Module 2: Ch. 5 Flashcards
aden/o
gland
acr/o
extremity
albin/o
white
ang/i
vessel
carcin/o
cancer
caus/o
heat
cellul/o
little cell
cutane/o
skin
derm/a
skin
derm/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
erythr/o
red
follicul/o
little bag
hidr/o
sweat
icter/o
jaundice
integument/o
a covering
kel/o
tumor
kerat/o
horn
leuk/o
white
melan/o
black
myc/o
fungus
onych/o
nail
pachy/o
thick
pedicul/o
a louse
plak/o
plate
prurit/o
itching
rhytid/o
wrinkle
scler/o
hard, hardening
seb/o
oil
therm/o
hot, heat
trich/o
hair
vuls/o
to pull
xanth/o
yellow
xer/o
dry
skin
in an average adult, it covers more than 3,000sqin of surface area , weighs more than 6lbs and is largest orang of the body 4 main functions: -protection -regulation -sensation -secretion
protection
one of the functions of skin; responsible for keeping bacteria and other harmful agents from penetrating deeper tissues; skin’s protection also inhibits excessive loss of water and guards the body against excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays
regulation
under this function, skin serves to raise or lower body temperature as necessary
radiation
a regulatory process used when the body needs to lose heat, the blood vessels in the skin dilate bringing more blood to the surface for cooling
evaporation
a regulatory process that occurs when the sweat glands secrete more sweat for cooling
sensation
one of the functions of the skin, it describes how the skins microscopic nerve endings act as sensory receptors for pain, touch, heat, cold, and pressure
sensory receptors
specialized nerve cells that relay impulses from stimuli to the nervous system for response
perspiration
sweat secreted from the skin’s millions of sweat glands
sebaceous glands
the oil-secreting glands of the skin
sudoriferous glands
refers to the two kinds of sweat glands:
- apocrine sweat glands
- merocrine sweat glands
sebum
an oily secretion that acts to protect the body from dehydration and possible absorption of harmful substances
epidermis
one of the two layers of skin; it’s the outer layer of skin that varies in thickness; it can be divided into five strata:
- stratum germinativum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum corneum
dermis
one of the two layers of skin, it’s sometimes called the corium or true skin; it is composed of connective tissue containing lymphatics, nerves and nerve endings, blood vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands, elastic fibers, and hair follicles;
has two subdivided layers:
-papillary layer (the upper layer)
-reticular layer (the lower layer)
papillary layer
upper layer
it produces the ridges of the skin seen from fingerprints or footprints
reticular layer
lower layer
it is composed of white fibrous tissue that support the blood vessels
papillae
microscopic structures arranged into parallel rows of the papillary layer
subcutaneous tissue
attaches the dermis to underlying structures; this tissue supports, nourishes, insulates, and cushions the skin
vernix caseosa
a cheese like substance that covers the fetus before birth
hair
a thin, threadlike structure formed by a group of cells
hair follicle
hair develops within this socket
shaft
the visible portion of the hair
hair root
part of the hair embedded within the follicle
hair papilla
connective tissue that encloses a loop of capillaries at the base of each follicle
pilomotor muscle
attaches to the side of each follicle
fingernails/toenails
horny cell structures of the epidermis that are composed of hard keratin
nail body
the entire exposed nail
nail root
where growth of nail occurs, embedded under the skin
nail bed
matrix
surface area that lies between the nail body and skin
lunula
little moon
the white, crescent-shaped area of the nail
acne
inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands and the hair follicles; pimples
albinism
albin -ism
white = condition
genetic condition in which there is partial or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes
alopecia
a- lopec -ia
without = fox mange= condition
absence or loss of hair, especially of the head, baldness
anhidrosis
an- hidr -osis
without = sweat = condition
abnormal condition in which there is a lack of or complete absence of sweating
boil
acute, infected, painful nodule formed in the subcutaneous layers of the skin, gland, or hair follicle; most often caused by the invasion of staphylococci; furuncle
bulla
larger blister; a bleb
callus
hardened skin
candidiasis
infection of the skin or mucous membranes with any species of Candida but chiefly Candida albicans
carbuncle
infection of the subcutaneous tissue, usually composed of a cluster of boils
cellulitis
cellul -itis
little cell = inflammation
an acute, diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
cicatrix
scar left after the healing of a wound
comedo
blackhead
corn
condition of horny induration and thickening of the skin that may be soft or hard depending on location; caused by pressure, friction, or both from ill-fitting shoes
cutaneous
cutane -ous
skin = pertaining to
pertaining to the skin
cyst
closed sac that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material
decubitus
de- cubit -us
down = to lie = pertaining to
