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Medical Terminology > Module 4: Ch. 12 > Flashcards

Module 4: Ch. 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

bacter/i

A

bacteria

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1
Q

albumin/o

A

protein

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2
Q

calc/i

A

calcium

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3
Q

col/o

A

colon

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4
Q

corpor/e

A

body

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5
Q

cutan/e

A

skin

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6
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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7
Q

excret/o

A

sifted out

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8
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus, little ball

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9
Q

glycos/o

A

glucose, sugar

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10
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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11
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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12
Q

keton/o

A

ketone

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13
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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14
Q

meat/o

A

passage

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15
Q

micturit/o

A

to urinate

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16
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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17
Q

noct/o

A

night

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18
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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19
Q

periton/e

A

peritoneum

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20
Q

py/o

A

pus

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21
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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22
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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23
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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24
Q

son/o

A

sound

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25
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinate, urination

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26
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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27
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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28
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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29
Q

kidneys

A

purplish-brown bean-shaped organs located behind the abdominal cavity on either side of he spine between thoracic vertebrae; function is to produce urine and help regulate and control body fluids

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30
Q

ureters

A

function is to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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31
Q

urinary bladder

A

serves as a reservoir for urine

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32
Q

urethra

A

passageway of urine to the outside of the body; in the male conveys both urine and semen

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33
Q

nephrons

A

the structural and functional units of the organ

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34
Q

renal corpuscle

A

also called malpighian body, filtration unit of vertebrate nephrons, functional units of the kidney

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35
Q

tubule

A

a tube connected to an anatomical structure

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36
Q

glomerulus

A

a tuft of blood vessels surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule

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37
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine

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38
Q

albuminuria

A

albumin -uria
protein = urine

indicates the presence of serum protein in the urine

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39
Q

antidiuretic

A

anti- di(a)- uret -ic
against = through = urine = pertaining to

pertaining to a medications that decreases urine production and secretion

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40
Q

anuria

A

an- -uria
without = urine

literally means without the formation of urine; lack of urine production

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41
Q

calculus

A

pebble; any abnormal concretion

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42
Q

cystectomy

A

cyst -ectomy
bladder = surgical excision

surgical excision of the bladder or part of he bladder

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43
Q

cystitis

A

cyst -itis
bladder = inflammation

inflammation of the bladder, usually occuring secondarily to ascending urinary tract infections

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44
Q

cystocele

A

cyst/o -cele
bladder = hernia

hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina

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45
Q

cystodynia

A

cyst/o -dynia
bladder = pain

pain in the bladder; commonly called cystalgia

46
Q

cystoscope

A

cyst/o -scope
bladder = instrument for measuring

medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder

47
Q

dialysis

A

dia- -lysis
through = destruction, to separate

medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte! and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function or in the absence of the kidney

48
Q

diuresis

A

di(a) b ur -esis
through = urinate = condition

pathological condition of increased or excessive flow of urine

49
Q

dysuria

A

dys- -uria
difficult, painful = urine

difficult or painful urination

50
Q

edema

A

pathological condition in which the body tissues contain an accumulation of fluids

51
Q

enuresis

A

en- ur -esis
within = urine = condition

condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting

52
Q

excretory

A

excretor -y
sifted out = pertaining to

pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body

53
Q

glomerular

A

glomerul -ar
little ball = pertaining to

literally means pertaining to the glomerulus; a tuft blood vessels located within the Bowman’s capsule that permit a greater surface area for filtration

54
Q

glomerulitis

A

inflammation of the renal glomeruli

55
Q

glycosuria

A

glycos -uria
glucose, sugar = urine

presence of glucose in the urine

56
Q

hematuria

A

hemat -uria
blood = urine

presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine

57
Q

hypercalciuria

A

hyper- calci -uria
excessive = calcium = urine

excessive amount of calcium in the urine

58
Q

incontinence

A

in- continence
not = to hold

inability to hold or control urination or defecation

59
Q

interstitial cystitis (IC)

A

chronically irritable and painful inflammation of the bladder wall

60
Q

ketonuria

A

keton -uria
ketone = urine

presence of ketones in the urine resulting from breakdown of fats due to faulty carbohydrate metabolism

61
Q

lithotripsy

A

lith/o -tripsy
stone = crushing

crushing of a kidney stone

62
Q

meatus

A

opening or passage; the external opening of the urethra

63
Q

nephritis

A

nephr -itis
kidney = inflammation

inflammation of the kidney

64
Q

nephrocystitis

A

nephr/o cyst -itis
kidney = bladder = inflammation

inflammation of the bladder and the kidney

65
Q

nephrolith

A

nephr/o -lith
kidney = stone

kidney stone; usually deposits of mineral salts, called calculi, in the kidney

66
Q

nephroma

A

nephr -oma
kidney = tumor

kidney tumor

67
Q

nephron

A

basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

68
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

nephr/o scler -osis
kidney = hardening = condition

condition of hardening of the kidney

69
Q

nocturia

A

noct -uria
night = urine

urination during the night

70
Q

oliguria

A

olig- -uria
scanty = urine

scanty, decreased amount of urine

71
Q

periurethral

A

peri- urethr -al
around = urethra = pertaining to

literally means pertaining to around the urethra; the immediate area surrounding the urethra

72
Q

polyuria

A

poly- -uria
excessive = urine

literally means excessive secretion and discharge of urine; frequent urination

73
Q

pyelocystitis

A

pyel/o cyst -itis
renal pelvis = bladder = inflammation

inflammation of the bladder and renal pelvis

74
Q

pyelonephritis

A

pyel/o nephr -itis
renal pelvis = kidney = inflammation

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis; it is usually caused by bacteria entering the kidneys from the bladder

75
Q

pyuria

A

py -uria
pus = urine

pus in the urine

76
Q

renin

A

an enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone

77
Q

residual urine

A

urine that is left in the bladder after urination

78
Q

specimen

A

sample of tissue, blood, urine, or other material intended to show the nature of the whole

79
Q

stricture

A

strict -ure
to tighten, contraction = process

abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureter, or urethra

80
Q

urea

A

chief nitrogenous constituent of urine

81
Q

uremia

A

ur -emia
urine = blood condition

excess of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood

82
Q

urethralgia

A

urethr -algia
urethra = pain

pain in the urethra

83
Q

urgency

A

sudden need to urinate

84
Q

uric acid

A

end product of purine metabolism; common component of urinary and renal stones

85
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

analysis of urine; separating of the urine for examination to determine the presence of abnormal elements

86
Q

urine

A

fluid secreted by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, stored in the bladder, and voided through the urethra

87
Q

urobilin

A

ur/o bil -in
urination = bile = chemical

brown pigment formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen; may be formed in the urine after exposure to air

88
Q

urochrome

A

pigment that gives the urine the normal yellow

89
Q

void

A

to empty the bladder

90
Q

AGN

A

acute glomerulonephritis

91
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

92
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

93
Q

CGN

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

94
Q

cm

A

centimeter

95
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

96
Q

ESRD

A

end – stage renal disease

97
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate

98
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

99
Q

H

A

hydrogen

100
Q

HCO3

A

bicarbonate

101
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

102
Q

K

A

potassium

103
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureter, bladder

104
Q

LOC

A

level of consciousness

105
Q

Na

A

sodium

106
Q

NaCl

A

sodium chloride

107
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

108
Q

pH

A

hydrogen ion concentration

109
Q

PKU

A

phenylketonuria

110
Q

UA

A

urine analysis

111
Q

UG

A

urogenital

112
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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