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Med Term > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

cpr

A

cardiopulmonary recusitation

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2
Q

cvt

A

cardiovascular technician

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3
Q

ecg/ekg

A

electrocardiogram

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4
Q

sob

A

shortness of breath

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5
Q

coronary circulation

A

the heart’s own blood circulation

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6
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

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7
Q

coronary

A

blood flow through the vessels supplying the heart

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8
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

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9
Q

aorta

A

main trunk of the systemic arterial system

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10
Q

atrium

A

chamber where blood enters the heart on both the left and right sides

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11
Q

chordae tendineae

A

tendinous cords attaching the bicuspid and tricuspid valves to the heart wall

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12
Q

mitral

A

shaped like the headdress of a catholic bishop

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13
Q

vena cava

A

one of the two largest veins in the body

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14
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

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15
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial; SA node= center of electric pulses within the heart; functions as the pacemaker

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16
Q

AV Bundle

A

pathway for electrical signals to be transmitted the the ventricles

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17
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of heart cavities during which they fill with blood

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18
Q

purkinje fibers

A

network of nerve fibers in the myocardium

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19
Q

sinus rhythm

A

normal heart rhythm arising from the sinoatrial node

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20
Q

systole

A

contraction of the heart muscle

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21
Q

2 words meaning abnormal sinus rhythm

A

arrhythmia and dysrhythmia

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22
Q

premature beats

A

arrhythmia that originates in either the atrium, ventricle or both

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23
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

A-fib; when the two atria quiver rather than contract in an organized fashion to pump blood into the ventricle.

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24
Q

ventricular arrhythmia

A

rapid heartbeat arising in the ventricles

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25
Q

premature ventricular contractions

A

PVCs; type of ventricular arrhythmia that occurs when extra impulses arise from a ventricle.

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26
Q

V-fib

A

erratic ventricular contractions; quiver and beat instead of pumping

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27
Q

heart block

A

occurs when interference in cardiac electrical conduction causes the contractions of the atria to fail to coordinate with the contractions of the ventricles.

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28
Q

palpitations

A

rapid or irregular heartbeat that last a few seconds or minutes; can be brought on by exercise, anxiety, and stimulants

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29
Q

stenosis

A

valve doesn’t open fully and its opening is constricted

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30
Q

incompetence

A

aka insufficiency; when valve cannot close fully and blood can regurgitate to chamber where it came from

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31
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

can occur following rheumatic fever; left atrium becomes dilated; eventually CHF results

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32
Q

mitral valve incompetence

A

leakage back through the valve as the left ventricle contracts; left atrium becomes dilated; CHF results

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33
Q

aortic valve stenosis

A

common in elderly when valve become calcified due to the atherosclerosis; blood flow into system circuit is diminished, leading to dizziness and fainting; LV dilates, hypertrophies, and fails

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34
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

MVP; occurs when cusps of the valve bulge back into the LA when the LV contracts allowing blood to flow back into the atrium

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35
Q

aortic valve incompetence

A

initially produces few symptoms other than a murmur, but eventually the LV fails

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36
Q

rheumatic fever

A

inflammatory disease; sore throat caused by group A beta-hemolytic strep not treated with a complete course of antibiotics; bacteria develops and attacks normal tissue

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37
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

weakening of the hart muscle that causes it to pump inadequately; can be viral, idiopathic (unknown), or alcoholic; causes cardiomegaly and heart failure

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38
Q

exudate

A

fluid that has come out of a tissue or its capillaries because of inflammation or injury

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39
Q

tamponade

A

pathologic compression of an organ such as the heart

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40
Q

angina pectoris

A

pain in the chest after exertion; first symptom of reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium

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41
Q

occluded

A

blocked

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42
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

when blood flow in any of the coronary arteries is occluded

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43
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

when heart fails to pump effectively and organs and tissues are perfused inadequately; pulse is weak and rapid and BP drops

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44
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

loss of blood volume often from hemorrhage or dehydration

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45
Q

risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD):

