Module 1- DRI

Question 1

What is nutrient density?

Answer 1

measure of nutrient value of food (quantity, energy, nutrients). The most nutrients for the least food energy

Question 2

How do we calculate the nutrient density?

Answer 2

% of nutrient RDA provided / % of energy provided

Question 3

What are some examples of high-energy-dense foods?

Answer 3

cakes, butter, cookies, chocolates

Question 4

Does energy density have empty calories?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

What are some examples of nutrient-rich foods?

Answer 5

vegetables, milk, yogurt, etc

Question 6

what is nutrient profiling of foods?

Answer 6

science of ranking foods based on their nutrient content

Question 7

what are the 9 nutrients to encourage and the 3 nutrients to limit?

Answer 7

encourage: protein, fiber, vitamin A,C,E, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium
limit: sat fat, added sugars, sodium

Question 8

DRI committee has set recommended intakes for?

Answer 8

vitamins, minerals, carbs, fibre, lipid, protein, water and energy

Question 9

What are the goals of the DRI committee?

Answer 9

Goal 1 : Setting recommended Intake values

• Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA): Based on solid experimental evidence and reliable observations
• Adequate Intake (AI) : Scientifically based, but requires some educated guesses

Goal 2: Facilitating Nutrition Research and Policy
- estimated average requirements (EAR): Nutrient requirements for given life stages/gender groups used by researches and nutrition policymakers

Goal 3: Establishing Safety Guidelines
- tolerable upper lntake levels (UL): Identifying potentially hazardous levels of nutrient intake used to set safe upper limit for food/water supply

Goal 4: Preventing chronic diseases

• acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR)
• estimated energy requirements (EER)

Question 10

What is the acronym for the intake of an average (50%) population?

Answer 10

EAR

Question 11

What is the acronym for the intake of 98% of the population?

Answer 11

RDA

Question 12

DRI recommended intakes are associated with what?

Answer 12

with a low probability of deficiency for people of a life stage and gender group

Question 13

what happens if a person is above the UL?

Answer 13

toxicity

Question 14

what happens if a person is under the UL and above the RDA?

Answer 14

good intake

Question 15

what happens if a person is between the RDA and EAR?

Answer 15

more difficult to access but chances are that it is inadequate

Question 16

what happens if a person is below the EAR?

Answer 16

deficiency

Question 17

What was done to stablish the RDA?

Answer 17

• balance study
  a person is fed a controlled diet, the intake/extraction of a nutrient is measured. For each person it can determine the requirement or amount of nutrient that will prevent the development of specific deficiency signs

Question 18

what are the specific indicators of nutrient adequacy?

Answer 18

• blood nutrient concentration
• normal growth
• reduction of certains chronic diseases
• others

Question 19

Why they put the RDA?

Answer 19

because EAR is close to everyone’s minimum need. The RDA it is 98% of the population, so they will be covered but not too high to be excessive

Question 20

what is AI

Answer 20

Not enough research for RDA - have records from large population to determine the average amount for health

Question 21

Nutrient Recommendantions are for..?

Answer 21

healthy people

Question 22

TRUE OR FALSE

values apply to average daily intakes

Answer 22

true - it assumes day to day variance

Question 23

Why nutrients recommendantions are set high?

Answer 23

to ensure body nutrients needs during periods of inadequates intakes

Question 24

What is EER - Estimated Energy Requirements?

Answer 24

Average dietary energy intake, predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy adult of certain age, gender, weight, height, and level of Physical Activity

Question 25

Does EER have an UL?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What are the AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Rage) for the macronutrients?

Answer 26

Carbs: 45-65%

fat: 20-35%
protein: 10-35%

a diet with these proportion can provide adequate nutrients in a healthy balance and reduce risk of chronic diseases

Question 27

what is daily value?

Answer 27

• another set of nutrient standars
• they are practical
• allow comparison
• based on a nutrient and energy recommendations for a 2000 cal diet

Question 28

what are the recommendation for daily physical activity?

Answer 28

150 min of moderate to vigourous intensity aerobic + muscle and bone strengthening 2days/week

Question 29

defiency or excess over times leads to what?

Answer 29

malnutrition - under or over

Question 30

what are the symptoms of malnutriton?

Answer 30

diarrhea, skin rashes, fatigue, others

Question 31

what informations do you need to create a “total picture” of a person?

Answer 31

• historical informations (health status, drug use, socioeconomic status, diet history)
• anthropometric measurements (height and weight)
• physical examinations (hair, skin, eyes, tongue, firgernails)
• laboratory tests

Question 32

primary defiency caused by inadequate diet which assessment methods reveal the change?

Answer 32

diet history

Question 33

second defiency caused by problem inside the body which assessment methods reveal the change?

Answer 33

health history

Question 34

declining nutrient stores or abnormal functions inside the body which assessment methods reveal the change?

Answer 34

lab test

Question 35

physical signs and symptoms which assessment methods reveal the change?

Answer 35

physical examination and anthropometric measures

Question 36

what are the nutrition assessment of population

Answer 36

national nutrition surveys , national health goals, national trends