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Medical Terminology > Module 3: Ch. 11 > Flashcards

Module 3: Ch. 11 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

anthrac/o

A

coal

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1
Q

alveol/o

A

small, hollow air sac

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2
Q

aspirat/o

A

to draw in

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3
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect

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4
Q

bronch/i

A

bronchi

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5
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchi

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6
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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7
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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8
Q

con/i

A

dust

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9
Q

cyan/o

A

dark blue

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10
Q

cyst/o

A

sac

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11
Q

diaphragmat/o

A

diaphragm, partition

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12
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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13
Q

halat/o

A

breathe

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14
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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15
Q

laryng/e

A

larynx, voice box

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16
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx, voice box

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17
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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18
Q

mes/o

A

middle

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19
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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20
Q

olfact/o

A

smell

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21
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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22
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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23
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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24
Q

palat/o

A

palate

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25
Q

pector/o

A

breast, chest

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26
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx, throat

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27
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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28
Q

pneum/o

A

air

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29
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung

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30
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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31
Q

py/o

A

pus

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32
Q

respirat/o

A

breathing

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33
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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34
Q

rhonch/o

A

snore

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35
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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36
Q

spir/o

A

breath

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37
Q

thel/i

A

nipple

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38
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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39
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil, almond

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40
Q

trach/e

A

trachea

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41
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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42
Q

tubercul/o

A

a little swelling

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43
Q

ventilat/o

A

to air

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44
Q

respiration (R)

A

involves the process of oxygen intake to tissue cells and taking away of their gaseous waste, or carbon dioxide

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45
Q

external respiration

A

the process by which the lungs are ventilated and oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air in the lungs and the blood within capillaries of the alveoli

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46
Q

internal respiration

A

the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood in tissue capillaries and the cells of the body

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47
Q

nose

A

the projection in the center of the face; it consists of an external and internal portion

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48
Q

nostrils

A

refers to the external entrance of the nose

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49
Q

anterior nares

A

another term for nostrils; the external entrance of the nose

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50
Q

the 3 air passages of the nose

A

1) superior concha(e)
2) middle concha(e)
3) inferior concha(e)

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51
Q

cilia

A

hairlike processes that cover the mucous membrane of the nose

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52
Q

the 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses that drain into the nose

A

1) frontal sinus
2) maxillary sinus
3) ethmoid sinus
4) sphenoid sinus

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53
Q

cleft palate

A

a congenital defect that occurs when the palatine bones fail to unite during fetal development

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54
Q

pharynx

A

a musculomembranous tube about 5 inches long that extends from the base of the skull, lies anterior to the cervical vertebrae, and becomes continuous with the esophagus

55
Q

tonsils

A

two small masses of lymphoid tissue in the throat, on either side of the root of the tongue

56
Q

larynx

A

voice box; a structure made of muscle and cartilage and lined with mucous membrane

57
Q

glottis

A

a narrow slit at the opening between the true vocal folds of the larynx cavity

58
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

the largest cartilage in the larynx and forms the structure commonly called the Adam’s apple; it’s more prominent structure in men, contributes to the deeper male voice

59
Q

epiglottis

A

it covers the entrance of the larynx; during swallowing, it acts as a lid to prevent aspiration of food into the trachea, which would cause irritation, coughing, or choking

60
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

the lowermost cartilage of the larynx; it is shaped like a signet ring with the broad portion being posterior and the anterior portion forming the arch and resembling the ring’s band

61
Q

tidal volume (TV)

A

amount of air in a single inspiration and expiration; in the average adult male, about 500 mL of air enters the respiratory tract during normal quiet breathing

62
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

amount of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal quiet respiration; this is also called the, supplemental air, and measures approximately 1000-1200 mL

63
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal inspiration and measures approximately 3600 mL

64
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration, about 1500 mL

65
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration; this amount equals the sum of the tidal air, complemental air, and the supplemental air

66
Q

functional residual capacity

A

volume of air that remains in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration

67
Q

total lung capacity (TLC)

A

maximal volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration

68
Q

alveolus

A

alveoli -us
hollow air sac = pertaining to

pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs

69
Q

anthracosis

A

anthrac -osis
coal = condition

lung condition caused by inhalation of coal dust and silica; also called black lung

70
Q

apnea

A

a- -pnea
lack of = breathing

temporary cessation of breathing

71
Q

asphyxia

A

a- sphyx -ia
lack of = pulse = condition

emergency condition in which there is a depletion of oxygen in the blood with an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues

72
Q

aspiration

A

aspirat -ion
to draw in = process

the act of drawing in or out by suction using a device such as a syringe or needle

73
Q

asthma

A

disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest

74
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

rhythmic cycle of breathing with a gradual increase in respiration followed by apnea (which may last from 10 to 60 seconds), then a repeat of the same cycle

75
Q

cough

A

sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs; an essential protective response that clears irritants, secretions, or foreign objects from the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs

76
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor

77
Q

cyanosis

A

cyan -osis
dark blue = condition

abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membrane caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood; the skin, fingernails, and mucous membranes can appear slightly bluish or grayish

78
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

cyst -ic fibr -osis
sac = pertaining to = fiber = condition

inherited disease that affects the entire body, causing progressive disability and often early death