A

obesity, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol, and stress

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46
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden cessation of cardiac activity resulting from anoxia

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47
Q

ASHD

A

arteriosclerotic heart disease;

disease from hardening of the arteries

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48
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction; when myocardial cells die; often from myocardial ischemia not being reversed within 4-6hrs

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49
Q

anoxia

A

without oxygen

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50
Q

asystole

A

absence of contractions of the heart

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51
Q

atheroma

A

lipid deposit in the lining of an artery

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52
Q

atherosclerosis

A

atheroma in the arteries

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53
Q

fibrosis

A

repair of dead tissue cells by formation of fibrous tissue

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54
Q

hypovolemic

A

having decreased blood volume in the body

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55
Q

infarction

A

sudden blockage of an artery

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56
Q

ischemia

A

lack of blood supply to a tissue

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57
Q

perfuse

A

to force blood to flow through a lumen or a vascular bed

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58
Q

plaque

A

patch of abnormal tissue

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59
Q

thrombosis

A

formation of a thrombus (clot)

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60
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect; hole in the interatrial septum allows blood to shunt from the high-pressure LA to the lower-pressure RA

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61
Q

CHD

A

congenital heart disease; abnormal development of the heart in the fetus

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62
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

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63
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus; normal blood vessel in the fetus that usually closes within 24 hours of birth; when artery remains patent (open), blood can shunt from the aorta to the pulmonary artery

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64
Q

TOF

A

tetralogy of Fallot; syndrome with 4 congenital heart defects that can be surgically repaired

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65
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect; hole in the interventricular septum allows blood to shunt from higher-pressure LV to lower-pressure RV

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66
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta shortly after the artery to the left arm branches from the aorta; causes hypertension in the arms beyond the narrowing and hypotension in the lower limbs and organs

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67
Q

coarctation

A

constriction stenosis, particularly in the aorta

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68
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing with lying flat

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69
Q

shunt

A

bypass or diversion of fluid

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70
Q

syndrome

A

combination of signs and symptoms associate with a particular disease process

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71
Q

artery

A

thick-walled blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

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72
Q

brachiocephalic

A

pertaining to the head and arm

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73
Q

carotid

A

main artery of the neck

74
Q

politeal

A

pertaining to the back of the knee

75
Q

gonad

A

testis or ovary

76
Q

mesentery

A

double layer peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera

77
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

78
Q

IVC

A

inferior vena cava

79
Q

SVC

A

superior vena cava

80
Q

arteriole

A

small terminal artery leading into the capillary network

81
Q

axilla

A

armpit

82
Q

capillary

A

minute blood vessel between the arterial and venous systems

83
Q

endothelial

A

type of epithelial cell that lines the inside of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the heart

84
Q

endothelium

A

tissue found lining the inside of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

85
Q

saphenous

A

relating to the saphenous vein in the thigh

86
Q

vein

A

carrying blood toward the heart

87
Q

venule

A

small vain leading from the capillary network

88
Q

3 layers of a blood vessel:

A
  1. Tunica intimia (interna)
  2. Tunica Media
  3. Tunica adventitia (externa)
89
Q

Vital Signs

A

(VS) measure temp (T), pulse (P), respiration rate (R), and BP to assess cardiorespiratory function

90
Q

adventitia

A

outer layer of connective tissue covering blood vessels or organs

91
Q

tunica

A

layer in the wall of a blood vessel or other tubular structure

92
Q

vasoconstriction

A

reduction in diameter of a blood vessel

93
Q

vasodilation

A

increase in diameter of a blood vessel

94
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein; causes include venous infections and the presence of an IV cath

95
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of the lining of a vein (tunica intima) allowing thrombi to form

96
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis; risk factors include immobility, surgery, prolonged travel, and contraception (estrogen); increased pressure in capillaries causes edema

97
Q

varicose veins

A

superficial veins that have lost their elasticity and appear swollen and tortuous; valves become incompetent and blood flows backwards and pools; associated with a family history, obesity, and prolonged standing

