Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

7 Functions of the Skin

A

Protection, water resistance, temperature regulation, vitD, sensation, excretion and secretion, social functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

biopsy

A

removing tissue form a living person for lab exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant and invasive epithelial tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cutaneous

A

pertaining to the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dermis

A

connective tissue layer of the skin beneath the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

epidermis

A

top layer of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lesion

A

pathological change or injury in a tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pathology

A

medical specialty dealing with the structural and functional changes of a disease process or the cause, development, and structural changes in disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

squamous cell

A

flat, scale-like epithelial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

basal

A

pertaining to the lower part of a structure (think base)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

sore caused by lying down for long period of time (bed sore)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

malignant

A

having properties of being locally invasive and able to spread to distant parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

melanoma

A

malignant tumor formed from cells that produce the pigment melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

metastasize

A

spread of a disease from one part of the body to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mole

A

benign localized area of melanin-producing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nevus

A

congenital of acquired lesion of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

atopy/atopic

A

state of hypersensitivity to an allergen; allergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

excoriate

A

to scratch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

excoriation

A

scratch mark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ichthyosis

A

scaling and dryness of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pruritus

A

itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

serous

A

thicker and less transparent than water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

vesicle

A

small sac containing liquid; ex. blister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

carbuncle

A

infection composed of many furuncles in a small area, often on the back of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

furuncle

A

an infected hair follicle that spreads into the tissues around the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pediculosis

A

an infestation with lice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

scabies

A

skin disease produced by mites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

tinea

A

general term for a group of related skin infections caused by different fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

tinea capitis

A

fungal infection of the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

tinea corporis

A

fungal infection of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

tinea cruris

A

fungal infection of the groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

tineaversicolor

A

fungal infection of the trunk in which the skin loses pigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

verruca

A

wart caused by a virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

dermatomyositis

A

inflammation of the skin and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

inflammatory connective tissues disease affecting the whole body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

androgen

A

hormone that promotes masculine characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

comedo

A

whitehead or blackhead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

cyst

A

abnormal fluid-containing sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

dandruff

A

seborrheic scales from the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

papule

A

small, circumscribed elevation on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

pustule

A

small protuberance on the skin that contains pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

rupture

A

break or tear of any organ or body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

sebaceous glands

A

glands in the dermis that open into hair follicles and secrete sebum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

sebum

A

waxy secretion fothe sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

seborrhea

A

excessive amount of sebum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete loss of hair, naturally or from medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

axilla

A

armpit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of and organ such as a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

medulla

A

central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

eumelanin

A

dark form of melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

pheomelanin

A

lighter form of melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

apocrine

A

sweat glands that open into the hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

cerumen

A

waxy secretion oft he ceruminous glands of the external ear (earwax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

diaphoretic

A

pertaining to sweat or perspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

eccrine

A

coiled sweat gland that occurs in skin all over the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

hypoxia

A

decrease below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases, or blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

matrix

A

substance that surrounds cells, is manufactures by the cells, and holds them together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

merocrine

A

another name for eccrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

onychomycosis

A

condition of a fungus infection in a nail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

paronychia

A

infection alongside the nail

61
Q

1st degree burn

A

superficial; epidermis only; inflammation with redness pain and slight edema; heals within 3 to 5 days

62
Q

2nd degree burn

A

partial-thickness; epidermis and dermis but leave some of the dermis intact; redness, blisters and more severe pain; healst with 2-3 weeks

63
Q

3rd degree burn

A

full-thickness; epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissues which are often completely destroyed; healing takes a long time and involves using grafts

64
Q

4th degree burns

A

destroy all layers of the skin and involve tendons, muscles, and sometimes bones

65
Q

debridement

A

removal of injured or necrotic tissue

66
Q

edema

A

excessive collection of fluid in cells and tissues

67
Q

eschar

A

the burned, dead tissue lying on top of third-dgree burns

68
Q

shock

A

sudden physical or mental collapse or circulatory collapse

69
Q

Rule of Nines

A

way to divide the skins surface area into 6 regions, each one of which is a fraction or multiple of 9; head and neck=9%, each arm is 9%, each leg is 18%, anterior trunk=18%, posterior trunk=18%, genitalia are 1%

