Module 14 Special Senses Flashcards
Otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear possibly caused by bacteria or virus; could be acute or chronic; treatment: antibiotics, analgesics, myringotomy (needle aspiration to drain built-up fluid), and surgery
cataract
opacity or clouding of the crystalline lens or its surrounding membrane of the eyeball; unilateral or bilateral; occur as part of the aging process; treatment: glasses, phacoemulsification (surgery
opthalmologists
MDs in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye
optician
licensed to make corrective lenses, adjust and repair spectacles, and fit contacts
otologist
medical specialists in diseases of the ear
otorhinolaryngologists
MDS in diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT)
conjuctiva
inner lining of the eyelids
orbit
the bony socket that holds the eyeball
photophobia
fear of the light because it hurts the eyes
hordeolum
aka stye
chalazion
small, painless, localized, whitish swelling inside the lid when a tarsal gland becomes blocked
blepharitis
multiple eyelash follicles and tarsal glands become infected; usually staphylococcal
dacryostenosis
blockage of the drainage of tears, usually due to narrowing of the nasolacrimal ducts
dacryocystitis
infection of the lacrimal sac with swelling and pus at the medial corner of the eye
ptosis
upper eyelid is constantly drooped over the eye due to paresis of the muscle that raises the upper lid
stereopsis
three-dimensional perception
strabismus
a turning of an eye away from its normal position due to eye and brain not cooperating
esotropia
eye turned in toward the nose
exotropia
outward turning of one eye
ambylopia
“lazy eye”; failure or incomplete development of the pathways of vision to the brain
sclera
fibrous outer covering of the eyeball and the white of the eye
cornea
dome-shaped membrane on the front of the eye
sphincter pupillae muscle
opens and closes the pupil dictating how much light is let in
ciliary body
muscles that make the lens of the eye thicker and thinner
iris
colored portion of the eye with the pupil in its center
lens
transparent refractive structure behind the iris
retina
light-sensitive lining at the back of the eye; has 130mil rods which perceive only light and 6.5mil cones which are activated by light and color and have precise visual acuity
aqueous humor
watery liquid in the anterior and posterior chamber of the eye
fovea centralis
small pit in the center of the macula that has the highest visual acuity
macula lutea
yellowish spot on the back of the retina; contains the fovea centralis
photoreceptor
a photoreceptor cell receives light and converts it into electrical impulses
uvea
middle coat of eyeball; includes iris, ciliary body, and choroid
visual acuity
sharpness and clearness of vision
emmetropia
normal refractive condition of the eye
hyperopia
ability to see distant objects but unable to see close objects; far-sighted
myopia
ability to see close objects but unable to see distant objects; near-sighted
presbyopia
difficulty in nearsighted vision occurring in middle and old age; loss of lens flexibility
astigmatism
unequal curvatures of the cornea causing unequal focusing and blurred images
tract
bundle of nerve fibers with a common origin and destination
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure due to aqueous humor not returning from the eye into the bloodstream
ophthalmia neonatorum
conjunctivitis of the newborn
peripheral vision
ability to see objects as they come into the outer edges of the visual field
macular degeneration
degeneration of the central macula resulting in a dark blurry area of vision loss in the venter of the visual field
leukocoria
reflection in pupil of white mass in the eye
retinoblastoma
malignant neoplasm of primitive retinal cells
retinopathy
degenerative disease of the retina
Snellen letter chart
20ft away and vision is recorded as the smallest line in which the patient can read half of the letters
Ishihara color system
used to check color vision
Jaeger reading cards
printed in different sizes of print for testing near vision
refractometer
device that measure refractive errors of the cornea
cryopexy
repair of a detached retina by freezing it to surrounding tissue
fundus
part furthest from the opening of a hollow organ; ex. retina in eye
in situ
in the correct place
keratomileusis
surgical procedure that involves cutting and shaping the cornea
keratotomy
incision in the cornea
phacoemulsification
technique used to fragment the center of the lens into very tiny pieces and suck them out of the eye
photocoagulation
the use of light (laser beam) to form a clot
photoreactive
initiation by light of a process previously inactive
tonometer
instrument for determining intraocular pressure
trabeculectomy
surgical creation of passage in sclera to allow fluid to drain out of the eye
miosis
contraction of the pupil
mydriasis
dilation of the pupil
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
auricle
aka pinna; wing-shaped structure that directs sound waves
otitis externa
infection of the lining of the external auditory canal
otomycosis
fungal infection of the external ear canal
4 parts of middle ear
tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, Eustachian tube, and the ossicles
tympanic membrane
aka eardrum
ossicles
3: malleus, incus, and stapes