Module 3 Flashcards
1
Q
7 Functions of the Skin
A
Protection, water resistance, temperature regulation, vitD, sensation, excretion and secretion, social functions
2
Q
biopsy
A
removing tissue form a living person for lab exam
3
Q
carcinoma
A
malignant and invasive epithelial tumor
4
Q
cutaneous
A
pertaining to the skin
5
Q
dermis
A
connective tissue layer of the skin beneath the epidermis
6
Q
epidermis
A
top layer of the skin
7
Q
lesion
A
pathological change or injury in a tissue
8
Q
pathology
A
medical specialty dealing with the structural and functional changes of a disease process or the cause, development, and structural changes in disease
9
Q
squamous cell
A
flat, scale-like epithelial cell
10
Q
basal
A
pertaining to the lower part of a structure (think base)
11
Q
decubitus ulcer
A
sore caused by lying down for long period of time (bed sore)
12
Q
malignant
A
having properties of being locally invasive and able to spread to distant parts of the body
13
Q
melanoma
A
malignant tumor formed from cells that produce the pigment melanin
14
Q
metastasize
A
spread of a disease from one part of the body to another
15
Q
mole
A
benign localized area of melanin-producing cells
16
Q
nevus
A
congenital of acquired lesion of the skin
17
Q
atopy/atopic
A
state of hypersensitivity to an allergen; allergic
18
Q
excoriate
A
to scratch
19
Q
excoriation
A
scratch mark
20
Q
ichthyosis
A
scaling and dryness of the skin
21
Q
pruritus
A
itching
22
Q
serous
A
thicker and less transparent than water
23
Q
vesicle
A
small sac containing liquid; ex. blister
24
Q
carbuncle
A
infection composed of many furuncles in a small area, often on the back of the neck
25
furuncle
an infected hair follicle that spreads into the tissues around the follicle
26
pediculosis
an infestation with lice
27
scabies
skin disease produced by mites
28
tinea
general term for a group of related skin infections caused by different fungi
29
tinea capitis
fungal infection of the scalp
30
tinea corporis
fungal infection of the body
31
tinea cruris
fungal infection of the groin
32
tineaversicolor
fungal infection of the trunk in which the skin loses pigmentation
33
verruca
wart caused by a virus
34
dermatomyositis
inflammation of the skin and muscles
35
systemic lupus erythematosus
inflammatory connective tissues disease affecting the whole body
36
androgen
hormone that promotes masculine characteristics
37
comedo
whitehead or blackhead
38
cyst
abnormal fluid-containing sac
39
dandruff
seborrheic scales from the scalp
40
papule
small, circumscribed elevation on the skin
41
pustule
small protuberance on the skin that contains pus
42
rupture
break or tear of any organ or body part
43
sebaceous glands
glands in the dermis that open into hair follicles and secrete sebum
44
sebum
waxy secretion fothe sebaceous glands
45
seborrhea
excessive amount of sebum
46
alopecia
partial or complete loss of hair, naturally or from medication
47
axilla
armpit
48
cortex
outer portion of and organ such as a bone
49
medulla
central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex
50
eumelanin
dark form of melanin
51
pheomelanin
lighter form of melanin
52
apocrine
sweat glands that open into the hair follicle
53
cerumen
waxy secretion oft he ceruminous glands of the external ear (earwax)
54
diaphoretic
pertaining to sweat or perspiration
55
eccrine
coiled sweat gland that occurs in skin all over the body
56
hypoxia
decrease below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases, or blood
57
matrix
substance that surrounds cells, is manufactures by the cells, and holds them together
58
merocrine
another name for eccrine
59
onychomycosis
condition of a fungus infection in a nail
60
paronychia
infection alongside the nail
61
1st degree burn
superficial; epidermis only; inflammation with redness pain and slight edema; heals within 3 to 5 days
62
2nd degree burn
partial-thickness; epidermis and dermis but leave some of the dermis intact; redness, blisters and more severe pain; healst with 2-3 weeks
63
3rd degree burn
full-thickness; epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissues which are often completely destroyed; healing takes a long time and involves using grafts
64
4th degree burns
destroy all layers of the skin and involve tendons, muscles, and sometimes bones
65
debridement
removal of injured or necrotic tissue
66
edema
excessive collection of fluid in cells and tissues
67
eschar
the burned, dead tissue lying on top of third-dgree burns
68
shock
sudden physical or mental collapse or circulatory collapse
69
Rule of Nines
way to divide the skins surface area into 6 regions, each one of which is a fraction or multiple of 9; head and neck=9%, each arm is 9%, each leg is 18%, anterior trunk=18%, posterior trunk=18%, genitalia are 1%
70
allograft
skin graft form another person or cadaver
71
autograft
graft from the person receiving it
72
xenograft
aka heterograft; graft from another species
73
abrasion
area of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off
74
clot
mass of fibrin (protein) and cells that is produced in a wound
75
granulation
new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing
76
keloid
raised, irregular, lumpy, shiny scar due to excess collagen fiber production during healing of a wound
77
laceration
tear of the skin
78
macrophage
large white blood cell that removes bacter, foreign particles, and dead cells
79
platelet
aka thrombocyte; cell fragment involved in clotting process
80
scar
fibrotic seam that forms when a wound heals
81
biopsy
Bx; uses punch biopsy, excision of a while lesion, or shaving of the lesion for microscopic examination to diagnose malignancies, fungal diseases, and immune disorders
82
PDT
Photodynamic therapy; multiple sessions of exposing the skin in acne to high-intensity blue light to greate a toxic environment in which bacteria in the sebaceous glands cannot live
83
actinic
pertaining to the sun
84
diascopy
examiniation of superficial skin lesions with pressure; glass on Frankie
85
fluoresce
emit a bright-colored light when irradiated with ultraviolet or violet-blue rays
86
keratosis