70
Q

allograft

A

skin graft form another person or cadaver

71
Q

autograft

A

graft from the person receiving it

72
Q

xenograft

A

aka heterograft; graft from another species

73
Q

abrasion

A

area of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off

74
Q

clot

A

mass of fibrin (protein) and cells that is produced in a wound

75
Q

granulation

A

new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing

76
Q

keloid

A

raised, irregular, lumpy, shiny scar due to excess collagen fiber production during healing of a wound

77
Q

laceration

A

tear of the skin

78
Q

macrophage

A

large white blood cell that removes bacter, foreign particles, and dead cells

79
Q

platelet

A

aka thrombocyte; cell fragment involved in clotting process

80
Q

scar

A

fibrotic seam that forms when a wound heals

81
Q

biopsy

A

Bx; uses punch biopsy, excision of a while lesion, or shaving of the lesion for microscopic examination to diagnose malignancies, fungal diseases, and immune disorders

82
Q

PDT

A

Photodynamic therapy; multiple sessions of exposing the skin in acne to high-intensity blue light to greate a toxic environment in which bacteria in the sebaceous glands cannot live

83
Q

actinic

A

pertaining to the sun

84
Q

diascopy

A

examiniation of superficial skin lesions with pressure; glass on Frankie

85
Q

fluoresce

A

emit a bright-colored light when irradiated with ultraviolet or violet-blue rays

86
Q

keratosis

A

epidermal lesion of circumscribed overgrowth of the horny layer

87
Q

malasma

A

patchy pigmentation of the skin

88
Q

diffusion

A

process by which small particles move between tissues

89
Q

keratolytic

A

causing separation or loosening of the horny later (stratum corneum) of the skin

90
Q

3 types of lesions

A
  1. Primary- flat or elevated (solid or fluid filled)
  2. Secondary- depressed (loss of skin surface)
  3. Vascular- blood vessel lesions that show through the skin
91
Q

benign

A

non cancerous

92
Q

malignant

A

cancerous

93
Q

neoplasm

A

tissue growth that is abnormal

94
Q

malignant neoplasm

A

aka cancer

95
Q

TNM Staging

A

after cancer diagnosis, use TNM staging to “stage”

1-Tumor- What is the size and to what extent has the tumor invaded other tissue
2-Node-To what extent are the lymph nodes involved
3-Metastasis-Has the primary tumor moved to another part of the body

96
Q

Tumor Grading: Grade I

A

Tumor cell well differentiated; close resemblance to tissue of origin, thus retaining some specialized functions

97
Q

Tumor Grading: Grade II

A

Tumor cells moderate or poorly differentiated; less resemblance to tissue of origin, more variation in size and shape of tumor cells, increased mitoses

98
Q

Tumor Grading: Grade III

A

Tumor cells poorly differentiated; increased abnormality in appearance, marked variation in shape and size of tumor, greatly increased mitoses

99
Q

Tumor Grading: Grade IV

A

Very poorly differentiated; abnormal appearance to the extent that recognition of the tumor’s tissue origin is difficult, extreme variation in size and shape of the tumor cells

100
Q

BCC

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma; skin cancer; most common skin malignancy which is due to sunlight overexposure, can disfigure if ignored

101
Q

SCC

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma; caused by hardening of the epidermal cells, more aggressive than bcc, if untreated, it can spread to lymph nodes

102
Q

in situ

A

confined to original site

103
Q

invasive

A

spreads to surrounding tissue

104
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

begins as dark mole and changes with time, diagnosed by biopsy and histological exam; deadly cancer requires surgery to remove the lesion, uses ABCDE rules to rate