79
Q

diaphragmatocele

A

diaphrag- mat/o -cele
diaphragm = partition = hernia, tumor

hernia of the diaphragm

80
Q

dysphonia

A

dys- phon -ia
difficult = voice = condition

condition of difficulty in speaking; coarseness

81
Q

dyspnea

A

dys -pnea
difficult = breathing

literally means difficulty in breathing

82
Q

emphysema

A

chronic pulmonary disease in which the alveoli become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged or destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs

83
Q

empyema

A

pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity

84
Q

epistaxis

A

epi- -staxis
upon = dripping

nosebleed; usually results from traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the mucous membranes of the nose

85
Q

eupnea

A

eu- -pnea
good, normal = breathing

good or normal breathing

86
Q

exhalation

A

ex- halat -ion
out = breathe = process

process of breathing out

87
Q

expectoration

A

ex- pector(at) -ion
out = breast, chest = process

process of coughing up and spitting out material (sputum) from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea

88
Q

Heimlich maneuver

A

technique for forcing a foreign body (usually a bolus of food) out of the trachea

89
Q

hemoptysis

A

hem/o -ptysis
blood = to spit

spitting up blood

90
Q

hyperpnea

A

hyper- -pnea
excessive = breathing

excessive or rapid breathing

91
Q

hyperventilation

A

hyper- ventilat -ion
excessive = to air = process

process of excessive ventilating, thereby increasing the air in the lungs beyond the normal limit

92
Q

hypoxia

A

hyp- ox -ia
below, deficient = oxygen = condition

condition of deficient amounts of oxygen in the inspired air

93
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious respiratory infection caused by a virus

94
Q

inhalation

A

in- halat -ion
in = breathe = process

process of breathing in

95
Q

Legionnaire’s disease

A

severe pulmonary pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophilia

96
Q

mesothelioma

A

mes/o thel/i -oma
middle = nipple = tumor

malignant tumor of mesothelium (serous membrane of the pleura) caused by the inhalation of asbestos

97
Q

olfaction

A

olfact -ion
smell = process

process of smelling

98
Q

orthopnea

A

orth/o -pnea
straight = breathing

inability to breathe unless in an upright or straight position

99
Q

pertussis

A

acute, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis; characterized by a peculiar paroxysmal cough ending in a “crowing” or “whooping” sound

100
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor

101
Q

pleuritis

A

pleur -itis
pleura = inflammation

inflammation of the pleura

102
Q

pneumonia

A

pneumon -ia
lung, air = condition

inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants

103
Q

polyp

A

tumor with a stem; can occur where there are mucous membranes, such as the nose, ears, mouth, uterus, and intestines

104
Q

rale

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; a crackling, rattling, or bubbling sound

105
Q

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

condition that can occur in a premature infant in which the lungs are not matured to the point of manufacturing lecithin, a pulmonary surfactant, resulting in collapse of the alveoli, which leads to cyanosis and hypoxia

106
Q

rhinorrhea

A

rhin/o -rrhea
nose = flow, discharge

discharge from the nose

107
Q

rhinovirus

A

rhin/o vir -us
nose = virus = pertaining to

one of a subgroup of viruses that cause the common cold (coryza) in humans

108
Q

rhoncus

A

rhonch -us
snore = pertaining to

rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction

109
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS)

A

contagious viral respiratory infection that was first described in February 2003; a serious form of pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress and sometimes death

110
Q

spirometer

A

spir/o -meter
breath = instrument to measure

medical instrument used to measure lung volume during inspiration and expiration

111
Q

sputum

A

substance called up from the lungs; can be watery, thick, purulent, clear, or bloody and can contain microorganisms

112
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched sound caused by partial obstruction of the air passageway

113
Q

tachypnea

A

tachy- -pnea
rapid = breathing

rapid breathing

114
Q

tracheostomy

A

trache/o -stomy
trachea = new opening

new opening into the trachea (windpipe)

115
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

tubercul -osis
a little swelling = condition

infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

116
Q

wheeze

A

a high-pitched whistling sound caused by constriction of the air passageway associated with an asthma attack

117
Q

decongestants

A

these agents are used for the temporary relief of nasal congestion associated with the common cold, hay fever, other upper respiratory allergies, and sinusitis; examples are Sudafed, Coricidin, Sinutab Long-Lasting Sinus Spray, and Afrin

118
Q

antitussives

A
  • non-narcotic agents- anesthetizes the stretch receptors located in the respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura by dampening their activity, reducing the cough reflex at its source
    * narcotic agents- depress the cough center located in the medulla, thereby raising its threshold for incoming cough impulse
119
Q

expectorants

A

promote and facilitate the removal of mucus from the lower respiratory tract; examples include Robitussin and Mucinex DM

120
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

121
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

122
Q

ARDS

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome

123
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

124
Q

COLD

A

chronic obstructive lung disease

125
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

126
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, throat; otorhinolaryngology

127
Q

ET

A

endotracheal

128
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

129
Q

IRDS

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

130
Q

RD

A

respiratory disease

131
Q

SARS

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

132
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

133
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

134
Q

TLC

A

total lung capacity

135
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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