Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Module 3: Ch. 8 > Flashcards

Module 3: Ch. 8 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

aden/o

A

gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

absorpt/o

A

to suck in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

aliment/o

A

nourishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anabol/o

A

building up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

append/o

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

catabol/o

A

a casting down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen, belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

col/o

A

colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

colon/o

A

colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diverticul/o

A

diverticula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

esophage/o

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

glyc/o

A

sweet, sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

halit/o

A

breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

hemorrh/o

A

vein liable to bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

herni/o

A

hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

labi/o

A

lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

lip/o

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

pept/o

A

to digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

pharyng/e

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

pil/o

A

hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

prand/i

A

meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus, gatekeeper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

verm/i

A

worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

alimentary canal

A

the whole passage way along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus; includes esophagus, stomach, and intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

gastrointestinal tract (GI tract)

A

the system of organs which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste; also referred to as the alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

digestion

A

the process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and physical action, so that the body can absorb it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

absorption

A

the process by which nutrient material is taken into the bloodstream or lymph and travels to all cells of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

elimination

A

the process whereby the solid waste (end) products of digestion are excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

mouth

A

mechanically breaks food apart by the action of the teeth; moistens and lubricates food with saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

teeth

A

used and mastication (chewing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

salivary glands

A

secrete saliva to moisten and lubricate food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

pharynx

A

common passageway for both respiration and digestion; muscular constrictions move the swallowed bolus into the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

esophagus

A

a muscular tube about 10 inches long that leads from the pharynx to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

small intestine

A

digestion and absorption take place chiefly in the small intestine; nutrients are absorbed and transferred to body cells by the circulatory system; it’s about 21 feet long and 1 inch and diameter; it’s divided into three parts the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

large intestine

A

reabsorbs water from the fecal material, stores, and then eliminates waste from the body via the rectum and anus; it’s about 5 feet long and 2 1/2 inches in diameter; it’s divided into the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

atrophy

A

body tissue or an organ that waste away; typically due to the degeneration of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

gingivae

A

gums of the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

lingual frenulum

A

membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the base of the mouth; prevents extreme movement of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

tongue

A

it is made of skeletal muscle and is covered with mucous membrane; it manipulates food during chewing and assists in swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

root of tongue

A

the blunt, rear portion of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

papillae

A

elevations located on the surface of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

taste buds

A

nerve endings on the tongue that provide the sense of taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

deciduous teeth

A

temporary, or baby teeth (20 teeth in this set); referred to as milk teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

permanent teeth

A

the secondary dentition teeth after the shedding of deciduous teeth; set consists of 32 teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

incisors

A

a sharp-edged tooth in the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting food; there are four incisors in the jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

cuspid teeth (canine)

A

A tooth with a single point; they are larger and stronger than the incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

premolars (bicuspid teeth)

A

it’s situated between the molar and cuspid teeth; normally an adult has eight total

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

molar teeth

A

the largest of the permanent set, and their broad crowns are adapted for grinding and pounding food; normally there are 12 total (wisdom teeth included)

77
Q

3 main portions of the tooth

A

1) crown - projects above the gumline
2) neck - the constricted portion just below the crown and above the root
3) root - the bottom-most portion of the tooth, it’s embedded in the alveolus

78
Q

pulp cavity

A

contains the dental pulp, a loose connective tissue richly supplied with vessels and nerves that enter the cavity through the small aperture at the point of each root

79
Q

root canal

A

a narrow tunnel located at the base of the tooth , that contains blood vessels and nerves that reach the pulp cavity

80
Q

apical foramen

A

the opening of the pulp canal in the root of the tooth

81
Q

periodontal ligament

A

consist of collagen fibers that extend from the dentin of the route to the bone of the alveolus, creating a strong articulation which binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillary bone and mandible

82
Q

alveolus

A

the bony socket for the root of a tooth

83
Q

cementum

A

a thin layer of bone that covers the dentin of the root, providing protection and firmly anchoring the periodontal ligament

84
Q

dentin

A

consisted in the solid portion of the tooth; it forms the bulk of the tooth

85
Q

enamel

A

covers the exposed part of the crown and is the hardest and most compact part of a tooth

