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Med Term > Module 11 Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Module 11 Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

serous membrane that covers each testis; has an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer separated by serous fluid

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2
Q

testosterone

A

major androgen produced by the interstitial cells of the testes; sustains mail reproductive tract, stimulates spermatogenesis, inhibits secretion of female hormones at age 65, stimulates the development of puberty, enlarges the spermatic ducts and accessory glands, stimulates a burst of growth at puberty, stimulates erythropoiesis, and stimulates the brain to increase libido in the male

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3
Q

spermatic cord

A

artery, plexus of veins, nerves, a thin muscle, and the ductus (vas) deferens

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4
Q

spermatogenesis

A

process in which the germ cells of the seminiferous tubules mature and divide (mitosis) and then undergo two divisions call meiosis; the 4 daughter cells differentiate into spermatids and then spermatozoa

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5
Q

meiosis

A

two rapid cell divisions, resulting in half the number of chromosomes

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6
Q

mitosis

A

cell division to create two identical cells, each with 46 chromosomes

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7
Q

seminiferous tubule

A

coiled tubes in the testes that produce sperm

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8
Q

cryptorchism

A

occurs when a testis fails to descent into the scrotum by 12 months; if not fixed by 2yo the male will be sterile; ICD-10 root operation is reposition

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9
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of a testis on its spermatic cord; occurs in men between puberty and 25yo; in half the cases it starts in bed at night; the testis will die in around 6 hours unless the blood supply is restored

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10
Q

varicocele

A

condition in which the veins in the spermatic cord become dilated and tortuous as varicose veins

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11
Q

hydrocele

A

collection of excess fluid in the space between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis of the testis; most common in newborn babies and resolves itself within the first year

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12
Q

testicular cancer

A

most common in men younger than 40; 40% are seminomas the other 60 % (nonseminomas) occur in different combinations of choriocarcinoma, embryonal cell, and teratoma

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13
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

highly malignant cancer in a testis or ovary

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14
Q

rete testis

A

network of tubules between the seminiferous tubules and the epididymis

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15
Q

functions of seminal fluid

A

provide nutrients to sperm as they are in the urethra and female reproductive tract, neutralize acid secretions, provide hormones (prostaglandins), provide the fluid vehicle in which sperm can swim

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16
Q

prostate gland’s secretions include:

A

citric acid (nutrient for sperm) an antibiotic that combats UTIs, clotting factors, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) an enzyme that helps liquefy the sticky mass following ejaculation

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17
Q

hypogonadism

A

deficient gonad production of sperm, eggs, or hormones

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18
Q

prepuce

A

aka foreskin

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19
Q

Peyronie disease

A

marked curvature of the erect penis caused by fibrous tissue; etiology unknown; no treatment

20
Q

Priapism

A

persistent, painful erection when blood cannot escape from the erectile tissue; can be caused by drugs’, blood clots, or spinal cord injury

21
Q

balanitis

A

infection of the glans and foreskin with bacteria or yeast; treatment includes washing foreskin and glans

22
Q

phimosis

A

condition in which the foreskin is tight because of a small opening and cannot be retracted over the glans for cleaning

23
Q

chancre

A

primary lesion of syphilis

24
Q

condyloma

A

warty growth on external genitalia

25
Q

epispadias

A

condition in which the urethral opening is on the dorsum of the penis

26
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination; lubricated, gloved finger is inserted into the rectum; in men it checks for issues of the prostate gland

27
Q

orchiopexy

A

surgical procedure to move an undescended testicle

28
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate; used to treat BPH

29
Q

brachytherapy

A

radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in the tissue to be treated

30
Q

Cowper glands

A

two pea-shaped structures that provide alkaline fluid for sperm viability

31
Q

anorchidism

A

where the male has a congenital absence of one or both testes; AKA anorchia or anarchism

32
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

BPH; mostly seen in elderly males; enlarged or engorged prostate gland that is detected by DRE; can cause difficulty with urination

33
Q

fluctuance

A

a tense area of skin with a wave-like or boggy feeling upon palpation; contains pus which has accumulated beneath the epidermis

34
Q

Erectile Dysfunction

A

ED; male has repeated inability to initate or maintain an erection due to anything impairing blood flow to the penis

35
Q

hypogonadism

A

male has a decrease or lack of testosterone; causes decreased function of the sex gland, an increased risk of infertility and an increased risk of osteoporosis

36
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital anomaly where urethral opening is on the underside of the penis or perineum; six types named according to their location along the penile shaft

37
Q

phimosis

A

stenosis (narrowing) of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis; can cause a lack of blood flow causing penile tissue to die and increases the risk for orchitis, prostatitis, or a UTI; may require surgery

38
Q

paraphimosis

A

is where the foreskin has been moved behind the head of the penis and cannot be placed back over the glans penis; may require surgery

39
Q

prostate cancer

A

affects more than 10% of men over 50 and incidence is increasing; almost all prostate cancers develop from the gland cells (the cells that make the prostate fluid that is added to the semen); adenocarcinoma is most common type of prostate cancer

40
Q

risk factors for prostate cancer

A

age: risk rises rapidly after 50; occurs more often in African-American men; family history

41
Q

prostate cancer signs and symptoms

A

dysuria, hematuria, nocturia, and hesitancy; sometimes ED and painful ejaculation; symptoms (if present) typically associated with the urinary tract; hip or back pain possibly present in advanced stages

42
Q

prostate cancer: treamtnet

A

prostatectomy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy

43
Q

STDs

A

collectively the single, most significant cause of reproductive disorders

44
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin, protein

45
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogenous compounds

46
Q

dia-

A

through, across

Med Term (17 decks)

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