Module 4: Ch. 13

Question 0

acromegaly

Answer 0

characterized (in the adult) by marked enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities

Question 1

acidosis

Answer 1

Condition of excessive acidity of body fluids

Question 2

Addison’s disease

Answer 2

results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones

Question 3

adenoma

Answer 3

tumor of a gland

Question 4

androgen

Answer 4

hormones that produce or stimulate the development of male characteristics; the two major androgens are testosterone and androsterone

Question 5

catecholamines

Answer 5

sympathomimetic hormones, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Question 6

cortisone

Answer 6

glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent

Question 7

cretinism

Answer 7

congenital condition caused by deficiency in secretion of the thyroid hormones and characterized by arrested physical and mental development

Question 8

Cushing’s disease

Answer 8

results from hypersecretion of cortisol; symptoms include fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance

Question 9

diabetes

Answer 9

general term used to describe diseases characterized by excessive discharge of urine

Question 10

dopamine

Answer 10

intermediate substance in the synthesis of norepinephrine; used in treatment of shock because it acts to elevate blood pressure and increase urinary output

Question 11

dwarfism

Answer 11

condition of being abnormally small

Question 12

endocrine

Answer 12

ductless glands that produce internal secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream

Question 13

endocrinologist

Answer 13

physician who specializes in the study of the endocrine system

Question 14

epinephrine

Answer 14

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulant to relax bronchospasm and to relieve allergic symptoms; also called adrenaline

Question 15

estrogen

Answer 15

hormones produced by the ovaries; including estradiol, estrone, and estriol

Question 16

euthyroid

Answer 16

normal activity of the thyroid gland

Question 17

exocrine

Answer 17

pertains to a type of gland that secretes into ducts (duct glands); examples include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, and pancreas

Question 18

gigantism

Answer 18

pathological condition of being abnormally large

Question 19

hirsutism

Answer 19

abnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair, especially as occurring in women

Question 20

hormone

Answer 20

class of chemical substance produced by the endocrine glands

Question 21

hydrocortisone

Answer 21

glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent

Question 22

hyperkalemia

Answer 22

condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

Question 23

hyperthyroidism

Answer 23

excessive secretion of thyroid hormone, a condition that can affect many body systems

Question 24

insulin

Answer 24

hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; acts to regulate the metabolism of glucose and the process necessary for the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 25

lethargic

Answer 25

pertaining to drowsiness; sluggish

Question 26

myxedema

Answer 26

literally means condition of mucus swelling; it is the most severe form of hypothyroidism, characterized by marked edema of the face, a somnolent look, and hair that is stiff and without luster

Question 27

norepinephrine

Answer 27

hormones produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor of peripheral blood vessels in acute hypotensive states

Question 28

oxytocin

Answer 28

hormone that stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk during suckling

Question 29

progeria

Answer 29

pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood

Question 30

progesterone

Answer 30

hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the adrenal cortex, or the placenta; released during the second half of the menstrual cycle