98
Q

PVD

A

peripheral vascular disease; general term for disorders of the systemic arterial and venous systems

99
Q

aneurysm

A

localized dilation of an artery due to localized weakness of vessel wall; mostly in abdominal aorta; can rupture leading to severe bleeding and hypovolemic shock

100
Q

intracranial aneurysm

A

aneurysm at the base of the brain and are important cause of bleeds into the cranial cavity

101
Q

thromboangiitis obliterans

A

(Buerger disease) inflammatory disease of the arteries with clot formation usually in the legs

102
Q

carotid artery disease

A

affects the two major arteries supplying the brain; involved in arteriosclerosis and the deposition of plaque which put the patient at risk for a stroke

103
Q

ABI

A

ankle/brachial index

104
Q

claudication

A

intermittent leg pain and limping

105
Q

collateral

A

situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction

106
Q

embolus

A

detached piece of thrombus; a mass of bacteria, air, or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel

107
Q

thrombus

A

a clot attached to a diseased blood vessel or heart lining

108
Q

lipid profile

A

blood test that tests total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides

109
Q

B-type natriuretic peptide

A

BNP; brain hormone used to diagnose and monitor CHF and to predict the course of end-stage heart failure

110
Q

C-reactive protein

A

CRP; produced by endothelial cells of arteries; when elevated has been identified as a risk factor for arthrosclerosis and CAD

111
Q

homocysteine

A

amino acid in blood, elevated levels are related to a higher risk of CAD, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease

112
Q

creatine kinase

A

CK; enzyme released into the blood by dead myocardial cells in MI

113
Q

troponin I and T

A

part of a protein complex in muscle that is released into the blood during mycoardial injury. used to confirm a suspected MI

114
Q

cholesterol

A

steroid formed in liver cells which circulates in the plasma

115
Q

profile

A

set of characteristics which determine the structure of a group

116
Q

troponin

A

protein complex found in myocardial muscle fibers; released into the blood within 4 hours of myocardial damage

117
Q

auscultation

A

via stethoscope; listening to sounds of heart during cardiac cycle

118
Q

Holter monitor

A

continuous ECG recorded over 24-48 hours

119
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiography; involves insertion of a small probe into the esophagus to record the anatomy and function of heart valves

120
Q

event monitor

A

used for patients whose symptoms occur sporadically; held over chest when event occurs

121
Q

ambulatory blood pressure monitor

A

provides a record of your BP over a 24-hour period

122
Q

Electron beam tomography

A

EBT; scan that identifies calcium deposits in arteries

123
Q

coronary angiogram

A

uses a contrast dye injected during cardiac cath to identify coronary artery blockages

124
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

detects patterns of pressures and blood flows in the heart using a thin tube guided into the heart under x-ray guidance

125
Q

venogram

A

radiograph (x-ray record) of a vein

126
Q

color doppler ultrasonography

A

uses ultrasound waves to show different rates of blood flow through the heart and blood vessels

127
Q

HDL

A

“good” cholesterol

128
Q

LDL

A

“bad” cholesterol

129
Q

murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the heart or blood vessels

130
Q

thrombolysis

A

clot-dissolving drugs; streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

131
Q

artery-cleaning angioplasty

A

AKA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); balloon-tipped catherter that compresses the plaque againts the walls of the artery

132
Q

stent

A

wire, mesh tube placed inside the vessel to reduce likelihood of occlusion

133
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

CABG; mostly used for people with extensive disease in several arteries; healthy vessels from arm, chest, or leg detour blood around blocked coronary arteries

134
Q

rotational atherectomy

A

high-speed rotational device to “sand” away plaque; has limited acceptance

135
Q

cardioversion

A

therapeutic dose of electrical current to the heart to convert abnormally fast heart rate of arrhythmia to a normal rhythm

136
Q

implantable cardioverter

A

ICD; sense abnormal rhythms and gives the heart a small electrical shock to return to sinus rhythm

