Module 11 Male Reproductive System

Question 1

tunica vaginalis

Answer 1

serous membrane that covers each testis; has an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer separated by serous fluid

Question 2

testosterone

Answer 2

major androgen produced by the interstitial cells of the testes; sustains mail reproductive tract, stimulates spermatogenesis, inhibits secretion of female hormones at age 65, stimulates the development of puberty, enlarges the spermatic ducts and accessory glands, stimulates a burst of growth at puberty, stimulates erythropoiesis, and stimulates the brain to increase libido in the male

Question 3

spermatic cord

Answer 3

artery, plexus of veins, nerves, a thin muscle, and the ductus (vas) deferens

Question 4

spermatogenesis

Answer 4

process in which the germ cells of the seminiferous tubules mature and divide (mitosis) and then undergo two divisions call meiosis; the 4 daughter cells differentiate into spermatids and then spermatozoa

Question 5

meiosis

Answer 5

two rapid cell divisions, resulting in half the number of chromosomes

Question 6

mitosis

Answer 6

cell division to create two identical cells, each with 46 chromosomes

Question 7

seminiferous tubule

Answer 7

coiled tubes in the testes that produce sperm

Question 8

cryptorchism

Answer 8

occurs when a testis fails to descent into the scrotum by 12 months; if not fixed by 2yo the male will be sterile; ICD-10 root operation is reposition

Question 9

testicular torsion

Answer 9

twisting of a testis on its spermatic cord; occurs in men between puberty and 25yo; in half the cases it starts in bed at night; the testis will die in around 6 hours unless the blood supply is restored

Question 10

varicocele

Answer 10

condition in which the veins in the spermatic cord become dilated and tortuous as varicose veins

Question 11

hydrocele

Answer 11

collection of excess fluid in the space between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis of the testis; most common in newborn babies and resolves itself within the first year

Question 12

testicular cancer

Answer 12

most common in men younger than 40; 40% are seminomas the other 60 % (nonseminomas) occur in different combinations of choriocarcinoma, embryonal cell, and teratoma

Question 13

choriocarcinoma

Answer 13

highly malignant cancer in a testis or ovary

Question 14

rete testis

Answer 14

network of tubules between the seminiferous tubules and the epididymis

Question 15

functions of seminal fluid

Answer 15

provide nutrients to sperm as they are in the urethra and female reproductive tract, neutralize acid secretions, provide hormones (prostaglandins), provide the fluid vehicle in which sperm can swim

Question 16

prostate gland’s secretions include:

Answer 16

citric acid (nutrient for sperm) an antibiotic that combats UTIs, clotting factors, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) an enzyme that helps liquefy the sticky mass following ejaculation

Question 17

hypogonadism

Answer 17

deficient gonad production of sperm, eggs, or hormones

Question 18

prepuce

Answer 18

aka foreskin

Question 19

Peyronie disease

Answer 19

marked curvature of the erect penis caused by fibrous tissue; etiology unknown; no treatment

Question 20

Priapism

Answer 20

persistent, painful erection when blood cannot escape from the erectile tissue; can be caused by drugs’, blood clots, or spinal cord injury

Question 21

balanitis

Answer 21

infection of the glans and foreskin with bacteria or yeast; treatment includes washing foreskin and glans

Question 22

phimosis

Answer 22

condition in which the foreskin is tight because of a small opening and cannot be retracted over the glans for cleaning

Question 23

chancre

Answer 23

primary lesion of syphilis

Question 24

condyloma

Answer 24

warty growth on external genitalia

Question 25

epispadias

Answer 25

condition in which the urethral opening is on the dorsum of the penis

Question 26

DRE

Answer 26

digital rectal examination; lubricated, gloved finger is inserted into the rectum; in men it checks for issues of the prostate gland

Question 27

orchiopexy

Answer 27

surgical procedure to move an undescended testicle

Question 28

TURP

Answer 28

transurethral resection of the prostate; used to treat BPH

Question 29

brachytherapy

Answer 29

radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in the tissue to be treated

Question 30

Cowper glands

Answer 30

two pea-shaped structures that provide alkaline fluid for sperm viability

Question 31

anorchidism

Answer 31

where the male has a congenital absence of one or both testes; AKA anorchia or anarchism

Question 32

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 32

BPH; mostly seen in elderly males; enlarged or engorged prostate gland that is detected by DRE; can cause difficulty with urination

Question 33

fluctuance

Answer 33

a tense area of skin with a wave-like or boggy feeling upon palpation; contains pus which has accumulated beneath the epidermis

Question 34

Erectile Dysfunction

Answer 34

ED; male has repeated inability to initate or maintain an erection due to anything impairing blood flow to the penis

Question 35

hypogonadism

Answer 35

male has a decrease or lack of testosterone; causes decreased function of the sex gland, an increased risk of infertility and an increased risk of osteoporosis

Question 36

hypospadias

Answer 36

congenital anomaly where urethral opening is on the underside of the penis or perineum; six types named according to their location along the penile shaft

Question 37

phimosis

Answer 37

stenosis (narrowing) of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis; can cause a lack of blood flow causing penile tissue to die and increases the risk for orchitis, prostatitis, or a UTI; may require surgery

Question 38

paraphimosis

Answer 38

is where the foreskin has been moved behind the head of the penis and cannot be placed back over the glans penis; may require surgery

Question 39

prostate cancer

Answer 39

affects more than 10% of men over 50 and incidence is increasing; almost all prostate cancers develop from the gland cells (the cells that make the prostate fluid that is added to the semen); adenocarcinoma is most common type of prostate cancer

Question 40

risk factors for prostate cancer

Answer 40

age: risk rises rapidly after 50; occurs more often in African-American men; family history

Question 41

prostate cancer signs and symptoms

Answer 41

dysuria, hematuria, nocturia, and hesitancy; sometimes ED and painful ejaculation; symptoms (if present) typically associated with the urinary tract; hip or back pain possibly present in advanced stages

Question 42

prostate cancer: treamtnet

Answer 42

prostatectomy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy

Question 43

STDs

Answer 43

collectively the single, most significant cause of reproductive disorders

Question 44

albumin/o

Answer 44

albumin, protein

Question 45

azot/o

Answer 45

nitrogenous compounds

Question 46

dia-

Answer 46

through, across