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Med Term > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonologist

A

physicians who specialize in diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disorders

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2
Q

thoracic surgeons

A

physicians who specialize in surgical treatment of lung/pulmonary problems

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3
Q

6 elements of the respiratory tract

A
  1. Nose
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Bronchi and bronchioles
  6. Alveoli
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4
Q

4 components of respiration

A
  1. ventilation- inspiration and expiration
  2. pulmonary exchange of gases- external respiration
  3. gas transport- from pulmonary capillaries through arterial system to peripheral capillaries and back through venous system
  4. peripheral gas exchange- between tissue capillaries and tissue cells for use in cellular metabolism (internal respiration)
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5
Q

5 functions of respiratory system:

A
  1. exchange of gases- between O2 and CO2
  2. Regulation of blood pH- by changing CO2 levels
  3. Protection- filter out foreign bodies and some microorganisms
  4. Voice Production
  5. Olfaction
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6
Q

ABG

A

Arterial Blood Gas

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7
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease AKA CAO

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8
Q

P

A

pulse

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9
Q

R

A

respiration

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10
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

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11
Q

T

A

temperature

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12
Q

VS

A

vital signs

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13
Q

Alveolus

A

tiny air sac terminal element of the respiratory system

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14
Q

bronchus

A

one of the two subdivisions of the trachea

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15
Q

bronchiole

A

increasingly smaller subdivisions of the bronchi

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16
Q

cannula

A

tube inserted into a blood vessel as a channel for fluids of gases

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17
Q

cilia

A

hair-like motile projection from the surface of a cell

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18
Q

larynx

A

organ of voice production

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19
Q

pharynx

A

air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx

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20
Q

pulmonology

A

study of the lungs, or the medical specialty of disorders of the respiratory tract

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21
Q

respiration

A

fundamental process of life used to exchange CO2 and O2

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22
Q

sputum

A

matter coughed up and spat out my individuals with respiratory disorders

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23
Q

ventilation

A

movement of gases into and out of the lungs

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24
Q

Functions of the nose

A
  1. passageway for air
  2. Air Cleanser
  3. Air Moisturizer
  4. Air warmer
  5. Olfaction
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25
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

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26
Q

concha

A

shell-shaped bone on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

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27
Q

coryza

A

AKA rhinitis; viral inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose; inflammation of the nasal mucosa

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28
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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29
Q

meatus

A

passage or channel; also use to denote the external opening of a passage

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30
Q

mucopurulent

A

mixture of mucus and pus

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31
Q

naris

A

nostril; pl nares

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32
Q

turbinate

A

another name for nasal conchae on the medial walls of the nasal cavity

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33
Q

pharynx

A

3 parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx; muscular funnel that receives air from the nasal cavity and food and drink from the oral cavity

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34
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

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35
Q

adenoid

A

single mass of lymphoid tissue in the midline at the back of the throat

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36
Q

-pnea

A

breathe

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37
Q

hypoxemia

A

decreased levels of O2 in the blood

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38
Q

anoxia

A

complete deprivation of oxygen supply

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39
Q

polysomnography

A

test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and O2 levels in the blood as the patient sleeps

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40
Q

tonsil

A

mass of lymphoid tissue on either size of the throat at the back of the tongue

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41
Q

aphonia

A

loss of voice

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42
Q

cricoid

A

ring-shaped cartilage in the larynx

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43
Q

glottis

A

opening from the oropharynx in to the larynx

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44
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing

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45
Q

intrinsic

A

any muscle whos origin and insertion are entirely within the structure under consideration; ex. inside the vocal cords or the eye

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46
Q

thyroid

A

gland in the neck, or a cartilage of the larynx

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47
Q

LTB

A

laryngotracheobronchitis; aka croup; viral respiratory infection in kids aged 3mo to 5y; causes inflammation and obstruction of the upper airway; characteristic barking cough

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48
Q

hilum

A

site where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

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49
Q

mediastinum

A

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

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50
Q

parenchyma

A

characteristic functional cell of a gland or organ that are supported by the connective tissue framework

