Module 4: Ch. 13 Flashcards
acromegaly
characterized (in the adult) by marked enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities
acidosis
Condition of excessive acidity of body fluids
Addison’s disease
results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones
adenoma
tumor of a gland
androgen
hormones that produce or stimulate the development of male characteristics; the two major androgens are testosterone and androsterone
catecholamines
sympathomimetic hormones, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
cortisone
glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent
cretinism
congenital condition caused by deficiency in secretion of the thyroid hormones and characterized by arrested physical and mental development
Cushing’s disease
results from hypersecretion of cortisol; symptoms include fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance
diabetes
general term used to describe diseases characterized by excessive discharge of urine
dopamine
intermediate substance in the synthesis of norepinephrine; used in treatment of shock because it acts to elevate blood pressure and increase urinary output
dwarfism
condition of being abnormally small
endocrine
ductless glands that produce internal secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream
endocrinologist
physician who specializes in the study of the endocrine system
epinephrine
hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulant to relax bronchospasm and to relieve allergic symptoms; also called adrenaline
estrogen
hormones produced by the ovaries; including estradiol, estrone, and estriol
euthyroid
normal activity of the thyroid gland
exocrine
pertains to a type of gland that secretes into ducts (duct glands); examples include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, and pancreas
gigantism
pathological condition of being abnormally large
hirsutism
abnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair, especially as occurring in women
hormone
class of chemical substance produced by the endocrine glands
hydrocortisone
glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent
hyperkalemia
condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
hyperthyroidism
excessive secretion of thyroid hormone, a condition that can affect many body systems
insulin
hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; acts to regulate the metabolism of glucose and the process necessary for the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
lethargic
pertaining to drowsiness; sluggish
myxedema
literally means condition of mucus swelling; it is the most severe form of hypothyroidism, characterized by marked edema of the face, a somnolent look, and hair that is stiff and without luster
norepinephrine
hormones produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor of peripheral blood vessels in acute hypotensive states
oxytocin
hormone that stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk during suckling
progeria
pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood
progesterone
hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the adrenal cortex, or the placenta; released during the second half of the menstrual cycle
