Module 2: Ch. 6 Flashcards
acr/o
extremity
acetabul/o
acetabulum
ankyl/o
stiffening, crooked
arthr/o
joint
burs/o
a pouch
calcan/e
heel bone
carcin/o
cancer
carp/o
wrist
cartilagin/o
cartilage
chondr/o
cartilage
clavicul/o
clavicle, collarbone
coccyg/e
coccyx, tailbone
coccyg/o
coccyx, tailbone
coll/a
glue
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
dactyl/o
finger or toe
femor/o
femur
fibul/o
fibula
fixat/o
fastened
humer/o
humerus
ili/o
ilium
isch/i
ischium, hip
kyph/o
a hump
lamin/o
lamina (thin plate)
lord/o
bending, curve, swayback
lumb/o
loin, lower back
mandibul/o
lower jawbone
maxill/o
jawbone
menisc/i
crescent
myel/o
bone marrow
oste/o
bone
patell/o
kneecap
ped/o
foot
phalang/e
phalanges (finger/toe bones)
rach/i
spine
rad/i
radius
radio/o
x-ray
rheumat/o
discharge
sacr/o
sacrum
sarc/o
flesh
scapul/o
shoulder blade
scoli/o
curvature
spin/o
spine
spondyl/o
vertebra
stern/o
sternum, breastbone
tendon/o
tendon
tibi/o
tibia
tract/o
to draw
uln/o
ulna, elbow
vertebr/o
vertebra
xiph/o
sword
How many bones compose the human adult skeletal system?
206 bones
axial skeleton
one of the two main groups of bones that make up the human skeletal system; consists of 80 bones, principal bones are the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum
appendicular skeleton
one of the two main groups of bones that make up the human skeletal system; consists of 126 bones, primary bones are the shoulder girdle, arms, and hands and the pelvic girdle, legs, and feet
joint (jt)
an articulation, a place where two or more bones connect
synarthrotic joints
{fibrous} they do not permit movement; the bones are in close contact with each other, but there is no joint cavity; i.e. cranial suture
amphiarthrotic joints
{cartilaginous} they permit very slight movement; i.e. vertebra
diarthrotic joints
{synovial} they allow free movement in a variety of directions; a synovial membrane lines the joint and produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint; i.e. knee, hip, elbow, wrist, and foot
flexion
bending a limb
extension
straightening a flexed limb
abduction
moving a body part AWAY from the middle
adduction
moving a body part TOWARD the middle
circumduction
moving a body part in a circular motion
protraction
moving a body part FORWARD
retraction
moving a body part BACKWARD
rotation
moving a body part around a central axis
pronation
lying prone (face DOWNWARD); also turning the palm downward
supination
lying supine (face UPWARD); also turning the palm or foot upward
dorsiflexion
bending a body part BACKWARD
eversion
turning OUTWARD
inversion
turning INWARD
fracture (Fx)
a crack or break in the bone
closed fracture
simple
a completely internal break that does not involve a break in the skin
open fracture
compound
this fracture projects through the skin and there is a possibility of infection or hemorrhage; more dangerous than a closed fracture
transverse fracture
breaks the shaft of a bone across its longitudinal axis
comminuted fracture
shatters the affected part into a multitude of bony fragments
greenstick fracture
only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other is bent; usually occurs in children whose long bones have not fully ossified
spiral fracture
produced by twisting stresses that are spread along the length of a bone
colles’ fracture
a break in the distal portion of the radius; often the result of reaching out to cushion a fall
pott’s fracture
occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the lower leg (fibula and tibia)
compression fracture
occurs in vertebrae subjected to extreme stresses, as when one falls and lands on his or her bottom
vertebral compression fracture
Fractures of the spine (vertebra) can cause severe “band-like” pain that radiates from the back to the sides of the body
epiphyseal fracture
usually occurs through the growth plate where the matrix is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes (cartilage cells) are dying; this type of fracture is seen in children
stress fracture
usually occurs during the course of normal activity; some patients with osteoporosis develop stress fractures of the feet while walking or stepping off a curb
hip fracture
typically occurs as a result of a fall; with osteoporosis, hip fractures can occur as a result of trivial accidents
achondroplasia
a- chondr/o -plasia
without = cartilage = formation
defect in the formation of cartilage at the epiphyses of long bones
acroarthritis
acr/o arthr -itis
extremity = joint = inflammation
inflammation of the joints of the hands or feet (the extremities)
ankylosis
ankyl -osis
stiffening, crooked = inflammation
abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint
arthralgia
arthr -algia
joint = pain
joint pain
arthritis
arthr -itis
joint = inflammation
inflammation of a joint that can result from various disease processes, such as injury to a joint (including fracture), an attack on the joints by the body itself (an autoimmune disease), or general wear and tear on joints
arthrocentesis
arthr/o -centesis
joint = surgical puncture
surgical procedure to remove joint fluid; may be used as a diagnostic tool or as part of a treatment regimen
arthroplasty
arthr/o -plasty
joint = surgical repair
surgical procedure used to repair a joint
bursa
pad-like sac between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovial membrane and contains a fluid, synovia
bursitis
burs -itis
a pouch = inflammation
inflammation of a bursa
calcaneal
calcan/e -al
heel bone = pertaining to
pertaining to the heel bone
carpal
carp -al
wrist = pertaining to
pertaining to the wrist bones; there are two rows of four bones in the wrist for a total of eight wrist bones
carpal tunnel syndrome
abnormal condition caused by compression of the median nerve by the carpal ligament due to injury or trauma to the area, including repetitive movement of the wrist
dactylic
dactyl -ic
finger or toe = pertaining to
pertaining to the finger or toe
dactylogram
dactyl/o -gram
finger or toe = mark, record
medical term for fingerprint
dislocation
dis- locat -ion
apart = to place = process
displacement of a bone from a joint
genu valgum
medical term for knock-knee
genu varum
medical term for bowleg
gout
hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, which is marked by joint inflammation
hallux
medical term for the big or great toe
kyphosis
kyph -osis
a hump = condition
condition in which the normal thoracic curvature becomes exaggerated, producing a “humpback” appearance
ligament
band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones, cartilages, and other structures; also serves as a place for the attachment fascia
lordosis
lord -osis
bending, curve = condition
an abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
osteoarthritis (OA)
oste/o arthr -itis
bone = joint = inflammation
inflammation of the bone and joint; the most common type of arthritis in the United States and in people over 55 years of age; women are more likely to suffer from this condition
osteoporosis
oste/o por -osis
bone = a passage = condition
abnormal condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bones, decreasing the strength and causing fragile bones, which can result in fractures
reduction
re- duct -ion
back = to lead = process
manipulative or surgical procedure used to correct a fracture or hernia
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
rheumat -oid arthr -itis
discharge = resemble = joint = inflammation
chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling which results in crippling deformities
scoliosis
scoli -osis
curvature = condition
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine; the characteristic signs include asymmetry of the trunk, uneven shoulders and hips, a one-sided rib hump, and a prominent scapula
splint
appliance used for fixation,support, and rest of an injured body part
sprain
a traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles, or ligaments around a joint characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration
spur
sharp or pointed projection, as on a bone
tennis elbow
chronic condition characterized by elbow pain caused by excessive pronation and supination activities of the forearm; usually caused by strain, as in playing tennis
traction (Tx)
tract -ion
to draw = process
process of drawing or pulling on bones or muscles to relieve displacement and facilitate healing
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
BMD
bone mineral density (test)
CDH
congenital dislocation of hip
Fx
fracture
jt
joint
KJ
knee jerk
lig
ligament
OA
osteoarthritis
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
Tx
traction
