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Medical Terminology > Module 2: Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Module 2: Ch. 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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1
Q

acr/o

A

extremity

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2
Q

albin/o

A

white

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3
Q

ang/i

A

vessel

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4
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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5
Q

caus/o

A

heat

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6
Q

cellul/o

A

little cell

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7
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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8
Q

derm/a

A

skin

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9
Q

derm/o

A

skin

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10
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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11
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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12
Q

follicul/o

A

little bag

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13
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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14
Q

icter/o

A

jaundice

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15
Q

integument/o

A

a covering

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16
Q

kel/o

A

tumor

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17
Q

kerat/o

A

horn

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18
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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19
Q

melan/o

A

black

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20
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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21
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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22
Q

pachy/o

A

thick

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23
Q

pedicul/o

A

a louse

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24
Q

plak/o

A

plate

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25
Q

prurit/o

A

itching

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26
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

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27
Q

scler/o

A

hard, hardening

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28
Q

seb/o

A

oil

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29
Q

therm/o

A

hot, heat

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30
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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31
Q

vuls/o

A

to pull

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32
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

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33
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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34
Q

skin

A 
in an average adult, it covers more than 3,000sqin of surface area , weighs more than 6lbs and is largest orang of the body
4 main functions: 
-protection
-regulation
-sensation
-secretion
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35
Q

protection

A

one of the functions of skin; responsible for keeping bacteria and other harmful agents from penetrating deeper tissues; skin’s protection also inhibits excessive loss of water and guards the body against excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays

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36
Q

regulation

A

under this function, skin serves to raise or lower body temperature as necessary

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37
Q

radiation

A

a regulatory process used when the body needs to lose heat, the blood vessels in the skin dilate bringing more blood to the surface for cooling

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38
Q

evaporation

A

a regulatory process that occurs when the sweat glands secrete more sweat for cooling

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39
Q

sensation

A

one of the functions of the skin, it describes how the skins microscopic nerve endings act as sensory receptors for pain, touch, heat, cold, and pressure

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40
Q

sensory receptors

A

specialized nerve cells that relay impulses from stimuli to the nervous system for response

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41
Q

perspiration

A

sweat secreted from the skin’s millions of sweat glands

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42
Q

sebaceous glands

A

the oil-secreting glands of the skin

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43
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

refers to the two kinds of sweat glands:

  • apocrine sweat glands
  • merocrine sweat glands
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45
Q

sebum

A

an oily secretion that acts to protect the body from dehydration and possible absorption of harmful substances

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46
Q

epidermis

A

one of the two layers of skin; it’s the outer layer of skin that varies in thickness; it can be divided into five strata:

  • stratum germinativum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum corneum
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47
Q

dermis

A

one of the two layers of skin, it’s sometimes called the corium or true skin; it is composed of connective tissue containing lymphatics, nerves and nerve endings, blood vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands, elastic fibers, and hair follicles;
has two subdivided layers:
-papillary layer (the upper layer)
-reticular layer (the lower layer)

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48
Q

papillary layer

upper layer

A

it produces the ridges of the skin seen from fingerprints or footprints

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49
Q

reticular layer

lower layer

A

it is composed of white fibrous tissue that support the blood vessels

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50
Q

papillae

A

microscopic structures arranged into parallel rows of the papillary layer

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51
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

attaches the dermis to underlying structures; this tissue supports, nourishes, insulates, and cushions the skin

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52
Q

vernix caseosa

A

a cheese like substance that covers the fetus before birth

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53
Q

hair

A

a thin, threadlike structure formed by a group of cells

54
Q

hair follicle

A

hair develops within this socket

55
Q

shaft

A

the visible portion of the hair

56
Q

hair root

A

part of the hair embedded within the follicle

57
Q

hair papilla

A

connective tissue that encloses a loop of capillaries at the base of each follicle

58
Q

pilomotor muscle

A

attaches to the side of each follicle

59
Q

fingernails/toenails

A

horny cell structures of the epidermis that are composed of hard keratin

60
Q

nail body

A

the entire exposed nail

61
Q

nail root

A

where growth of nail occurs, embedded under the skin

62
Q

nail bed

matrix

A

surface area that lies between the nail body and skin

63
Q

lunula

little moon

A

the white, crescent-shaped area of the nail

64
Q

acne

A

inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands and the hair follicles; pimples

65
Q

albinism

A

albin -ism
white = condition

genetic condition in which there is partial or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes

66
Q

alopecia

A

a- lopec -ia
without = fox mange= condition

absence or loss of hair, especially of the head, baldness

67
Q

anhidrosis

A

an- hidr -osis
without = sweat = condition

abnormal condition in which there is a lack of or complete absence of sweating

68
Q

boil

A

acute, infected, painful nodule formed in the subcutaneous layers of the skin, gland, or hair follicle; most often caused by the invasion of staphylococci; furuncle

69
Q

bulla

A

larger blister; a bleb

70
Q

callus

A

hardened skin

71
Q

candidiasis

A

infection of the skin or mucous membranes with any species of Candida but chiefly Candida albicans

72
Q

carbuncle

A

infection of the subcutaneous tissue, usually composed of a cluster of boils

73
Q

cellulitis

A

cellul -itis
little cell = inflammation

an acute, diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

74
Q

cicatrix

A

scar left after the healing of a wound

75
Q

comedo

A

blackhead

76
Q

corn

A

condition of horny induration and thickening of the skin that may be soft or hard depending on location; caused by pressure, friction, or both from ill-fitting shoes