105
Q

ABCDE Rules: A

A

Asymmetry: One half differs from the other

106
Q

ABCDE Rules: B

A

Border: mole’s edges are uneven, scalloped or notched

107
Q

ABCDE Rules: C

A

Color: Various hues are visible

108
Q

ABCDE Rules: D

A

Diameter: It’s larger than a pencil eraser

109
Q

ABCDE Rules: E

A

Evolving: Mole or spot changes in color, shape, and size

110
Q

steat/o

A

fat

111
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

112
Q

sudor/o

A

sweat

113
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry, scaly

114
Q

onych/o

A

nail

115
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

116
Q

pil/o

A

hair

117
Q

trich/o

A

hair

118
Q

scler/o

A

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

119
Q

squam/o

A

scale

120
Q

xer/o

A

dry

121
Q

an-

A

without

122
Q

dia-

A

through, across

123
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

124
Q

-logist

A

specialist in the study of

125
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

126
Q

accessory organs of the skin

A

hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands

127
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

excessive or profuse sweating- also called diaphoresis or sudoresis

128
Q

hypodermis

A

aka subcutaneous layer; binds the dermis to underlying structure-stores fat, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates body temperature

129
Q

Culture & Sensitivity

A

C&S; identification of microorganisms in a clinical specimen to determine type of medication to destroy the microorganism with

130
Q

Frozen Section

A

FS; type of biopsy where an ultra thin slice of tissue is taken from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination to determine malignancy

131
Q

Pyoderma

A

skin infection with formation of pus

132
Q

abcess

A

localized collection of pus at the site of an infection

133
Q

cellulitis

A

widespread acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous layer

134
Q

onychomalacia

A

softening of the nails

135
Q

Erythema

A

redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

136
Q

fluctuance

A

tense area of the skin with a wave-like or body feeling upon palpation

137
Q

subungual

A

pertaining to beneath the nail of a finger or toe

138
Q

7 surgical approaches: Open

A

cuts through skin or mucous membrane and other body layers to expose procedure site; ex. abdominal hysterectomy

139
Q

7 surgical approaches: percutaneous

A

entry to surgical site made by puncture or minor incision; surgeon uses non-visualization instrumentation to complete such as needles or catheters; ex. needle biopsy of the liver

140
Q

7 surgical approaches: Percutaneous Endoscopic

A

puncture or minor incision; ex. laparoscopic cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gallbladder); uses visual instrument

141
Q

7 surgical approaches: Via Natural or Artificial Opening

A

entry through a natural or artificial external opening (orifice); ex. Foley catheter placement (to drain bladder)

142
Q

7 surgical approaches: Via Natural or Artificial Opening with Percutaneous Endoscopic Assistance

A

Entry through natural or artifical external opening AND entry to site is made by puncture or minor incision; ex. Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAHV) uses laparoscope as well as instrumentation via vaginal canal

143
Q

7 surgical approaches: Via Natural or Artificial Opening Endoscopic

A

Natural or artificial external opening to reach and visualize the site of the procedure; ex. transurethral cystoscopy with removal of a bladder stone (uses scope)

144
Q

7 surgical approaches: External

A

No entry; performed on the integument or mucous membrane; ex. closed reduction of a fracture (manipulatin the misplaced bone back into proper alignment and applying a cast)

145
Q

replacement

A

ALWAYS involves a device that is put in or on to physcially take the place or funtion of all or part of a body part; ex. skin graft

146
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

decub; pressure sores classified as a secondary leasion that extends to the dermis; 5 stages

147
Q

antiseptics

A

treats infections in cutes, scratches, and surgical incisions; topical; isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide; treats bacterial infections

148
Q

corticosteroids

A

decreases inflammation and itching (pruritus) to inflammatory response to tissue damage; topical or oral

149
Q

keratolytics

A

helps slough off outer layer of skin; topical, oral, injected; for warts, corns, exzema, psoriasis