Module 3: Ch. 9 Flashcards
angi/o
vessel
ang/i
vessel
angin/o
to choke
arter/i
artery
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
fatty substance
atri/o
atrium
auscultat/o
listen to
card/i
heart
cardi/o
heart
chol/e
bile
circulat/o
circular
claudicat/o
to limp
corpor/e
body
cyan/o
dark blue
dilat/o
to widen
dynam/o
power
ech/o
reflected sound
electr/o
electricity
embol/o
a throwing in
glyc/o
sweet, sugar
hem/o
blood
infarct/o
infarct (necrosis of an area)
isch/o
to hold back
lipid/o
fat
lun/o
moon
man/o
thin
mitr/o
mitral valve
my/o
muscle
occlus/o
to close up
ox/i
oxygen
palpit/o
throbbing
pector/o
chest
phleb/o
vein
phon/o
sound
pulmonar/o
lung
rrhythm/o
rhythm
scler/o
hardening
sept/o
a partition
sin/o
a curve
sphygm/o
pulse
sten/o
narrowing
steth/o
chest
thromb/o
clot of blood
valvul/o
valve
vas/o
vessel
vascul/o
small vessel
ven/i
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
vers/o
turning
heart
the center of the cardiovascular system from which the various blood vessels originate and later return
the three layers of the heart
1) endocardium - the inner lining of the heart
2) myocardium - the muscular middle layer of the heart
3) pericardium - the outer membranous sac surrounding the heart
septum
a partition that separates the right and left chambers of the heart
atria
the upper chambers of the heart, separated by the interatrial septum
ventricles
the lower chambers of the heart, separated by the interventricular septum
right atrium (RA)
the right upper portion of the heart; it is a thin-walled space that receives blood from the upper and lower parts of the body (except the lungs)
right ventricle (RV)
the right lower portion of the heart; it receives blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve; when filled, the RV contracts
left atrium (LA)
the left upper portion of the heart; it receives blood rich in oxygen as it returns from the lungs via the left and right pulmonary veins
left ventricle (LV)
the left lower portion of the heart; it receives blood from the left atrium through the biscupid (mitral) valve; when filled the LV contracts
blood pressure (BP)
the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries
sphygmomanometer
an instrument used for measuring blood pressure
stethoscope
an instrument used to listen to someone’s heartbeat or breathing
pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic and diastolic readings; it indicates the tone of the arterial walls
anastomosis
anastom -osis
opening = condition
surgical connection between blood vessels or the joining of one hollow on tubular organ to another
aneurysm
abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel
angiocardiography (ACG)
angi/o cardi/o -graphy
vessel = heart = recording
video x-ray technique used to follow the passage of blood through the heart and great vessels after an intravenous injection of a radiopaque contrast substance
angioplasty
angi/o -plasty
vessel = surgical repair
surgical repair of a blood vessel or a nonsurgical technique for treating diseased arteries by temporarily inflating a tiny balloon inside an artery
arrhythmia
a- rrhythm -ia
lack of = rhythm = condition
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
arterial
arter/i -al
artery = pertaining to
pertaining to an artery
arteriosclerosis
arteri/o scler -osis
artery = hardening = condition
pathological condition of hardening of arteries
atherosclerosis
ather/o scler -osis
fatty substance = hardening = condition
pathological condition of the arteries characterized by the buildup of fatty substances and hardening of the walls
auscultation
auscultat -ion
listen to = process
method of physical assessment using a stethoscope to listen to sounds within the chest, abdomen, and other parts of the body
bradycardia
brady- card -ia
slow = heart = condition
abnormally slow heartbeat defined as less than 60 beats per minute
bruit
pathological noise; a sound of venous or arterial origin heard on auscultation
cardiologist
cardi/o log -ist
heart = study of = one who specializes
physician who specializes in the study of the heart
cholesterol (chol)
chol/e sterol
bile = solid (fat)
A normal soft, waxy substance found among the lipids (fats) in the bloodstream and all body cells
claudication
claudicat -ion
to limp = process
a dull, cramping pain in the hips, thighs, calves, or buttocks caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen to the muscles, due to narrowed arteries; it is one of the symptoms in peripheral artery disease (PAD)
coronary artery bypass graft
surgical procedure to assist blood flow to the myocardium by using a section of a saphenous vein or internal mammary artery to bypass or reroute blood around an obstructed or occluded coronary artery, thus improving blood flow and oxygen to the heart