137
Q

automated external defibrillator

A

AEDs; sends electrical shock to the heart to restore normal contraction rhythm

138
Q

ablation

A

removal of tissue to destroy its function

139
Q

angioplasty

A

recanalization of a blood vessel by surgery

140
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of an antheroma

141
Q

cardioversion

A

restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electrical shock

142
Q

sclerotherapy

A

to collapse a vein by injecting a solution into it to harden it

143
Q

ACE

A

angiotensin converting enzyme

144
Q

ARBs

A

angiotensin receptor blocker, block interaction between angiotensin and angiotensin receptors on the muscles in the wall of blood vessels allowing them to dilate

145
Q

CCBs

A

calcium channel blocker; decreses in muscle contraction and dilation of the blood vessels

146
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

slow the activity of ACE; decreases formation of angiotensin II so blood vessels dilate more and BP falls

147
Q

statins

A

class of drugs that block enzyme in the liver responsible for making cholesterol; Lipitor, Mevacor, Crestor, Zocor and Pravachol

148
Q

chronotropic drugs

A

alter the heart rate; epinephrine, norepinephrine, and atropine increase; Quinidex, Pronestyl, Xylocaine, and Inderal slow the heart

149
Q

Inotropic drugs

A

alter contractions of the myocardium; digitalis, digoxin, and digitoxin increase the strength of contractions in the myocardium leadin got increased cardiac output

150
Q

dromotropic drubs

A

affect conduction speed in AV node and the rate of conduction of electrical impulses in the heart

151
Q

anticoagulants

A

ex. Coumadin, heparin, Fragmin, Pradaxa, Xarelto

152
Q

Streptokinase

A

derived from hemolytic streptococci, dissolves fibrin in blood clots; effective within 3-4 hours of MI

153
Q

beta blocker

A

beta-adrenergic blocking agent used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and other diseases

154
Q

leaflet

A

thin, flat structure like the heart valves

155
Q

lumen

A

tubular space within the artery or vein

156
Q

incompetent

A

a collapsed or blocked vessel that can no longer function normally

157
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

158
Q

occlusion

A

state of being closed

159
Q

patent

A

open, accessible

160
Q

malaise

A

generalized weakness, fatigue, (subjective symptom)

161
Q

GSW

A

gun shot wound

162
Q

pledget

A

small cotton compress used to absorb fluid, apply medication, or exclude air

163
Q

MidCAB

A

minimally invasice direct coronary artery bypass (ICD-10 Root Operation-Bypass)

164
Q

hypokalemia

A

low potassium in the blood; aka hypopotassemia

165
Q

comatose

A

in a coma state of unconsciousness where you cannot be aroused or awakened

166
Q

angina

A

aka angina pectoris; intense chest pain caused by inadequate blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscle

167
Q

pericardial tamponade

A

acute build-up of fluid in the pericardium; life-threatening condition; treatment included thoracentesis (aka thoracocentesis)

168
Q

endarterectomy

A

opening of the artery and removing plaque and other occluded materials to restore blood flow (ICD-10 Root operation- extirpation)

169
Q

ischemia

A

oxygen deficiency- temporary deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction

170
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and valves; patients must be given ABT as prophylactic (preventative) treatment again a bacterial infection before any invasive procedure such as a root canal

171
Q

infarction

A

tissue death (necrosis) due to a lack of blood supply

172
Q

bruit

A

aka murmur; abnormal sound produced by blood passing through a narrowed artery

173
Q

thrombus

A

stationary blood clot that blocks a vessel

174
Q

insufficiency

A

improper closer of a blood vessel

175
Q

palpitation

A

subjective feeling; complaining that it feels like your heart is not beating normally (pounding, skipping a beat, etc.)

176
Q

perfusion

A

circulation of the blood

177
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

weakening of the heart of disease that reduces the normal cardiac function

178
Q

regurgitation

A

backflow of blood in the heart due to small masses called vegetations which are caused by bacteremia

179
Q

bacteremia

A

bacteria traveling in the bloodstream

180
Q

prophylactic treatment

A

antibiotic therapy (ABT) to protect against infections prior to invasive procedures

Med Term (17 decks)

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