86
Q

gingival sulcus

A

the shallow groove that surrounds the neck of each tooth

87
Q

pharynx

A

a musculomembranous tube extending from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra where it becomes continuous with the esophagus

88
Q

nasopharynx

A

the upper portion, above the soft palate

89
Q

oropharynx

A

the middle portion, lies between the palate and the hyoid bone and has an opening to the oral cavity

90
Q

epiglottis

A

a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe

91
Q

peristalsis

A

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward

92
Q

larynx

A

referred to as the voice box

93
Q

fundus

A

the upper region of the stomach

94
Q

antrum

A

the lower region of the stomach

95
Q

laryngopharynx

A

the lowest portion, is below the hyoid bone and opens inferiorly to the larynx anteriorly and the esophagus posteriorly

96
Q

duodenum

A

the first 12 inches of the small intestine, just beyond the stomach

97
Q

jejunum

A

the next 8 feet of the small intestine, after the duodenum

98
Q

ileum

A

the remaining 12 feet of the small intestinal tube, after the duodenum and jejunum

99
Q

stomach

A

reduces food to a digestible state; converts the food to a semiliquid state called chyme

100
Q

cecum

A

a pouch-like structure forming the beginning of the large intestine; it is about 3 inches long and has the appendix attached to it

101
Q

colon

A

it makes up the bulk of the large intestine and is divided into the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon

102
Q

rectum

A

the final portion of the large intestine, leading to the anus

103
Q

anal canal

A

the terminal portion of the digestive tract

104
Q

appendix

A

a tube-shaped sac attached to the lower end of the large intestine

105
Q

salivary glands

A

they secrete saliva in response to the sight, smell, taste, or mental image of food

106
Q

saliva

A

composed of 98% water while the other 2% consists of other compounds such as electrolytes, mucus, antibacterial compounds, and various enzymes that help start the process of digestion

107
Q

parotid

A

special salivary glands that are located on either side of the face, slightly below the ear

108
Q

submandibular gland

A

special salivary gland located in the floor of the mouth

109
Q

sublingual gland

A

special salivary gland located below the tongue

110
Q

liver

A

the largest glandular organ in the body, it weighs about 3 1/2 pounds and is located in the upper right part of the abdomen; it plays an essential role in the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

111
Q

anabolism

A

the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism

112
Q

catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex molecules to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism

113
Q

bile

A

digestive juices that help breakdown large fat globules into smaller particles

114
Q

fibrinogen

A

a soluble protein present in blood plasma, from which fibrin is produced by the action of the enzyme thrombin

115
Q

prothrombin

A

a protein present in blood plasma that is converted into active thrombin during coagulation

116
Q

heparin

A

a compound occurring in the liver and other tissues that inhibits blood coagulation

117
Q

blood proteins

A

proteins present in blood plasma

118
Q

gallbladder

A

a membranous sac attached to the liver in which excess bile is stored and concentrated

119
Q

pancreas

A

a large, elongated gland situated behind the stomach and secreting pancreatic juice into the small intestine; it’s 6 to 9 inches long and contains cells that produce digestive enzymes

120
Q

enzymes

A

a substance that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

121
Q

anorexia

A

an- -orexia
lack of = appetite

lack of appetite, decreased desire for food

122
Q

appendectomy

A

append -ectomy
appendix = surgical excision

surgical excision of the appendix

123
Q

appendicitis

A

appendic -itis
appendix = inflammation

inflammation of the appendix

124
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells

125
Q

black hairy tongue

A

condition in which the tongue is covered by hair-like papillae entangled with threads produced by Candida albicans fungi

