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Med Term > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Alimentary

A

Pertaining to the digestive tract

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2
Q

bariatric

A

treatment of obesity

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3
Q

gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

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4
Q

Roux-en-Y

A

surgical procedure to reduce the size of the stomach

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5
Q

transcript

A

an exact copy or reproduction

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6
Q

propulsion

A

movement of food from the mouth to the anus

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7
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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8
Q

amylase

A

enzyme that breaks down starch (carbs)

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9
Q

bolus

A

single mass of a substance (food)

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10
Q

antibody

A

protein produced in response to an antigen

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11
Q

antigen

A

substances capable of producing an immune response

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12
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

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13
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of red, bloody stools

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14
Q

immmunoglobulin

A

specific protein evoked by an antigen; all antibodies are immunoglobulins

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15
Q

melena

A

passage of black, tarry stools

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16
Q

occult

A

not visible on the surface

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17
Q

hemoccult test

A

trade name for a fecal occult blood test

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18
Q

lysozyme

A

enzyme that dissolves the cell walls of bacteria

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19
Q

parotid

A

parotid gland is by the ear

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20
Q

dental pulp

A

connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth

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21
Q

symptom

A

departure from the normal experienced by the patient

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22
Q

abscess

A

collection of pus

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23
Q

aphthous ulcer

A

canker sore

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24
Q

caries

A

bacterial destruction of teeth

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25
Q

glossodynia

A

painful, burning tongue

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26
Q

leukoplakia

A

white patch on oral mucous membrane, often precancerous

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27
Q

pyorrhea

A

purulent discharge

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28
Q

Sjogren syndrome

A

autoimmune disease that attacks the glands that produce saliva and tears

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29
Q

stomatitis

A

general term given to any infection of the mouth

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30
Q

tartar

A

aka dental calculus; calcified deposit at the gingival margin of the teeth

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31
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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32
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off larynx during swalllowing

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33
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it

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34
Q

haitus

A

opening through a structure

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35
Q

postprandial

A

following a meal

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36
Q

varix

A

dilated, tortuous vein

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37
Q

EMR

A

emergency medical responder

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38
Q

chyme

A

(pron. KYME) semifluid- partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum

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39
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine; 9-12inches long

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40
Q

gastrin

A

hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility

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41
Q

intrinsic factor

A

substance secreted by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of B12

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42
Q

mucin

A

protein element of mucus

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43
Q

pepsin

A

enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down protein

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44
Q

pepsinogen

A

enzyme converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin

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45
Q

pylorus

A

exit area of the stomach proximal to the duodenum

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46
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease; regurgitation of stomach contents back into the esophagus often when a person is lying down at night

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47
Q

dyspepsia

A

“upset stomach”; epigastric pain, nausea and gas

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48
Q

erosion

A

a shallow ulcer in the lining of a structure

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49
Q

peptic

A

relating to the stomach and duodenum

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50
Q

perforation

A

erosion that progresses to become a hole through the wall of a structure

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51
Q

vagus

A

tenth cranial nerve; supplies many different organs throughout the body

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52
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine; 9-10inches

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53
Q

ileum

A

third portion of small intestine; 55% of SI length

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54
Q

ileocecal

A

pertaining to the junction of the ileum and cecum (first part of the LI)

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55
Q

jejunum

A

segment of small intestine between the duodenum and ileum where most of the nutrients are absorbed

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56
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera

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57
Q

mucosa

A

aka mucous membrane; layer conting the epithelial cells that line the tract, intestinal glands that secrete the digestive enzymes, supportive connective tissue, villae.

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58
Q

submucosa

A

thick connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

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59
Q

muscularis

A

inner, circular layer of smooth muscle that contracts to create peristalsis and segmental contractions

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60
Q

omentum

A

fatty portion of the mesentery; hangs like an apron in front of all the intestines

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61
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the wall of an organ or a body cavity

62
Q

plica

A

fold in a mucous membrane; the way the small intestine is folded into circular folds

63
Q

serosa

A

outermost layer of thin connective tissue of small intestine; it’s a single layer of epithelial cells

64
Q

viscus

A

PL: viscera; hollow, walled, internal organ

65
Q

HAV

A

Hepatitis A; highly contagious; transmitted fecal-oral route through contaminated food

66
Q

HBV

A

HepB; transmitted through body fluids

67
Q

HCV

A

HepC; blood-to-blood transfer; often asymptomatic; can be cured in 51% of patients but can progress to chronic hep and cirrhosis

68
Q

HDV

A

HepD; can only occur in presence of HBV

69
Q

Hepatitis E

A

similar to HAV and occurs mostly in underdeveloped countries

70
Q

Chronic Hepatitis

A

occurs when acute hepatitis is not healed after 6 months; can last years and is difficult to treat

71
Q

cirrhosis of liver

A

chronic, irreversible disease; replaces normal liver cells with hard, fibrous scar tissue; 7th leading cause of death in US

72
Q

Cancer of the liver

A

arises in patients with chronic liver disease usually from HBV

73
Q

hemochromatosis

A

absorption of too much iron which is stored in liver; can lead to liver failure

74
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

too much bilirubin; can cause jaundice

75
Q

Wilson Disease

A

retention of too much copper in liver

76
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

77
Q

cholestatic

A

stopping the flow of bile

78
Q

biliary colic

A

severe waves of pain in the UQ due to gallstone blocking the bile duct

79
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

80
Q

cholecystokinin

A

hormone secreted by the lining of the intestine that stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and contraction of the gallbladder

81
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

presence of gallstones in the common bile duct

82
Q

cholelithiasis

A

condition of having bile stones (gallstones)

83
Q

gallbladder

A

receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile

84
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of RBCs so that hemoglobin is liberated