coronary heart disease (CHD)
most common form of heart disease, also referred to as coronary artery disease; the term for the narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart
cyanosis
cyan -osis
dark blue = condition
abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membranes caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood
defibrillator
medical device used to restore a normal heart rhythm by delivering an electric shock
diastole
relaxation phase of the heart cycle during which the heart muscle relaxes and the heart chambers fill with blood
dysrhythmia
dys- rhythm -ia
difficult, abnormal = rhythm = condition
abnormality of the rhythm or rate of the heartbeat; it’s caused by a disturbance of the normal electrical activity within the heart and can be divided into two main groups: tachycardias and bradycardias
embolism
embol -ism
a throwing in = condition
pathological condition caused by obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign substances or a blood clot
endocardium
endo- card/I -um
within = heart = tissue
inner lining of the heart
fibrillation
fibrillat -ion
fibrils (small fibers) = process
quivering or spontaneous contraction of individual muscle fibers, an abnormal bioelectric potential occurring in neuropathies and myopathies
flutter
pathological rapid heart rate that may cause cardiac output to be decreased
heart failure (HF)
pathological condition in which the heart loses its ability to pump blood efficiently
hypertension (HTN)
hyper- tens -ion
excessive = pressure= process
high blood pressure (HBP)
hypotension
hypo- tens -ion
deficient = pressure = process
low blood pressure
infarction
infarct -ion
necrosis of an area = process
process of development of an infarct, which is death of tissue resulting from obstruction of blood flow
myocarditis
my/o card -itis
muscle = heart = inflammation
inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections that reach the heart
occlusion
occlus -ion
to close up = process
a blockage in a vessel, canal, or passage of the body
oximetry
ox/i -metry
oxygen = measurement
process of measuring the oxygen saturation of blood
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
use of a balloon-tipped catheter to compress fatty plaques against an artery wall
phlebitis
phleb -itis
vein = inflammation
inflammation of a vein; there will be redness (erythema), swelling (edema), and pain or burning along the length of the affected vein
phlebotomy
phleb/o -tomy
vein = incision
medical term used to describe the puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for analysis
septum
sept -um
a partition = tissue
wall or partition that divides or separates a body space or cavity
shock
a life- threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow
sphygmomanometer
sphygm/o man/o meter
pulse = thin = instrument to measure
medical instrument used to measure the arterial blood pressure
stent
medical device made of expandable, metal mesh that is placed by using a balloon catheter at the site of a narrowing artery to expand and then keep artery open
systole
contrastive phase of the heart cycle during which blood is forced into the systemic circulation via the aorta and the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary artery
tachycardia
tachy- card -ia
rapid = heart = condition
rapid heartbeat that is over 100 beats per minute
thrombophlebitis
thromb/o phleb -itis
clot of blood = vein = inflammation
inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus (blood clot)
thrombosis
thromb -osis
clot of blood = condition
a blood clot within the vascular system
triglyceride
tri- glyc -er -ide
three = sugar = relating to = having a particular quality
pertaining to an organic compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acids
varicose veins
swollen, dilated, and knotted veins that usually occur in the lower leg(s); result from a stagnated or sluggish flow of blood in combination with defective valves and weakened walls of the veins
vasoconstrictive
vas/o con- strict -ive
vessel = together = to draw = nature of
active narrowing of a blood vessel
vasodilator
vas/o dilat -or
vessel = to widen = one who
medicine that acts directly on smooth muscle cells within blood vessels to make them widen (dilate)
venipuncture
ven/i -puncture
vein = to pierce
puncture of a vein for the removal of blood for analysis
ACG
angiocardiography
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CHD
coronary heart disease
CHF
congestive heart failure
ECG, EKG
electrocardiogram
FHS
fetal heart sound
HBP
high blood pressure
Hgb
hemoglobin
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
OHS
open heart surgery
SOB
shortness of breath
