Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Term > Module 13 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Module 13 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

14 Glands in endocrine system:

A

Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid (4), thymus, adrenal (2), pancreas, and gonads (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hypothalamus

A

produces 8 hormones–6 are local that regulate the production of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland; 2– oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are transported to posterior pituitary where they are stored until needed elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pineal gland

A

located on the roof of the third ventricle of the brain, posterior to hypothalamus; secretes serotonin by day and converts it to melatonin at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

leptin

A

hormone secreted by adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

oxytocin

A

hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prostaglandin

A

hormone present in many tissues but first isolated from prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hypophysis

A

AKA pituitary gland; suspended from hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pituitary gland

A

two components: adenohypophysis (large anterior lobe) and neurohypophysis (smaller posterior lobe);

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adenohypophysis

A

produces 6 hormones: follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH aka thyrotropin), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH or somatotropin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tropic hormones

A

hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to produce their hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neurohypophysis

A

two hormones: oxytocin (OT), antidiuretic hormone (ADH aka vasopressin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet due to excess GH as an adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate ADH production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prognathism

A

condition of a forward-projecting jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

prolactinoma

A

prolactin-producing tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

osmolality

A

concentration of a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Methods of radiation therapy:

A

gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery, proton beam, therapy, external beam radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thyroid hormones

A

triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)– thyroid hormone refers to T3 and T4 collectively; hormones produced in respose to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland; functions: stimulates almost every tissue in the body to produce proteins, increases the amount of O2 that cells can use, and controls the body’s metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

calcitonin

A

thyroid hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

thyroid storm

A

medical crisis and emergency due to excess thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

graves disease

A

autoimmune disorder in which an antibody stimulates the thyroid to produce and secrete excessive quantities of thyroid hormones into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyeball as seen in hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hashimoto disease

A

autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cretinism

A

condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

parathyroid gland

A

usually 4 and are partially embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excess PTH due to enlarged glands ; more common than hypo; 4 abnormalities: osteopenia, hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, and depression, fatigue, and coma due to hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

thymus

A

located in mediastinum; large in children and decreases in size until it is mostly fibrous tissue; secretes hormones that stimulate the production of T lymphocytes

30
Q

DiGeorge syndrome

A

genetic immunodeficiency disorder which the thymus is underdeveloped or absent at birth

31
Q

adrenal glands

A

aka suprarenal glands; adrenal cortex (outer layer) synthesizes more than 25 steroid hormones collectively called adrenocortical hormones, corticosteroids, or corticoids; adrenal medulla (inner layer) secretes catecholamines

32
Q

corticosteroids

A

3 types:
1. glucocorticoids- stimulate fat and protein catabolism and helps regulate blood glucose levels (ex. hydrocortisone)
2. mineralocorticoids- promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion by kidneys (ex. aldosterone)
3. Sex steroids:
androgens and estrogens

33
Q

Addison disease

A

autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

34
Q

catecholamines

A

prepare the body for physical activity by raising blood pressure, increaseing circulation to the muscles, increase pulmonary blood flow, and stimulate gluconeogenesis; ex. epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

35
Q

DHEA

A

precursor to testosterone; produced in the adrenal cortex

36
Q

adrenogenital syndrome

A

hypersecretion of androgens from the adrenal gland

37
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex

38
Q

facies

A

facial expression and features characteristic of a specific disease

39
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive body and facial hair

40
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

adenoma of the adrenal medulla secreting excessive catecholamines

41
Q

Pancreas

A

mostly functions as a exocrine gland that secretes digestive juices into the duodenum; however, also has pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) which are cluster of endocrine cells grouped around blood vessels

42
Q

3 types of cells with in pancreatic islets:

A
  1. alpha- secrete glucagon in response to low blood glucose
  2. beta- secrete insulin in response to high blood glucose
  3. delta- secrete somatostatin which acts within the pancreas to inhibit the secretion of glucagon and insulin
43
Q

glucagon

A

secreted by alpha cells; functions: in the liver- stimulates gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and the release of glucose into the blood stream, in adipose tissue- stimulate fat catabolism and the release of free fatty acids

44
Q

insulin

A

secreted by beta cells; opposite of glucagon; functions: in muscle and fat cells- encourage absorption of glucose to store glycogen and fat, in liver- stimulate the conversion of glucose to glycogen and to inhibit the conversion of noncarbohydrates to glucose

45
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

46
Q

glycogenolysis

A

conversion of glycogen to glucose

47
Q

somatostatin

A

hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin

48
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus; syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia resulting rom an absolute or relative impairment of insulin secretion and/or insulin action.

49
Q

insulin resistance

A

decreased insulin effectiveness in stimulating glucose uptake by tissues and in restraining hepatic glucose production

50
Q

hyperosmolar

A

marked hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis

51
Q

ketone

A

chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

52
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

53
Q

paresthesia

A

an abnormal sensation; for example, tingling, burning, pricking

54
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

55
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

56
Q

glycosylated hemoglobin

A

Hb A1c

57
Q

microalbuminuria

A

presence of very small quantities of albumin in urine that cannot be detected by conventional urine testing

58
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

59
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

60
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

61
Q

extirpation

A

taking or cutting out solid matter within a body part without removing the entire body part; ex. blood clot or non-cancerous tumor

62
Q

removal

A

removing or taking out a device in or on a body part; ex. removal of pancreatic drain

63
Q

repair

A

restoring the body part to its normal structure; ex. thymoplasty

64
Q

transplantation

A

surgical procedure where the surgeon puts in a living body part from a person or animal into another person; could be all or part of a body part; ex. thymus gland transplant

65
Q

control

A

ex. “control” the bleeding

66
Q

antidiuretics

A

names: DDAVP, Desmopressin, Pitressin, Pressyn, Vasopressin

67
Q

Antithyroids

A

names: Lucol’s solution, Methimazole, Sodium iodine solution, Tapazole

68
Q

Corticosteroids

A

names: Cortisone, Depo-Medrol, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Solu-Medrol, Triamcinolone

69
Q

Growth hormone replacements

A

names: Humatrope, Norditropin, Somatropin

70
Q

Insulins

A

names: Humalog, Humulin R, Lantus, Novolin R, Novolog

71
Q

oral antidiabetics

A

Glipizide, Glucophage, Glocotrol, Metformin

72
Q

Thyroid supplements

A

Levo-T, Levothyroxine, Levoxyl, Synthroid, Triostate

Med Term (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions