Module 11 Aldulthood and later years part 3

Question 1

what are the 2 motivating goals to have a good nutrition in older life?

Answer 1

promote health and slow ageing

Question 2

what is life expectancy and what is the life expectancy in Canada? and it depends on what?

Answer 2

life expectancy is the average age.
In Canada the life expectancy is 83 years old for women and 80 for men. It depends on health-related behaviours and genetics

Question 3

what it means a life span, and what is the life span for a human?

Answer 3

It is the maximum of age that someone can have and it is estimated to be 130 years

Question 4

what are blue zones?

Answer 4

are concentrations of people who live the longest. They move naturally, they eat wisely, they have a group and they go outside

Question 5

what is the most common age in Quebec?

Answer 5

50-60

Question 6

what is a chronological age?

Answer 6

a person’s age in years based on his or her date of birth

Question 7

what is physiological age?

Answer 7

a person’s age as estimated from his or her body’s health and probably life expectancy

Question 8

what are the 6 factors that affect physiological age?

Answer 8

1. abstinence or moderance in alcohol
2. regular nutritious meals
3. weight control
4. adequate sleep
5. abstinence from smoking
6. regular physical activity

Question 9

what are some changes with age that it will arrive?

Answer 9

balding, graying hair, menopause, loss of fertility, loss of hearing, reduced taste and smell, etc

Question 10

what are some changes with age that you can probably prevent?

Answer 10

wrinkling due to the sun, mental confusion, elevated blood cholesterol, bone loss, loss of joint flexibility, digestive problems, etc

Question 11

true or false

immune system loses function with age

Answer 11

true

Question 12

what are some physical changes of aging that affect nutrition?

Answer 12

digestive tract, hormones, mouth, sensory organs and body composition

Question 13

what is atrophic gastritis?

Answer 13

stomach inflammation can cause pain and fear of choking

Question 14

what is dysphagia?

Answer 14

difficulty swallowing

Question 15

what can tooth loss cause?

Answer 15

difficult and painful chewing, dentures, limited food selection, less dietary variety, lower intakes of fiber and vitamins

Question 16

what is sarcopenia?

Answer 16

loss of muscle: bone loss and accumulation of fat

Question 17

what helps maintain muscle mass?

Answer 17

consuming sufficient protein and engaging in regular physical activity

Question 18

what are some healthy habits that can affect physiological age?

Answer 18

eating well-balanced meals, not smoking, not using alcohol, engaging in physical activity daily, sleeping regularly and adequately, relieving stress, etc.

Question 19

what is the most powerful predictor of mobility?

Answer 19

physical activities- improves basal metabolism, insulin sensitivity, appetite, intake, independence and breathing

Question 20

how the nutrition intake in the later years change?

Answer 20

after 50 years a reduction of 5% in E output per decade. Fewer calories, but nutrient requirements remain high

Question 21

what is osteoarthritis?

Answer 21

Fat related issues

• deterioration of cartilage in the joints
• associated with being overweight

Question 22

what is rheumatoid arthritis and what diet you should focus?

Answer 22

• immune system destroy bone and cartilage

- focus on a diet with low sat fat, high fruits, veg, whole grains and omega 3

Question 23

is energy restriction good?

Answer 23

10 to 20% may be linked to benefits

Question 24

Why are setting standards becoming difficult with age?

Answer 24

due to individual differences in physical condition, chronic disease and medications

Question 25

which micronutrients are important in later year

Answer 25

vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate, calcium, iron and zinc

Question 26

how many older adults use dietary supplements?

Answer 26

50% - recommended by many health care professionals

Question 27

How does the GI tract change with aging?

Answer 27

changes contribute to poor appetite, early satiety and malnutrition.
Constipation
hormone secretion
motility slowed

Question 28

what are some psychological changes with aging?

Answer 28

depression, economic changes, social changes

Question 29

aging + malnutrition can lead to…

Answer 29

decreased physical ability to function
malnutrition
diminished mental function
social withdraw
weight loss and sarcopenia

Question 30

what are the predictors of malnutrition (DETERMINE)

Answer 30

Disease
Eating poorly
Tooth loss or oral pain
Economic hardship
Reduced social contact
Multiple medications
Involuntary weight loss or gain
Need of assistance with self-care
Elderly person older than 80 years

Question 31

what are some problems regarding aging and vision?

Answer 31

cataracts : age-related clouding of the lenses of the eyes, leads to blindness if not surgically removed, risk factor - oxidative stress.

macular degeneration:deterioration of the macular region of the retina

Question 32

what foods can reduce cataracts?

Answer 32

antioxidants- vitamin C, E, Caratenoids from foods and not supplements

Question 33

what foods can reduce macular degeneration?

Answer 33

omega 3s, antioxidants, phytochemicals in fruits and veg

Question 34

what are some problems that can help regarding aging and brain?

Answer 34

dementia and Alzheimer’s disease : deterioration in areas of brain that coordinate memory and cognition

Question 35

what diet can delay neurodegenerative diseases?

Answer 35

mediterranean-DASH diet also omega 3 and antioxidants (vit C and E) have a positive association with Alzheimer’s disease