Module 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Alimentary
A
Pertaining to the digestive tract
2
Q
bariatric
A
treatment of obesity
3
Q
gastric
A
pertaining to the stomach
4
Q
Roux-en-Y
A
surgical procedure to reduce the size of the stomach
5
Q
transcript
A
an exact copy or reproduction
6
Q
propulsion
A
movement of food from the mouth to the anus
7
Q
deglutition
A
swallowing
8
Q
amylase
A
enzyme that breaks down starch (carbs)
9
Q
bolus
A
single mass of a substance (food)
10
Q
antibody
A
protein produced in response to an antigen
11
Q
antigen
A
substances capable of producing an immune response
12
Q
hematemesis
A
vomiting of blood
13
Q
hematochezia
A
passage of red, bloody stools
14
Q
immmunoglobulin
A
specific protein evoked by an antigen; all antibodies are immunoglobulins
15
Q
melena
A
passage of black, tarry stools
16
Q
occult
A
not visible on the surface
17
Q
hemoccult test
A
trade name for a fecal occult blood test
18
Q
lysozyme
A
enzyme that dissolves the cell walls of bacteria
19
Q
parotid
A
parotid gland is by the ear
20
Q
dental pulp
A
connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth
21
Q
symptom
A
departure from the normal experienced by the patient
22
Q
abscess
A
collection of pus
23
Q
aphthous ulcer
A
canker sore
24
Q
caries
A
bacterial destruction of teeth
25
glossodynia
painful, burning tongue
26
leukoplakia
white patch on oral mucous membrane, often precancerous
27
pyorrhea
purulent discharge
28
Sjogren syndrome
autoimmune disease that attacks the glands that produce saliva and tears
29
stomatitis
general term given to any infection of the mouth
30
tartar
aka dental calculus; calcified deposit at the gingival margin of the teeth
31
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
32
epiglottis
leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off larynx during swalllowing
33
hernia
protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it
34
haitus
opening through a structure
35
postprandial
following a meal
36
varix
dilated, tortuous vein
37
EMR
emergency medical responder
38
chyme
(pron. KYME) semifluid- partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum
39
duodenum
first part of the small intestine; 9-12inches long
40
gastrin
hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility
41
intrinsic factor
substance secreted by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of B12
42
mucin
protein element of mucus
43
pepsin
enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down protein
44
pepsinogen
enzyme converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin
45
pylorus
exit area of the stomach proximal to the duodenum
46
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease; regurgitation of stomach contents back into the esophagus often when a person is lying down at night
47
dyspepsia
"upset stomach"; epigastric pain, nausea and gas
48
erosion
a shallow ulcer in the lining of a structure
49
peptic
relating to the stomach and duodenum
50
perforation
erosion that progresses to become a hole through the wall of a structure
51
vagus
tenth cranial nerve; supplies many different organs throughout the body
52
duodenum
first part of the small intestine; 9-10inches
53
ileum
third portion of small intestine; 55% of SI length
54
ileocecal
pertaining to the junction of the ileum and cecum (first part of the LI)
55
jejunum
segment of small intestine between the duodenum and ileum where most of the nutrients are absorbed
56
mesentery
double layer of peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera
57
mucosa
aka mucous membrane; layer conting the epithelial cells that line the tract, intestinal glands that secrete the digestive enzymes, supportive connective tissue, villae.
58
submucosa
thick connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
59
muscularis
inner, circular layer of smooth muscle that contracts to create peristalsis and segmental contractions
60
omentum
fatty portion of the mesentery; hangs like an apron in front of all the intestines
61
parietal
pertaining to the wall of an organ or a body cavity
62
plica
fold in a mucous membrane; the way the small intestine is folded into circular folds
63
serosa
outermost layer of thin connective tissue of small intestine; it's a single layer of epithelial cells
64
viscus
PL: viscera; hollow, walled, internal organ
65
HAV
Hepatitis A; highly contagious; transmitted fecal-oral route through contaminated food
66
HBV
HepB; transmitted through body fluids
67
HCV
HepC; blood-to-blood transfer; often asymptomatic; can be cured in 51% of patients but can progress to chronic hep and cirrhosis
68
HDV
HepD; can only occur in presence of HBV
69
Hepatitis E
similar to HAV and occurs mostly in underdeveloped countries
70
Chronic Hepatitis
occurs when acute hepatitis is not healed after 6 months; can last years and is difficult to treat
71
cirrhosis of liver
chronic, irreversible disease; replaces normal liver cells with hard, fibrous scar tissue; 7th leading cause of death in US
72
Cancer of the liver
arises in patients with chronic liver disease usually from HBV
73
hemochromatosis
absorption of too much iron which is stored in liver; can lead to liver failure
74
hyperbilirubinemia
too much bilirubin; can cause jaundice
75
Wilson Disease
retention of too much copper in liver
76
ascites
accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
77
cholestatic
stopping the flow of bile
78
biliary colic
severe waves of pain in the UQ due to gallstone blocking the bile duct
79
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
80
cholecystokinin
hormone secreted by the lining of the intestine that stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and contraction of the gallbladder
81
choledocholithiasis
presence of gallstones in the common bile duct
82
cholelithiasis
condition of having bile stones (gallstones)
83
gallbladder
receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile
84
hemolysis
destruction of RBCs so that hemoglobin is liberated
85
hepatocellular
pertaining to liver cells
86
icterus jaundice
yellow stining of tissues with bile pigments including bilirubin
87
acinar cells
enzyme-secreting cells of the pancreas
88
cystic fibrosis
CF; genetic condition in which thick mucus obstructs the pancreas so that digestive enzymes do not reach the small intestine
89
endocrine gland
gland that produces an internal of hormonal secretion and secretes it into the bloodstream
90
exocrine gland
a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts
91
fatty acid
acid obtained from the hydrolysis of fats
92
islet cells
hormone-secreting cells of the pancreas
93
pancreas
lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum; both endocrine and exocrine
94
secretin
hormone produced by the duodenum to stimulate pancreatic juice
95
trypsin
enzyme that breaks down protein
96
chymotripsin
trypsin found in chyme
97
chyle
milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine
98
lacteal
lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from the intestine
99
Crohn's Disease
inflammation of the small intestine (frequently in the ileum) and occasionally also the large intestine; malabsorption is common and children with Crohn's may have delayed development and stunted growth
100
gastroenteritis
stomach "flu"; caused by a large variety of bacteria and viruses
101
dysentery
severe form of bacterial gastroenteritis with blood and mucus in frequent, watery stools
102
appendix
small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum
103
cecum
first part of the large intestine
104
colon
large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum
105
gastrocolic reflex
mass movement of feces in the colon and the desire to defecate caused by taking food into the stomach
106
ileocecal
band of muscle that encircles the junction of the ileum and cecum
107
sigmoid
shaped like an "s" part of colon
108
flexure
bends of the large intestine
109
appendicitis
RLQ; acute abdominal pain; can lead to rupturing and needing appendectomy
110
ulcerative colitis
extensive inflammation and ulceration of the lining of the large intestine; produces bloody diarrhea, crampy pain, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance
111
IBS
increasingly common large-bowel disorder; presents crampy pains, gas and changes in bowel habits
112
polyp
masses of tissue arising from the wall of the L.I. that protrude into the bowel lumen; most are benign
113
colon and rectal cancers
2nd leading cancer causing death after lung; majority occur in the rectum and sigmoid colon
114
intussusception
obstruction from one section of bowel pushing into another
115
proctitis
inflammation of the lining of the rectum, often associated with ulcerative colitis, crohn's, or radiation therapy
116
nasogastric aspiration and lavage
used to detect upper GI bleeding
117
enteroscopy
uses oral, flexible endoscope used to see and biopsy tumors and ulcers and to control bleeding from esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
118
capsule endoscopy
enables examination of the entire small intestine by ingesting a pill-sized video capsule
119
double balloon endoscopy
uses two balloos at the tip of hte endoscope that are inflated sequentially to move the endoscope further into the intestine than with a usual endoscope
120
angiography
uses injected dye to highlight blood vessels and is used to detect the site of bleeding in the GI tract
121
protoscopy
uses a proctoscope that allows for the visual examination of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon to look for diseases, causes of rectal bleeding or check on abnormal results
122
anoscopy
examination of hte anus and lower rectum using a rigid instrument
123
sigmoidoscopy
examines rectum and sigmoid
124
flexible colonoscopy
examines whole length of colon
125
aspiration
removal by suction of fluid of gas from a body cavity
126
cholangiography
x-ray of the bile ducts after injection or ingestion of a contrast medium
127
lavage
washing out of a hollow cavity, tube, or organ
128
resection
removal of a specific part of an organ or structure
129
lapraroscopy
thin, lighted tuve inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall used to examine abdominal and pelvic organs; can also take Bx samples
130
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERCP; used to diagnose and treat problems in the biliary ductal system
131
pancreas endoscopic ultrasound
EUS; ultrasound probe inserted through mouth down to stomach and first part of small intestine; great at assessing pancreas
132
anastomosis
surgically made union between two tubular structures
133
-ostomy
surgery to create an artificial opening into a tubular structure
134
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists
H2-blockers; blocks signal that tells stomach cells to produce acid; ex pepcid, zantac
135
proton pump inhibitors
PPIs; suppresses gastric acid secretion in the stomach lining by blocking secretion of gastric acid from cells into the lumen of hte stomach; ex prilosec, prevacid, nexium
136
serotonin antagonists
block serotonin receptors in CNS and GI tract; used to treat postoperative and chemotheraphy nausea and vomiting
137
dopamine antagonists
act in the brain; more side effects than serotonin antagonisits so not preferred any more
138
antihistimines
used to treat motion sickness, morning sickness in pregnancy, and opioid nausea; ex. Benadryl
139
cachexia
general weight loss and wasting of the body
140
motility
ability for spontaneous movement
141
dia-
through, across
142
-iasis
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
143
-megaly
enlargement
144
-orexia
appetite
145
-pepsia
digestion
146
-prandial
meal
147
antacids
mylanta, rolaids, tums, calcium carbonate
148
antidiarrheals
imodium, donnagel, kaopectate
149
antiemetics
compazine, zofran
150
antispasmodics
dicyclomine, bentyl
151
laxatives
senna, senakot, metamucil
