Module 11 Aldulthood and later years part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 motivating goals to have a good nutrition in older life?

A

promote health and slow ageing

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2
Q

what is life expectancy and what is the life expectancy in Canada? and it depends on what?

A

life expectancy is the average age.
In Canada the life expectancy is 83 years old for women and 80 for men. It depends on health-related behaviours and genetics

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3
Q

what it means a life span, and what is the life span for a human?

A

It is the maximum of age that someone can have and it is estimated to be 130 years

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4
Q

what are blue zones?

A

are concentrations of people who live the longest. They move naturally, they eat wisely, they have a group and they go outside

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5
Q

what is the most common age in Quebec?

A

50-60

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6
Q

what is a chronological age?

A

a person’s age in years based on his or her date of birth

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7
Q

what is physiological age?

A

a person’s age as estimated from his or her body’s health and probably life expectancy

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8
Q

what are the 6 factors that affect physiological age?

A
  1. abstinence or moderance in alcohol
  2. regular nutritious meals
  3. weight control
  4. adequate sleep
  5. abstinence from smoking
  6. regular physical activity
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9
Q

what are some changes with age that it will arrive?

A

balding, graying hair, menopause, loss of fertility, loss of hearing, reduced taste and smell, etc

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10
Q

what are some changes with age that you can probably prevent?

A

wrinkling due to the sun, mental confusion, elevated blood cholesterol, bone loss, loss of joint flexibility, digestive problems, etc

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11
Q

true or false

immune system loses function with age

A

true

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12
Q

what are some physical changes of aging that affect nutrition?

A

digestive tract, hormones, mouth, sensory organs and body composition

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13
Q

what is atrophic gastritis?

A

stomach inflammation can cause pain and fear of choking

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14
Q

what is dysphagia?

A

difficulty swallowing

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15
Q

what can tooth loss cause?

A

difficult and painful chewing, dentures, limited food selection, less dietary variety, lower intakes of fiber and vitamins

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16
Q

what is sarcopenia?

A

loss of muscle: bone loss and accumulation of fat

17
Q

what helps maintain muscle mass?

A

consuming sufficient protein and engaging in regular physical activity

18
Q

what are some healthy habits that can affect physiological age?

A

eating well-balanced meals, not smoking, not using alcohol, engaging in physical activity daily, sleeping regularly and adequately, relieving stress, etc.

19
Q

what is the most powerful predictor of mobility?

A

physical activities- improves basal metabolism, insulin sensitivity, appetite, intake, independence and breathing

20
Q

how the nutrition intake in the later years change?

A

after 50 years a reduction of 5% in E output per decade. Fewer calories, but nutrient requirements remain high

21
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A

Fat related issues

  • deterioration of cartilage in the joints
  • associated with being overweight
22
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis and what diet you should focus?

A
  • immune system destroy bone and cartilage

- focus on a diet with low sat fat, high fruits, veg, whole grains and omega 3

23
Q

is energy restriction good?

A

10 to 20% may be linked to benefits

24
Q

Why are setting standards becoming difficult with age?

A

due to individual differences in physical condition, chronic disease and medications

25
which micronutrients are important in later year
vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate, calcium, iron and zinc
26
how many older adults use dietary supplements?
50% - recommended by many health care professionals
27
How does the GI tract change with aging?
changes contribute to poor appetite, early satiety and malnutrition. Constipation hormone secretion motility slowed
28
what are some psychological changes with aging?
depression, economic changes, social changes
29
aging + malnutrition can lead to...
``` decreased physical ability to function malnutrition diminished mental function social withdraw weight loss and sarcopenia ```
30
what are the predictors of malnutrition (DETERMINE)
``` Disease Eating poorly Tooth loss or oral pain Economic hardship Reduced social contact Multiple medications Involuntary weight loss or gain Need of assistance with self-care Elderly person older than 80 years ```
31
what are some problems regarding aging and vision?
cataracts : age-related clouding of the lenses of the eyes, leads to blindness if not surgically removed, risk factor - oxidative stress. macular degeneration:deterioration of the macular region of the retina
32
what foods can reduce cataracts?
antioxidants- vitamin C, E, Caratenoids from foods and not supplements
33
what foods can reduce macular degeneration?
omega 3s, antioxidants, phytochemicals in fruits and veg
34
what are some problems that can help regarding aging and brain?
dementia and Alzheimer's disease : deterioration in areas of brain that coordinate memory and cognition
35
what diet can delay neurodegenerative diseases?
mediterranean-DASH diet also omega 3 and antioxidants (vit C and E) have a positive association with Alzheimer's disease