Module 1- DRI Flashcards
What is nutrient density?
measure of nutrient value of food (quantity, energy, nutrients). The most nutrients for the least food energy
How do we calculate the nutrient density?
% of nutrient RDA provided / % of energy provided
What are some examples of high-energy-dense foods?
cakes, butter, cookies, chocolates
Does energy density have empty calories?
yes
What are some examples of nutrient-rich foods?
vegetables, milk, yogurt, etc
what is nutrient profiling of foods?
science of ranking foods based on their nutrient content
what are the 9 nutrients to encourage and the 3 nutrients to limit?
encourage: protein, fiber, vitamin A,C,E, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium
limit: sat fat, added sugars, sodium
DRI committee has set recommended intakes for?
vitamins, minerals, carbs, fibre, lipid, protein, water and energy
What are the goals of the DRI committee?
Goal 1 : Setting recommended Intake values
- Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA): Based on solid experimental evidence and reliable observations
- Adequate Intake (AI) : Scientifically based, but requires some educated guesses
Goal 2: Facilitating Nutrition Research and Policy
- estimated average requirements (EAR): Nutrient requirements for given life stages/gender groups used by researches and nutrition policymakers
Goal 3: Establishing Safety Guidelines
- tolerable upper lntake levels (UL): Identifying potentially hazardous levels of nutrient intake used to set safe upper limit for food/water supply
Goal 4: Preventing chronic diseases
- acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR)
- estimated energy requirements (EER)
What is the acronym for the intake of an average (50%) population?
EAR
What is the acronym for the intake of 98% of the population?
RDA
DRI recommended intakes are associated with what?
with a low probability of deficiency for people of a life stage and gender group
what happens if a person is above the UL?
toxicity
what happens if a person is under the UL and above the RDA?
good intake
what happens if a person is between the RDA and EAR?
more difficult to access but chances are that it is inadequate
what happens if a person is below the EAR?
deficiency
What was done to stablish the RDA?
- balance study
a person is fed a controlled diet, the intake/extraction of a nutrient is measured. For each person it can determine the requirement or amount of nutrient that will prevent the development of specific deficiency signs
what are the specific indicators of nutrient adequacy?
- blood nutrient concentration
- normal growth
- reduction of certains chronic diseases
- others
Why they put the RDA?
because EAR is close to everyone’s minimum need. The RDA it is 98% of the population, so they will be covered but not too high to be excessive
what is AI
Not enough research for RDA - have records from large population to determine the average amount for health
Nutrient Recommendantions are for..?
healthy people
TRUE OR FALSE
values apply to average daily intakes
true - it assumes day to day variance
Why nutrients recommendantions are set high?
to ensure body nutrients needs during periods of inadequates intakes
What is EER - Estimated Energy Requirements?
Average dietary energy intake, predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy adult of certain age, gender, weight, height, and level of Physical Activity
Does EER have an UL?
No
What are the AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Rage) for the macronutrients?
Carbs: 45-65%
fat: 20-35%
protein: 10-35%
a diet with these proportion can provide adequate nutrients in a healthy balance and reduce risk of chronic diseases
what is daily value?
- another set of nutrient standars
- they are practical
- allow comparison
- based on a nutrient and energy recommendations for a 2000 cal diet
what are the recommendation for daily physical activity?
150 min of moderate to vigourous intensity aerobic + muscle and bone strengthening 2days/week
defiency or excess over times leads to what?
malnutrition - under or over
what are the symptoms of malnutriton?
diarrhea, skin rashes, fatigue, others
what informations do you need to create a “total picture” of a person?
- historical informations (health status, drug use, socioeconomic status, diet history)
- anthropometric measurements (height and weight)
- physical examinations (hair, skin, eyes, tongue, firgernails)
- laboratory tests
primary defiency caused by inadequate diet which assessment methods reveal the change?
diet history
second defiency caused by problem inside the body which assessment methods reveal the change?
health history
declining nutrient stores or abnormal functions inside the body which assessment methods reveal the change?
lab test
physical signs and symptoms which assessment methods reveal the change?
physical examination and anthropometric measures
what are the nutrition assessment of population
national nutrition surveys , national health goals, national trends