an area of skin and tissue that becomes injured or broken down; also known as a bedsore or pressure ulcer; literal meaning of the word decubitus is a lying down
dehiscence
surgical complication where there is separation or bursting open of a surgical wound
dermatitis
dermat -itis
skin = inflammation
inflammation of the skin
dermatologist
dermat/o log -ist
skin = study of = one who specializes
physician who specializes in the study of the skin
dermatology
dermat/o -logy
skin = study of
study of the skin
eczema
an acute or chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs alone or in combination; the most promising treatment involves nonsteroidal skin medications classified as topical immunomodulators (TIMS) or topical calcineurin (a protein phosphatase) inhibitor
erythema
redness of the skin; may be caused by capillary congestion, inflammation, heat, sunlight, or cold temperature
erythroderma
erythr/o -derma
red = skin
abnormal redness of the skin occurring over widespread areas of the body
eschar
slough, scab
exudate
an oozing of pus or serum
folliculitis
follicul -itis
little bag = inflammation
inflammation of a follicle or follicles
gangrene
literally means an eating sore; it is a necrosis, or death, of tissue or bone that usually results from a deficient or absent blood supply to the area
herpes simplex
an inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpes virus (type I); cold sore or fever blister
hives
eruption of itching and burning swellings on the skin; urticaria
hyperhydrosis
hyper- hidr -osis
excessive = sweat = condition
abnormal condition of excessive sweating
hypodermic
hypo- derm -ic
under = skin = pertaining to
pertaining to under the skin or inserted under the skin, as a hypodermic injection
icteric
icter -ic
jaundice = pertaining to
pertaining to jaundice
impetigo
skin infection marked by vesicles or bullae; usually caused by streptococci (strep) or staphylococci
integumentary
integument -ary
a covering = pertaining to
covering the skin; consisting of the dermis and the epidermis
intradermal (ID)
intra- derm -al
within = skin = pertaining to
pertaining to within the skin, as an intradermal injection
jaundice
jaund -ic(e)
yellow = pertaining to
yellow; a symptom of a disease in which there is excessive bile in the blood; the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes are yellow; icterus
keloid
kel -oid
tumor = resemble
overgrowth of scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation
lentigo
a flat, brownish spot on the skin sometimes caused by exposure to the sun and weather; freckle
leukoderma
leuk/o -derma
white = skin
localized loss of pigmentation of the skin
melanocarcinoma
melan/o carcin -oma
black = cancer = tumor
cancerous tumor that has black pigmentation
melanoma
melan -oma
black = tumor
cancer that develops in the pigment cells do the skin; malignant black mole or tumor
miliaria
miliar -ia
millet(tiny) = condition
called prickly heat; commonly seen in newborns and/or infants; it is caused by excessive body warmth
mole
pigmented, elevated spot above the surface of the skin; a nevus
onychitis
onych -itis
nail = inflammation
inflammation of the nail
onychomycosis
onych/o myc -osis
nail = fungus = condition
a fungal infection of the nails
pediculosis
pedicul -osis
a louse = condition
condition of infestation with lice
petechiae
small, pinpoint, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin
pruritis
prurit -us
itching = pertaining to
severe itching
psoriasis
chronic skin condition characterized by frequent episodes of redness, itching, and thick, dry scales on the skin
purpura
purplish discoloration of the skin caused by extravasation of blood into the tissues
rubella
systemic disease caused by a virus and characterized by a rash and fever; also called German measles and three-day measles
scar
mark left by the healing process of a wound, sore, or injury
seborrhea
seb/o -rrhea
oil = flow
excessive flow (secretion) of oil from the sebaceous glands
sebum
fatty or oily secretion produced by the sebaceous glands
striae
plural
streaks or lines on the breasts, thighs, abdomen, or buttocks caused by weakening of elastic tissue; can be caused by obesity or result of pregnancy
subcutaneous
Sub-Q, sub-Q)
sub- cutane -ous
below = skin = pertaining to
pertaining to below the skin, as a subcutaneous injection
subungual
sub- ungu -al
below = nail = pertaining to
pertaining to below the nail
tinea
contagious skin diseases affecting both humans and domestic animals, caused by certain fungi and marked by the localized appearance of discolored, scaly patches on the skin; also called ringworm
ulcer
open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane
vitiligo
skin condition characterized by milk-white patches surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation
wart
a skin lesion with a rough papillomatous surface (of viral origin) on the epidermis; verruca
wound
injury to soft tissue caused by trauma; generally classified as open or closed
xeroderma
xer/o -derma
dry = skin
dry skin
xerosis
xer -osis
dry = condition
abnormal dryness of skin, mucous membranes, or the conjunctiva
Bx
biopsy
decub
decubitus
Sub-Q
subcutaneous
Hx
history
ID
intradermal