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51
Q

stroma

A

connective tissue framework that supports the parenchyma of an organ or gland

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52
Q

trachealis

A

pertaining to the trachea

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53
Q

functions of pleurae and pleural fluid

A
  1. reduce friction- allows inspiration and expiration with minimal friction
  2. assist in inspiration- pressure in cavity is lower than the atmospheric pressure in the lungs
  3. separation- separation prevent infections from spreading easily from one organ to another
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54
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the outer layer of the serous membrane lining the thoracic and other body cavities

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55
Q

pleura

A

membrane covering lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity

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56
Q

surfactant

A

a protein and fat compound that reduces surface tension to hold lung alveolar walls apart

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57
Q

pleural fluid

A

fills pleural cavity

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58
Q

compliance

A

ability of the lungs to expand on inspiration

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59
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

60
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

61
Q

expectorate

A

cough up and spit out mucus from the respiratory tract

62
Q

hemoptysis

A

blood sputum

63
Q

hyperpnea

A

deeper and more rapid breathing than normal

64
Q

phlegm

A

abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract

65
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

66
Q

acute bronchitis

A

viral or bacterial; leads to production of excess mucus with some obstruction of airflow

67
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

most common obstructive disease; due to cigarette smoking or repeated episodes of acute bronchitis; in addition to excess mucus production, cilia are destroyed

68
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of bronchioles; often unrecognized beginning of cigarette smokers; viral

69
Q

emphysema

A

in bronchioles and alveoli; enlarged airways and septa between alveoli are destroyed forming large sacs (bullae); loss of surface area for gas exchange; leads to hyperinflation of lungs and enlarged “barrel chest”

70
Q

CAO

A

chronic airway obstruction; AKA COPD; progressive disease; involves chronic bronchitis and emphysema; chronic cough, sputum production, and exertional dyspnea; 3 medical disorders included with COPD: asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema

71
Q

bronchiectasis

A

abnormal dilation of small bronchioles due to repeated infections; bronchi unable to clear secretions so additional infections and more damage can occur

72
Q

asthma

A

acute episodes of bronchial obstruction as a result of constriction of bronchioles (bronchoconstriction), hypersecretion of mucus, and inflammation of bronchiolar lining

73
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis; caused by increased viscosity of secretions from the pancreas, salivary glands, liver, intestine, and lungs; respiratory failure the cause of death often before 30

74
Q

pulmonary edema

A

collection of fluid in the lung tissues and alveoli; most frequently result of left ventricular failure or mitral valve disease with congestive heart failure

75
Q

bulla

A

bubble-like dilated structure

76
Q

cor pulmonale

A

right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease

77
Q

hypercapnia

A

abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream

78
Q

hyperinflation

A

overdistension of pulmonary alveoli with air resulting from airway obstruction

79
Q

hypoxia

A

decrease below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases, or blood

80
Q

pneumonia

A

acute infection of alveoli and lunch parenchyma; bacterial- alveoli, viral-parenchyma

81
Q

consolidated

A

where lung tissue loses its spongy texture and becomes swollen and engorged with fluid

82
Q

atelectasis

A

area of lung collapses as a result of bronchial obstruction

83
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of pleurae; can be a complication of pneumonia; very painful, leads to pleural effusion

84
Q

empyema

A

pleural effusion containing pus

85
Q

hemothorax

A

pleural effusion containing blood

86
Q

lung abcesses

A

can be a complication of bacterial pneumonia or cancer

87
Q

pneumothorax

A

entry of air into the pleural cavity; can be unknown cause (spontaneous pneumothorax) or from trauma such as fracture rib, knife blade, or bullet lacerates the parietal pleura

88
Q

thromboembolism

A

caused by embolus (blood clot), usually arising in the deep vein of the calf and lodging in a branch of the pulmonary artery; chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, and reduced O2levels

89
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome; sudden, life-threatening lung failure; alveoli fill with fluid and collapse and gas exchange is shut down; hypoxia results; mortality from 35-50%

90
Q

NRDS

A

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome; preemies whos lungs have not matured enough to produce surfactant; alveoli collapse and mechanical vent. is needed

