Module 4: Ch. 12 Flashcards
bacter/i
bacteria
albumin/o
protein
calc/i
calcium
col/o
colon
corpor/e
body
cutan/e
skin
cyst/o
bladder
excret/o
sifted out
glomerul/o
glomerulus, little ball
glycos/o
glucose, sugar
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
keton/o
ketone
lith/o
stone
meat/o
passage
micturit/o
to urinate
nephr/o
kidney
noct/o
night
perine/o
perineum
periton/e
peritoneum
py/o
pus
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
scler/o
hardening
son/o
sound
ur/o
urine, urinate, urination
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
urin/o
urine
kidneys
purplish-brown bean-shaped organs located behind the abdominal cavity on either side of he spine between thoracic vertebrae; function is to produce urine and help regulate and control body fluids
ureters
function is to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
urinary bladder
serves as a reservoir for urine
urethra
passageway of urine to the outside of the body; in the male conveys both urine and semen
nephrons
the structural and functional units of the organ
renal corpuscle
also called malpighian body, filtration unit of vertebrate nephrons, functional units of the kidney
tubule
a tube connected to an anatomical structure
glomerulus
a tuft of blood vessels surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule
Bowman’s capsule
a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine
albuminuria
albumin -uria
protein = urine
indicates the presence of serum protein in the urine
antidiuretic
anti- di(a)- uret -ic
against = through = urine = pertaining to
pertaining to a medications that decreases urine production and secretion
anuria
an- -uria
without = urine
literally means without the formation of urine; lack of urine production
calculus
pebble; any abnormal concretion
cystectomy
cyst -ectomy
bladder = surgical excision
surgical excision of the bladder or part of he bladder
cystitis
cyst -itis
bladder = inflammation
inflammation of the bladder, usually occuring secondarily to ascending urinary tract infections
cystocele
cyst/o -cele
bladder = hernia
hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
cystodynia
cyst/o -dynia
bladder = pain
pain in the bladder; commonly called cystalgia
cystoscope
cyst/o -scope
bladder = instrument for measuring
medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder
dialysis
dia- -lysis
through = destruction, to separate
medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte! and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function or in the absence of the kidney
diuresis
di(a) b ur -esis
through = urinate = condition
pathological condition of increased or excessive flow of urine
dysuria
dys- -uria
difficult, painful = urine
difficult or painful urination
edema
pathological condition in which the body tissues contain an accumulation of fluids
enuresis
en- ur -esis
within = urine = condition
condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting
excretory
excretor -y
sifted out = pertaining to
pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body
glomerular
glomerul -ar
little ball = pertaining to
literally means pertaining to the glomerulus; a tuft blood vessels located within the Bowman’s capsule that permit a greater surface area for filtration
glomerulitis
inflammation of the renal glomeruli
glycosuria
glycos -uria
glucose, sugar = urine
presence of glucose in the urine
hematuria
hemat -uria
blood = urine
presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine
hypercalciuria
hyper- calci -uria
excessive = calcium = urine
excessive amount of calcium in the urine
incontinence
in- continence
not = to hold
inability to hold or control urination or defecation
interstitial cystitis (IC)
chronically irritable and painful inflammation of the bladder wall
ketonuria
keton -uria
ketone = urine
presence of ketones in the urine resulting from breakdown of fats due to faulty carbohydrate metabolism
lithotripsy
lith/o -tripsy
stone = crushing
crushing of a kidney stone
meatus
opening or passage; the external opening of the urethra
nephritis
nephr -itis
kidney = inflammation
inflammation of the kidney
nephrocystitis
nephr/o cyst -itis
kidney = bladder = inflammation
inflammation of the bladder and the kidney
nephrolith
nephr/o -lith
kidney = stone
kidney stone; usually deposits of mineral salts, called calculi, in the kidney
nephroma
nephr -oma
kidney = tumor
kidney tumor
nephron
basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephrosclerosis
nephr/o scler -osis
kidney = hardening = condition
condition of hardening of the kidney
nocturia
noct -uria
night = urine
urination during the night
oliguria
olig- -uria
scanty = urine
scanty, decreased amount of urine
periurethral
peri- urethr -al
around = urethra = pertaining to
literally means pertaining to around the urethra; the immediate area surrounding the urethra
polyuria
poly- -uria
excessive = urine
literally means excessive secretion and discharge of urine; frequent urination
pyelocystitis
pyel/o cyst -itis
renal pelvis = bladder = inflammation
inflammation of the bladder and renal pelvis
pyelonephritis
pyel/o nephr -itis
renal pelvis = kidney = inflammation
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis; it is usually caused by bacteria entering the kidneys from the bladder
pyuria
py -uria
pus = urine
pus in the urine
renin
an enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone
residual urine
urine that is left in the bladder after urination
specimen
sample of tissue, blood, urine, or other material intended to show the nature of the whole
stricture
strict -ure
to tighten, contraction = process
abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureter, or urethra
urea
chief nitrogenous constituent of urine
uremia
ur -emia
urine = blood condition
excess of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood
urethralgia
urethr -algia
urethra = pain
pain in the urethra
urgency
sudden need to urinate
uric acid
end product of purine metabolism; common component of urinary and renal stones
urinalysis (UA)
analysis of urine; separating of the urine for examination to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urine
fluid secreted by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, stored in the bladder, and voided through the urethra
urobilin
ur/o bil -in
urination = bile = chemical
brown pigment formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen; may be formed in the urine after exposure to air
urochrome
pigment that gives the urine the normal yellow
void
to empty the bladder
AGN
acute glomerulonephritis
ARF
acute renal failure
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
CGN
chronic glomerulonephritis
cm
centimeter
CRF
chronic renal failure
ESRD
end – stage renal disease
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
GU
genitourinary
H
hydrogen
HCO3
bicarbonate
HD
hemodialysis
K
potassium
KUB
kidney, ureter, bladder
LOC
level of consciousness
Na
sodium
NaCl
sodium chloride
NH3
ammonia
pH
hydrogen ion concentration
PKU
phenylketonuria
UA
urine analysis
UG
urogenital
UTI
urinary tract infection
