational explicit knowledge is expressed in words and numbers. It is also (5x pts):
- Communicated in codified forms
- Object-based
- Rule-based
- Communal
- Communication is fundamental property
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What are some examples of organizational explicit knowledge?
- Artifacts: products & patents
- Instructions
- Specifications
- Standards
Explicit knowledge forms the core of _________ ___________ _________
organization’s intellectual assets
What are the reasons to create explicit knowledge?
- Encodes past learning
- Coordination of functions and activities
- Reduces info processes in each task
- Signifies organization’s professionalism
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Cultural knowledge is less visible to everyday activities. What are some features of it (4x pts)?
- “Dictionary”: “what” situations
- “Directory”: “how” processes
- “Recipes”: actions that “should” be taken
- “Axiomatic”: “why” events happen
Cultural knowledge defines __________ _____ _________
systems of persuasion
What are the two fundamental dynamics to the cycle of knowledge creation?
- Convert tacit to explicit knowledge
- Moving knowledge from individual to group, organization to inter-organization levels
What are the 4x specific cycle processes in knowledge creation between tacit and explicit?
- Socialization: tacit to tacit
- Externalization: tacit to explicit
- Combination: explicit to explicit
- Internalization: explicit to tacit