epidermal lesion of circumscribed overgrowth of the horny layer
87
malasma
patchy pigmentation of the skin
88
diffusion
process by which small particles move between tissues
89
keratolytic
causing separation or loosening of the horny later (stratum corneum) of the skin
90
3 types of lesions
1. Primary- flat or elevated (solid or fluid filled)
2. Secondary- depressed (loss of skin surface)
3. Vascular- blood vessel lesions that show through the skin
91
benign
non cancerous
92
malignant
cancerous
93
neoplasm
tissue growth that is abnormal
94
malignant neoplasm
aka cancer
95
TNM Staging
after cancer diagnosis, use TNM staging to "stage"
1-Tumor- What is the size and to what extent has the tumor invaded other tissue
2-Node-To what extent are the lymph nodes involved
3-Metastasis-Has the primary tumor moved to another part of the body
96
Tumor Grading: Grade I
Tumor cell well differentiated; close resemblance to tissue of origin, thus retaining some specialized functions
97
Tumor Grading: Grade II
Tumor cells moderate or poorly differentiated; less resemblance to tissue of origin, more variation in size and shape of tumor cells, increased mitoses
98
Tumor Grading: Grade III
Tumor cells poorly differentiated; increased abnormality in appearance, marked variation in shape and size of tumor, greatly increased mitoses
99
Tumor Grading: Grade IV
Very poorly differentiated; abnormal appearance to the extent that recognition of the tumor's tissue origin is difficult, extreme variation in size and shape of the tumor cells
100
BCC
Basal Cell Carcinoma; skin cancer; most common skin malignancy which is due to sunlight overexposure, can disfigure if ignored
101
SCC
Squamous Cell Carcinoma; caused by hardening of the epidermal cells, more aggressive than bcc, if untreated, it can spread to lymph nodes
102
in situ
confined to original site
103
invasive
spreads to surrounding tissue
104
Malignant Melanoma
begins as dark mole and changes with time, diagnosed by biopsy and histological exam; deadly cancer requires surgery to remove the lesion, uses ABCDE rules to rate
105
ABCDE Rules: A
Asymmetry: One half differs from the other
106
ABCDE Rules: B
Border: mole's edges are uneven, scalloped or notched
107
ABCDE Rules: C
Color: Various hues are visible
108
ABCDE Rules: D
Diameter: It's larger than a pencil eraser
109
ABCDE Rules: E
Evolving: Mole or spot changes in color, shape, and size
110
steat/o
fat
111
hidr/o
sweat
112
sudor/o
sweat
113
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
114
onych/o
nail
115
ungu/o
nail
116
pil/o
hair
117
trich/o
hair
118
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
119
squam/o
scale
120
xer/o
dry
121
an-
without
122
dia-
through, across
123
epi-
above, upon
124
-logist
specialist in the study of
125
-therapy
treatment
126
accessory organs of the skin
hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands
127
hyperhidrosis
excessive or profuse sweating- also called diaphoresis or sudoresis
128
hypodermis
aka subcutaneous layer; binds the dermis to underlying structure-stores fat, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates body temperature
129
Culture & Sensitivity
C&S; identification of microorganisms in a clinical specimen to determine type of medication to destroy the microorganism with
130
Frozen Section
FS; type of biopsy where an ultra thin slice of tissue is taken from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination to determine malignancy
131
Pyoderma
skin infection with formation of pus
132
abcess
localized collection of pus at the site of an infection
133
cellulitis
widespread acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous layer
134
onychomalacia
softening of the nails
135
Erythema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
136
fluctuance
tense area of the skin with a wave-like or body feeling upon palpation
137
subungual
pertaining to beneath the nail of a finger or toe
138
7 surgical approaches: Open
cuts through skin or mucous membrane and other body layers to expose procedure site; ex. abdominal hysterectomy
139
7 surgical approaches: percutaneous
entry to surgical site made by puncture or minor incision; surgeon uses non-visualization instrumentation to complete such as needles or catheters; ex. needle biopsy of the liver
140
7 surgical approaches: Percutaneous Endoscopic
puncture or minor incision; ex. laparoscopic cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gallbladder); uses visual instrument
141
7 surgical approaches: Via Natural or Artificial Opening
entry through a natural or artificial external opening (orifice); ex. Foley catheter placement (to drain bladder)
142
7 surgical approaches: Via Natural or Artificial Opening with Percutaneous Endoscopic Assistance
Entry through natural or artifical external opening AND entry to site is made by puncture or minor incision; ex. Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAHV) uses laparoscope as well as instrumentation via vaginal canal
143
7 surgical approaches: Via Natural or Artificial Opening Endoscopic
Natural or artificial external opening to reach and visualize the site of the procedure; ex. transurethral cystoscopy with removal of a bladder stone (uses scope)
144
7 surgical approaches: External
No entry; performed on the integument or mucous membrane; ex. closed reduction of a fracture (manipulatin the misplaced bone back into proper alignment and applying a cast)
145
replacement
ALWAYS involves a device that is put in or on to physcially take the place or funtion of all or part of a body part; ex. skin graft
146
decubitus ulcer
decub; pressure sores classified as a secondary leasion that extends to the dermis; 5 stages
147
antiseptics
treats infections in cutes, scratches, and surgical incisions; topical; isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide; treats bacterial infections
148
corticosteroids
decreases inflammation and itching (pruritus) to inflammatory response to tissue damage; topical or oral
149
keratolytics
helps slough off outer layer of skin; topical, oral, injected; for warts, corns, exzema, psoriasis