85
Q

hepatocellular

A

pertaining to liver cells

86
Q

icterus jaundice

A

yellow stining of tissues with bile pigments including bilirubin

87
Q

acinar cells

A

enzyme-secreting cells of the pancreas

88
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

CF; genetic condition in which thick mucus obstructs the pancreas so that digestive enzymes do not reach the small intestine

89
Q

endocrine gland

A

gland that produces an internal of hormonal secretion and secretes it into the bloodstream

90
Q

exocrine gland

A

a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts

91
Q

fatty acid

A

acid obtained from the hydrolysis of fats

92
Q

islet cells

A

hormone-secreting cells of the pancreas

93
Q

pancreas

A

lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum; both endocrine and exocrine

94
Q

secretin

A

hormone produced by the duodenum to stimulate pancreatic juice

95
Q

trypsin

A

enzyme that breaks down protein

96
Q

chymotripsin

A

trypsin found in chyme

97
Q

chyle

A

milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine

98
Q

lacteal

A

lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from the intestine

99
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

inflammation of the small intestine (frequently in the ileum) and occasionally also the large intestine; malabsorption is common and children with Crohn’s may have delayed development and stunted growth

100
Q

gastroenteritis

A

stomach “flu”; caused by a large variety of bacteria and viruses

101
Q

dysentery

A

severe form of bacterial gastroenteritis with blood and mucus in frequent, watery stools

102
Q

appendix

A

small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum

103
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine

104
Q

colon

A

large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum

105
Q

gastrocolic reflex

A

mass movement of feces in the colon and the desire to defecate caused by taking food into the stomach

106
Q

ileocecal

A

band of muscle that encircles the junction of the ileum and cecum

107
Q

sigmoid

A

shaped like an “s” part of colon

108
Q

flexure

A

bends of the large intestine

109
Q

appendicitis

A

RLQ; acute abdominal pain; can lead to rupturing and needing appendectomy

110
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

extensive inflammation and ulceration of the lining of the large intestine; produces bloody diarrhea, crampy pain, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance

111
Q

IBS

A

increasingly common large-bowel disorder; presents crampy pains, gas and changes in bowel habits

112
Q

polyp

A

masses of tissue arising from the wall of the L.I. that protrude into the bowel lumen; most are benign

113
Q

colon and rectal cancers

A

2nd leading cancer causing death after lung; majority occur in the rectum and sigmoid colon

114
Q

intussusception

A

obstruction from one section of bowel pushing into another

115
Q

proctitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the rectum, often associated with ulcerative colitis, crohn’s, or radiation therapy

116
Q

nasogastric aspiration and lavage

A

used to detect upper GI bleeding

117
Q

enteroscopy

A

uses oral, flexible endoscope used to see and biopsy tumors and ulcers and to control bleeding from esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

118
Q

capsule endoscopy

A

enables examination of the entire small intestine by ingesting a pill-sized video capsule

119
Q

double balloon endoscopy

A

uses two balloos at the tip of hte endoscope that are inflated sequentially to move the endoscope further into the intestine than with a usual endoscope

120
Q

angiography

A

uses injected dye to highlight blood vessels and is used to detect the site of bleeding in the GI tract

121
Q

protoscopy

A

uses a proctoscope that allows for the visual examination of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon to look for diseases, causes of rectal bleeding or check on abnormal results

122
Q

anoscopy

A

examination of hte anus and lower rectum using a rigid instrument

123
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

examines rectum and sigmoid

124
Q

flexible colonoscopy

A

examines whole length of colon

125
Q

aspiration

A

removal by suction of fluid of gas from a body cavity

126
Q

cholangiography

A

x-ray of the bile ducts after injection or ingestion of a contrast medium

127
Q

lavage

A

washing out of a hollow cavity, tube, or organ

128
Q

resection

A

removal of a specific part of an organ or structure

129
Q

lapraroscopy

A

thin, lighted tuve inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall used to examine abdominal and pelvic organs; can also take Bx samples

130
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

ERCP; used to diagnose and treat problems in the biliary ductal system

131
Q

pancreas endoscopic ultrasound

A

EUS; ultrasound probe inserted through mouth down to stomach and first part of small intestine; great at assessing pancreas

132
Q

anastomosis

A

surgically made union between two tubular structures

133
Q

-ostomy

A

surgery to create an artificial opening into a tubular structure

134
Q

Histamine-2 receptor antagonists

A

H2-blockers; blocks signal that tells stomach cells to produce acid; ex pepcid, zantac

135
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

PPIs; suppresses gastric acid secretion in the stomach lining by blocking secretion of gastric acid from cells into the lumen of hte stomach; ex prilosec, prevacid, nexium

136
Q

serotonin antagonists

A

block serotonin receptors in CNS and GI tract; used to treat postoperative and chemotheraphy nausea and vomiting

137
Q

dopamine antagonists

A

act in the brain; more side effects than serotonin antagonisits so not preferred any more

138
Q

antihistimines

A

used to treat motion sickness, morning sickness in pregnancy, and opioid nausea; ex. Benadryl

139
Q

cachexia

A

general weight loss and wasting of the body

140
Q

motility

A

ability for spontaneous movement

141
Q

dia-

A

through, across

142
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

143
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

144
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

145
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

146
Q

-prandial

A

meal

147
Q

antacids

A

mylanta, rolaids, tums, calcium carbonate

148
Q

antidiarrheals

A

imodium, donnagel, kaopectate

149
Q

antiemetics

A

compazine, zofran

150
Q

antispasmodics

A

dicyclomine, bentyl

151
Q

laxatives

A

senna, senakot, metamucil

Med Term (17 decks)

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