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nutr 207 > Module 11 part 4 > Flashcards

Module 11 part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

true/false

there is two kinds of human diseases

A

true,

infectious and degenerative

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2
Q

what are the differences of infectious and degenerative diseases?

A 
infectious = caused by bacterie, virus, parasites or microbes
degenerative = chroninc and irreversible, caused by lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol, lack of physical act
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3
Q

what are the 2 highest leading causes of death in canada ?

A

cancer and heart diseases

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4
Q

true/false

deficiencies or excesses of nutrients may impair the immune system

A

true

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5
Q

true/false

malnutrition worsens disease and disease worsens malnutrition

A

true

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6
Q

in the immune system what are the fonctions of B-cells and T-cells

A

B-cells -> produce antibodies and retain a memory of the invader
T-cells -> travel to invasion site and release cytokines

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7
Q

true/false

the immune system depends on nutrition (por nutrition = poor immune system)

A

true,

nutrition affects how healthy our cells are and how strong they are

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8
Q

true/false

immune response in the body requires nutrients

A

true, when sick our body needs more nutrients to help our immune system fights the infection so our nutrients needs increase

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9
Q

name the four effects of protein-energy undernutrition (PEU)

A

skin-> thinner, less connective tissue so less protection + skin sensivity reaction to antigens is delayed
digestivre tract -> antibody secretions and immune cell numbers are reduced
lymph tissues -> immune system organs are reduced in size
general response -> invader kill time is prolonged and immune response is impaired

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10
Q

what happens in the body when there is an immune system response ton infection or injury

A
  • blood supply to the site increases
  • vessels become permeable
  • phagocytes engulf microbes. release oxidative molecules to kill microbes and increase of inflammation during this process
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11
Q

name the five dietary risk factors and their respective risks

A
  • diets high in added sugar -> obesity
  • diets high in salty or pickled foods -> cancers and hypertension
  • diets high in saturated/trans fat -> cancer, hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, stroke
  • diets low in fruits, vegetables -> cancer, diabete type2, atherosclerosis
  • diets loew in vitamins -> cancer, hypertension, atherosclerosis
  • excessive alcohol intake
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12
Q

what are the three major factors that contribute to the pressure of an artery

A

pumping pressure from the heart/ the small diameter arteries and capillaries at the other end resist bloods flow/ the volume of fluid in the circulatory system (which could add pressure)

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13
Q

true/false

80 to 120 mm hg is considered to be a good normal pressure

A

true

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14
Q

is it possible to know if we suffer from high blood pressure?

A

yes, the symptoms are memory loss, impaired vision, kidney problems and heart attacks

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15
Q

name the 3 types of causes of hypertension

A
  • modifiable causes (cigarette, excess weight, stress, unhealthy diet)
  • fixed causes (genetics, ethnicity, age, male sex)
  • other diseases that can cause hypertension (sleep apnea, kidney disease, obesity, diabetes)
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16
Q

how can you treat hypertension ?

A
  • having a diet high in k+ (DASH diet)
  • reduce sodium intake
  • physical activity
  • weight control
  • stress management
  • medications
17
Q

what is a DASH diet ?

A
  • diet rich in vegetables
  • 30% of its cals come from nuts, fish, whole grains,low-fat dairy products
  • emphasizes vegetarian protein sources
  • less sugar
  • nutrient dense
  • increased potassium intake and reduced Na
18
Q

what is the difference between a DASH diet and an american diet ?

A
  • the DASH diet caontain more fibre, potassium, magnesium, calcium which leads to lower blood pressure
  • provides lesss red meats, sweet foods and beverages
  • can lower total cholesterol and LDL if the sodium intake is lowered
19
Q

what are the causes of atherosclerosis ?

A
  • high LDL
  • hypertension
  • cigarette smoking
  • elevated homcysteine levels in blood
  • viral/ bcaterial infections
20
Q

what is atherosclerosis ?

A

its the formation of plaques in arteries/clots which puts pressure in the heart because it needs to pump harder and this can lead to strokes or heart attacks

21
Q

what is the difference between and embolus and an embolism

A

embolus -> a clot that breaks loose

embolism -> a clot that becomes stuck

22
Q

what is the difference between thrombus and trombosis

A

thrombus -> stationary clot

thrombosis -> large clot that closes off a blood vessel

23
Q

true/false
ldl increases the risk of heart disease and
hdl decreaes the risk of heart disease

A

true

24
Q

what can you do to prevent CVD (cardiovascular diseases)

A
  • increase physical activity
  • lose weight only if needed
  • reduce exposure to tobacco smoke
  • eat healthy fats
  • eat more fresh foods (fruits and veggies) and lightly processed. foods
  • eat more plant proteins and fish
25
Q

true/false

having a drink or two a day raises HDL concentration thus reduces the risk of blood clots and heart attacks

A

true

26
Q

describe type 1 diabetes

A
  • autoimmune disorder -> immune cells attack and destroy the B-cells of the pancreas whihc produce insulin
  • 5-10% of all diabetes cases
  • must administer insulin by injections
27
Q

describe type 2 diabetes

A
  • insulin resistancce -> muscle and adipose cells cannot take up glucose from the blood as efficiently
  • hyperglycemia and initial hyperinsulinemia which later becomes insulin defficiency
  • inflammation which increases insulin defficiency
28
Q

how to manage diabetes

A
  • you should count your carbs, have the same amount daily and at the same time (have a strict routine) => helps keeping constant blood glucose levels
  • carbs quality => choose high fiber, minimally processed foods and use artificial sweeteners instead of sugar
29
Q

what is cancer ?

A

it is an uncontrolled replication of cells which lead to a malignant tumor

30
Q

name the know causes of cancer

A
  • environmental -> radiation of sun/ water and air pollution/smoking
  • obesity and physical inactivity
  • hormones -> excess fat, menopause
31
Q

true/false

20-50% of cancers are influenced by diet

A

true

32
Q

name 3 ways of preventing cancers

A
  • diets low in saturated/trans fats, rich in fruits and veggies
  • limit alcohol
  • quit smoking
  • physical acitivity
  • limit sun exposure
  • vaccination
  • regular check ups
33
Q

true/false

40% of food produced in canada is wasted each year

A

true

nutr 207 (20 decks)

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