Module 7: Ch. 20 Flashcards
angi/o
vessel
act/o
acting
arteri/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
bronch/o
bronchi
chol/e
gall, bile
cinemat/o
motion
cyst/o
bladder
dermat/o
skin
digit/o
finger or toe
ech/o
echo
encephal/o
brain
fluor/o
florescence, luminous
gen/o
kind
hyster/o
womb, uterus
ion/o
ion
iont/o
ion
lymph/o
lymph
mamm/o
breast
myel/o
spinal cord
oscill/o
to swing
phot/o
light
physic/o
nature
pyel/o
renal pelvis
radi/o
ray, X – ray
salping/o
fallopian tube
sial/o
salivary
son/o
sound
therm/o
hot, heat
tom/o
to cut
tract/o
to draw
ven/o
vein
anteroposterior position (AP)
the patient is placed with the anterior (front) part of the body facing the x-ray tube and the posterior (back) of the body facing the film; x-rays pass through the body from the front to the back in reaching the film
posteroanterior position (PA)
the patient is placed with the posterior (back) portion of the body facing the x-ray tube and the anterior (front) of the body facing the film; the x-rays pass through the body from the back to the front to reach the film
lateral position (lat)
the x-ray beam passes from one side of the patient’s body to the opposite side to reach the film
supine position
the patient rests on the back, face upward, allowing the x-rays to pass through the body from the front to the back
prone position
the patient is placed lying face down with the head turned to one side; the x-rays pass from the back to the front side of the body
oblique position
the patient is placed so that the body or body part to be imaged is at an angle to the x-ray beam
diagnostic imaging
involves the use of x-rays, ultrasound, radiopharmaceuticals, radiopaque media, and computers to provide the radiologist images of internal body organs and processes
computed tomography (CT)
also known as a CAT scan (computerized axial tomography); it combines an advanced x-ray scanning system with a powerful minicomputer and has vastly improved imaging quality while making it possible to view parts of the body and abnormalities not previously open to radiography
gantry
the opening, donut-like hole of the CT scan machine
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
A noninvasive imaging technique; it’s used to view organs, bone, and other internal body structures; the imaged body part is exposed to radio waves while in a magnetic field
cranial MRI
an MRI of the brain used to evaluate a person’s tumor, seizure disorder, or headache symptoms
bore
horizontal tube running through the magnet from front to back
contrast agent
a special substance administered prior to or during the test; it is used to enhance internal structures and improve image quality, typically this material is injected into a vein in the arm
ultrasound
literally means beyond sound; it is sound whose frequency is beyond the range of human hearing; it is widely used in diagnostic imaging to evaluate a patient’s internal organs
ultrasonography
the process of using ultrasound to produce a record of ultrasonic echoes as they strike tissues of different densities
sonogram or echogram
the record produced by ultrasonography
Doppler echocardiography
an adaptation of ultrasound technology; it is a noninvasive technique for determining the blood flow velocity in different locations in the heart
transducer
a handheld probe that is moved over an area of skin to examine the transmission of sound waves
thermography
detailed images of body parts are developed from data showing the degree of heat and cold present in areas being studied
scintigraphy
the production of two – dimensional images of tissue areas from the scintillations emitted by an internally administered radiopharmaceutical device that concentrates on a targeted site
angiocardiogram
x-ray record of the heart and great vessels made visible through the use of a radiopaque contrast medium
angiogram
x-ray record of the blood vessels made visible through the use of an injected radiopaque contrast medium
angiography
a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers
beam
ray of light; in radiology and nuclear medicine, radiant energy emitted by a group of atomic particles traveling a parallel course
cassette
light – proof case or holder for x-ray film
cathode
negative pole of an electrical current
cobalt-60
radionuclide that serves as the radioactive substance in teletherapy machines
contrast medium
radiopaque substance used in certain x-ray procedures to permit visualization of organs or structures
curie (Ci)
unit of radioactivity
dose
amount of medication or radiation to be administered
film
thin, cellulose – coated, light – sensitive sheet or slip of material used in taking pictures
fluorescence
property of certain substances to emit light as a result of exposure to and absorption of radiant energy
ion
atomic particle consisting of an atom or a group of atoms that carry an electrical charge, either negative or positive
ionization
process of breaking up molecules into their component parts
isotope
one of a series of nuclides that are chemically identical yet differ in atomic weight and electrical charge
lead (Pb)
metallic chemical element; soft, heavy, inelastic, malleable, ductile, bluish – gray metallic element used in its metallic form as a protective shielding against x-rays
mammography
process of obtaining x-ray pictures of the breast using a low – dose x-ray system
millicurie (mCi)
0.001 Ci
oscilloscope
instrument used to record an electrical wave visually on a fluorescent screen of a cathode – ray tube
rad
amount of radiation absorbed; the letters stand for (r)adiation (a)bsorbed (d)ose
radiation
process by which radiant energy is propagated through space or matter
radioactive
characterized by emitting radiant energy
radiodermatitis
inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to x-rays or radioactive substances
radiograph
picture produced on a sensitized film or plate by rays; an x-ray record
radiographer
person skilled in making x-ray records
radiography
process of making an x-ray record
radiologist
literally means one who specializes in radiology
radiology
scientific discipline of medical imaging using radionuclides, ionizing radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultrasound
radiolucent
pertaining to property of permitting the passage of radiant energy
radiopaque
pertaining to property of obstructing the passage of radiant energy
radium (Ra)
radioactive isotope used to treat certain malignant diseases
roentgen (R)
international unit for describing exposure dose of x-ray or y-radiation
scan
process of using a moving device or a sweeping beam of radiation to produce images of organs or structures of the body
shield
protective structure used to prevent or reduce the passage of particles or radiation
sonogram
Record produced by ultrasonography
tagging
process of tracing a radioactive isotope that has become involved in metabolic or chemical actions
tomography
process of cutting across and producing images of single tissue planes that help place into focus a very particular object within a larger field
ultrasonic
pertaining to sounds beyond 20,000 cycles/sec
ultrasonography
process of using ultrasound to produce a record of ultrasonic echoes as they strike tissues of different densities
AP
anteroposterior
Ba
barium
BE
barium enema
BSE
breast self – examination
Ci
curie
CT
computed tomography
IV
intravenous
lat
lateral
mCi
millicurie
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
PA
posteroanterior
Pb
lead
PET
positron emission tomography
PO
orally; by mouth
R
roentgen
Ra
radium
rad
radiation absorbed dose