126
Q

bowel

A

intestine

127
Q

buccal

A

bucc -al
cheek = pertaining to

literally means pertaining to the cheek; relating to the cheek or mouth

128
Q

celiac

A

celi -ac
abdomen = pertaining to

pertaining to the abdomen

129
Q

cheilosis

A

cheil -osis
lip = condition

abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies

130
Q

cholecystectomy

A

chol/e cyst -ectomy
gall, bile = bladder = surgical excision

surgical excision of the gallbladder

131
Q

cholecystitis

A

chol/e cyst -itis
gall, bile = bladder = inflammation

inflammation of the gallbladder

132
Q

chyle

A

milky fluid of intestinal digestion composed of lymph and emulsified fats

133
Q

cirrhosis

A

cirrh -osis
orange-yellow = condition

chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes

134
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the G.I. tract but most commonly occurs in the ileum

135
Q

defacation

A

defecat -ion
to removed dregs = process

evacuation of the bowel

136
Q

deglutition

A

act or process of swallowing

137
Q

dentalgia

A

dent -algia
tooth = pain, ache

pain in a tooth; toothache

138
Q

dentist

A

dent -ist
tooth = one who specializes

one who specializes in dentistry

139
Q

diarrhea

A

dia- -rrhea
through = flow

frequent passage of unformed watery stools

140
Q

digestion

A

process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and physical action so that it can be absorbed by the body

141
Q

dysentery

A

dys- enter -y
difficult = intestine = pertaining to

an intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane

142
Q

dyspepsia

A

dys- -pepsia
difficult = to digest

difficulty in digestion; indigestion

143
Q

dysphagia

A

dys- -phagia
difficult = to eat, to swallow

difficulty in swallowing

144
Q

emesis

A

eme -sis
to vomit = condition

vomiting

145
Q

enteric

A

enter -ic
small intestine = pertaining to

pertaining to the small intestine

146
Q

enteritis

A

enter -itis
small intestine = inflammation

inflammation of the small intestine

147
Q

eructation

A

eructat -ion
a breaking out = process

belching

148
Q

feces

A

body waste discharged from the bowel by way of the anus

149
Q

flatus

A

literally means a blowing in Latin; the expelling of gas from the anus

150
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

condition that occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach’s contents to back up (reflux) into the esophagus

151
Q

gavage

A

to feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric)

152
Q

gingivitis

A

gingiv -itis
gums = inflammation

inflammation of the gums

153
Q

halitosis

A

halit -osis
breath = condition

bad breath

154
Q

hematemesis

A

hemat -emesis
blood = vomiting

vomiting of blood

155
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of stools that contain red blood

156
Q

hemorrhoid

A

hemorrh -oid
vein liable to bleed = resemble

mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum; can be internal or external

157
Q

hepatitis

A

hepat -itis
liver = inflammation

inflammation of the liver

158
Q

hernia

A

abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it

159
Q

hyperemesis

A

hyper- -emesis
excessive = vomiting

excessive vomiting

160
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the large intestine (colon)

161
Q

labial

A

labi -al
lip = pertaining to

pertaining to the lip

162
Q

lavage

A

to wash out a cavity; gastric lavage is used to remove or dilute gastric contents in cases of acute poisoning or ingestion of a caustic substance

163
Q

mastication

A

masticat -ion
to chew = process

chewing; the physical breaking up of food and mixing with saliva in the mouth

164
Q

nausea

A

uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit

165
Q

periodontal disease

A

inflammation and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes loss of the teeth

166
Q

postprandial (PP)

A

post- prand/i -al
after = meal = pertaining to

pertaining to after a meal

167
Q

proctologist

A

physician who specializes in the study of the anus and rectum

168
Q

stomatitis

A

stomat -itis
mouth = inflammation

inflammation of the mouth

169
Q

ulcer

A

open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane

170
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine

171
Q

vomit

A

to eject stomach contents from the mouth

172
Q

ac

A

before meals (ante cibum)

173
Q

BE

A

barium enema

174
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

175
Q

BRP

A

bathroom privileges

176
Q

CHO

A

carbohydrate

177
Q

CUC

A

chronic ulcerative colitis

178
Q

GB

A

gallbladder

179
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

180
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

181
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

182
Q

NG

A

nasogastric (tube)

183
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

184
Q

N&V

A

nausea and vomiting

185
Q

pc

A

after meals (post cibum)

186
Q

PP

A

postprandial (after meals)

187
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

188
Q

RDA

A

recommended dietary or daily allowance

189
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions