Module 5 - Proteins Part 2

Question 1

Protein requirements depend on:

Answer 1

1. Age
2. Stage of life
3. Special condition or requirements
4. Protein quality

Question 2

What is nitrogen balance:

Answer 2

nitrogen excreted vs consumed

• Zero balance (equilibrium)
• Positive balance = in more than out. Need for growth, pregnancy.
• Negative balance = in less than out. When injuries, disease.

Question 3

Body’s response to protein depends on:

Answer 3

• Body state of health
• Other nutrients energy taken with protein
• Protein quality

Question 4

What is protein quality?

Answer 4

• Source of protein (AA composition): meat provides 9 essential AA, plant based incomplete essential AA = limitation in body’s ability to build new proteins
• Digestibility: depends on food source = animal (highly digested), plant (less digestible). Moist heat improves digestibility.

Question 5

What are complementary proteins?

Answer 5

combination of 2 or more plant-sources which result gives all the essential AA In sufficient amounts.

Question 6

What is the main protein deficiency?

Answer 6

• Kwashiorkor: not enough protein. Swollen ankles (edema)/abdomen (enlarged liver), scaly skin.

Question 7

What is marasmus?

Answer 7

Chronic calorie deficiency disease = not enough food. Muscle wasting, hair loss, wrinkled skin

Question 8

What is the poverty cycle?

Answer 8

• Family food shortages, poor living conditions, health care services
• Poor diet, disease development
• Malnutrition
• Disability, death

Question 9

What are the consequences of an excessive protein intake ?

Answer 9

• High heart disease and hypertension risk
• High kidney disease risk
• High cancer risk

Question 10

Protein for athletes:

Answer 10

• Protein need depend on activity: intensity, duration, type
• Require more protein for muscle: repair, building, maintenance
• Protein supplements: no need. Increase muscle/performance – exercise more.
• Amino acid supplements: food sources more absorbed but excess can limit absorption other AA. Natural health products in CAN, much is unknown safety/effectiveness.

Question 11

What are the types of vegetarianism?

Answer 11

• Partial vegetarian/flexitarian: includes more seafood, poultry, diary, eggs. NO MEAT
• Vegetarian: includes plant-based foods. NO animal derived.
• Pesco-vegetarian: include fish and seafood in diet
• Lacto-ovo vegetarian: includes diary and eggs, no flesh and seafood
• Lacto vegetarian: includes dairy, expcludes flesh, seafood and eggs
• Vegan/Strict vegetarian: plant-based foods, NO animal derived foods
• Fruitarian: includes only raw or dried fruit, seeds and nuts

Question 12

Is the amount of protein and iron recommended the same for vegetarians?

Answer 12

Protein yes. Iron no, need 1,8 times more

Question 13

The iron absorption is limited by what ?

Answer 13

by fiber, coffee, tea, milk soy intake.

Question 14

What is meatless mondays?

Answer 14

international movement to remove meat from diet on Monday.

Question 15

Is vegetarianism/vegan healthier?

Answer 15

Not necessarily