77
Q

cutaneous

A

cutane -ous
skin = pertaining to

pertaining to the skin

78
Q

cyst

A

closed sac that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material

79
Q

decubitus

A

de- cubit -us
down = to lie = pertaining to

an area of skin and tissue that becomes injured or broken down; also known as a bedsore or pressure ulcer; literal meaning of the word decubitus is a lying down

80
Q

dehiscence

A

surgical complication where there is separation or bursting open of a surgical wound

81
Q

dermatitis

A

dermat -itis
skin = inflammation

inflammation of the skin

82
Q

dermatologist

A

dermat/o log -ist
skin = study of = one who specializes

physician who specializes in the study of the skin

83
Q

dermatology

A

dermat/o -logy
skin = study of

study of the skin

84
Q

eczema

A

an acute or chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs alone or in combination; the most promising treatment involves nonsteroidal skin medications classified as topical immunomodulators (TIMS) or topical calcineurin (a protein phosphatase) inhibitor

85
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin; may be caused by capillary congestion, inflammation, heat, sunlight, or cold temperature

86
Q

erythroderma

A

erythr/o -derma
red = skin

abnormal redness of the skin occurring over widespread areas of the body

87
Q

eschar

A

slough, scab

88
Q

exudate

A

an oozing of pus or serum

89
Q

folliculitis

A

follicul -itis
little bag = inflammation

inflammation of a follicle or follicles

90
Q

gangrene

A

literally means an eating sore; it is a necrosis, or death, of tissue or bone that usually results from a deficient or absent blood supply to the area

91
Q

herpes simplex

A

an inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpes virus (type I); cold sore or fever blister

92
Q

hives

A

eruption of itching and burning swellings on the skin; urticaria

93
Q

hyperhydrosis

A

hyper- hidr -osis
excessive = sweat = condition

abnormal condition of excessive sweating

94
Q

hypodermic

A

hypo- derm -ic
under = skin = pertaining to

pertaining to under the skin or inserted under the skin, as a hypodermic injection

95
Q

icteric

A

icter -ic
jaundice = pertaining to

pertaining to jaundice

96
Q

impetigo

A

skin infection marked by vesicles or bullae; usually caused by streptococci (strep) or staphylococci

97
Q

integumentary

A

integument -ary
a covering = pertaining to

covering the skin; consisting of the dermis and the epidermis

98
Q

intradermal (ID)

A

intra- derm -al
within = skin = pertaining to

pertaining to within the skin, as an intradermal injection

99
Q

jaundice

A

jaund -ic(e)
yellow = pertaining to

yellow; a symptom of a disease in which there is excessive bile in the blood; the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes are yellow; icterus

100
Q

keloid

A

kel -oid
tumor = resemble

overgrowth of scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation

101
Q

lentigo

A

a flat, brownish spot on the skin sometimes caused by exposure to the sun and weather; freckle

102
Q

leukoderma

A

leuk/o -derma
white = skin

localized loss of pigmentation of the skin

103
Q

melanocarcinoma

A

melan/o carcin -oma
black = cancer = tumor

cancerous tumor that has black pigmentation

104
Q

melanoma

A

melan -oma
black = tumor

cancer that develops in the pigment cells do the skin; malignant black mole or tumor

105
Q

miliaria

A

miliar -ia
millet(tiny) = condition

called prickly heat; commonly seen in newborns and/or infants; it is caused by excessive body warmth

106
Q

mole

A

pigmented, elevated spot above the surface of the skin; a nevus

107
Q

onychitis

A

onych -itis
nail = inflammation

inflammation of the nail

108
Q

onychomycosis

A

onych/o myc -osis
nail = fungus = condition

a fungal infection of the nails

109
Q

pediculosis

A

pedicul -osis
a louse = condition

condition of infestation with lice

110
Q

petechiae

A

small, pinpoint, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin

111
Q

pruritis

A

prurit -us
itching = pertaining to

severe itching

112
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic skin condition characterized by frequent episodes of redness, itching, and thick, dry scales on the skin

113
Q

purpura

A

purplish discoloration of the skin caused by extravasation of blood into the tissues

114
Q

rubella

A

systemic disease caused by a virus and characterized by a rash and fever; also called German measles and three-day measles

115
Q

scar

A

mark left by the healing process of a wound, sore, or injury

116
Q

seborrhea

A

seb/o -rrhea
oil = flow

excessive flow (secretion) of oil from the sebaceous glands

117
Q

sebum

A

fatty or oily secretion produced by the sebaceous glands

118
Q

striae

plural

A

streaks or lines on the breasts, thighs, abdomen, or buttocks caused by weakening of elastic tissue; can be caused by obesity or result of pregnancy

119
Q

subcutaneous

Sub-Q, sub-Q)

A

sub- cutane -ous
below = skin = pertaining to

pertaining to below the skin, as a subcutaneous injection

120
Q

subungual

A

sub- ungu -al
below = nail = pertaining to

pertaining to below the nail

121
Q

tinea

A

contagious skin diseases affecting both humans and domestic animals, caused by certain fungi and marked by the localized appearance of discolored, scaly patches on the skin; also called ringworm

122
Q

ulcer

A

open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane

123
Q

vitiligo

A

skin condition characterized by milk-white patches surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation

124
Q

wart

A

a skin lesion with a rough papillomatous surface (of viral origin) on the epidermis; verruca

125
Q

wound

A

injury to soft tissue caused by trauma; generally classified as open or closed

126
Q

xeroderma

A

xer/o -derma
dry = skin

dry skin

127
Q

xerosis

A

xer -osis
dry = condition

abnormal dryness of skin, mucous membranes, or the conjunctiva

128
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

129
Q

decub

A

decubitus

130
Q

Sub-Q

A

subcutaneous

131
Q

Hx

A

history

132
Q

ID

A

intradermal

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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