91
Q

tuberculosis

A

chronic, infectious disease of the lungs

92
Q

ARF

A

acute respiratory failure; abnormal respiratory function resulting in inadequate tissue oxygenation or CO2 elimination severe enough to impair vital organ functions; causes include CHF, COPD, chest trauma, spinal cord injury, and neuromuscular disorders

93
Q

anthracosis

A

lung disease caused by inhalation of coal dust

94
Q

effusion

A

collection of fluid that has escaped from blood vessels into a cavity or tissues

95
Q

flail chest

A

condition in which three or more consecutive ribs have been fractures, resulting in uncontrolled movement of that segment of the chest

96
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology

97
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of different dusts

98
Q

sarcoidosis

A

granulomatous lesions of lungs and other organs; cause unknown

99
Q

silicosis

A

fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles

100
Q

spirometer

A

device to measure the volume of air that move in and out of the respiratory system; volume of air expired at the end of this pulmonary function test (PFT) is the patients forced vital capacity (FVC)

101
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function test

102
Q

PEFR

A

peak expiratory flow rate

103
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases, measure levels of O2 & CO2 in blood

104
Q

vesicular

A

normal breath sounds

105
Q

adventitious

A

abnormal breath sounds

106
Q

crackles

A

aka rales; attributed to popping open the airways with or without the movement of air through secretions in larger airways

107
Q

pleural rub

A

grating or creaking sound; caused by inflamed visceral and parietal pleurae rubbing together

108
Q

stridor

A

loud, high-pitched sound with a musical quality; associated with constriction of the airways of the upper respiratory tract such as croup

109
Q

rhonchus

A

aka wheeze

110
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray; taken in anteroposterior (AP), posteroanterior (PA) lateral and sometimes oblique and lateral decubitus positions

111
Q

tracheal aspiration

A

uses soft catheter that allows brushings and washing to be performed to remove cells and secretions from the trachea and main bronchi

112
Q

thoracentesis

A

aka pleural tap; insertion of a needle through an intercostal space to remove fluid from a pleural effusion

113
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision through the chest wall; used to Bx tissue from the lung, hilum, pleura, or mediastinum

114
Q

auscultation

A

diagnostic method of using a stethoscope

115
Q

PDS

A

postural drainage therapy; uses gravity to promote drainage of secretions from lung segments

116
Q

continuous positive airway pressure

A

CPAP

117
Q

positive end-expiratory pressure

A

PEEP; technique in ventilation to keep the alveoli from collapsing in conditions such as ARDS and NRDS

118
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical removal of a lung

119
Q

tomography

A

radiographic image of a selected slice or section of a tissue

120
Q

glucocorticosteroids

A

hormone of the adrenal cortex; reduce airway inflammation; used for asthma and COPD

121
Q

DPI

A

dry powder inhaler

122
Q

LABA

A

long-acting B2-receptor agonist

123
Q

MDI

A

metered dose inhaler

124
Q

SABA

A

short-acting B2-receptor agonist

125
Q

aerosol

A

stable liquid suspension intended for use by inhalation

126
Q

agonist

A

agent that combines with receptors on cells to initiate drug actions

127
Q

antocholinergic

A

antagonistic to the action of parasympathetic nerve fibers

128
Q

thoracalgia

A

pain in the chest

129
Q

afebrile

A

without fever

130
Q

febrile

A

with fever

131
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

lung cancer, begins in epithelial tissue of bronchial tree and metastasize

132
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete; imperfect

133
Q

coni/o

A

dust

134
Q

orth/o

A

straight

135
Q

pector/o

A

chest

136
Q

-capnia

A

CO2

137
Q

-osmia

A

smell

138
Q

-phonia

A

voice

139
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

140
Q

antibiotics

A

erythromycin, penicillin, zithromax (z-pack)

141
Q

antihistimines

A

benadryl, claritin, allegra

142
Q

antitusssives

A

blocks cough reflex in medulla; vicks formula, dimetapp, halls

143
Q

bronchodilators

A

albuterol, proventil, ventolin, serevent

144
Q

corticosteroids

A

beclovent, azmacort

145
Q

decongestants

A

sudafed, distran, pseudoephedrine

146
Q

expectorants

A

guaifenesin, robitussin, mucinex

Med Term (17 decks)

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