Module 5 - Proteins Part 1 Flashcards
What is the structure of amino acids?
Carbon linked to amine (H2N) and acid group (COOH) = backbone + unique side chain (determines function).
What’s the definition of essential, non essential and conditionnally essential amino acids?
Essential: not made by body, obtained from food
Non-essential: made by body, recycling
Conditionally essential: special situations – stress, trauma, from food
What’s the bond that links the amino acids between them? What’s the reaction that creates it?
Peptide bond. Condensation
What are the steps of protein synthesis?
Transcription, translation, protein (product)
Some errors can happen through the protein synthesis. What is the disease that affects blood red cells ?
Sickle cell anemia
What does a protein need to become functional
- Cluster of the strands to a funtional unit
- Metal ion (mineral) or vitamin may join to activate it
Describe the primary, secondary, tertiary and quartenary structures
primary : strand of amino acid
secondary: coils. alphahelix and beta pleated sheets
tertiary: coil in other sections. Globular and fibrous structure
quartenary: several polypeptides together or joined by mineral or vitamin. Hemoglobin
Is the amino acid sequence inherited?
Yes. Everyone has an unique genetic code that makes unique amino acids and then unique proteins.
Do the nutrients influence the expression and the resulting proteins?
Yes.
What is protein denaturation? Some examples ?
It’s an irreversible change in protein structure and makes the protein non functional. Heat, acid/base, digestion, radiation.
The steps of protein digestion
- Mouth: NO
- Stomach: denatured by strong acid, unfolds (polypeptide) – digestive enzymes break peptide bonds.
- Small intestine: more breakdown, into single AA dipeptide, tripeptide.
What happens in the small intestine?
Absorption of amino acids. Separate sites for absorbing each type of AA - competition between them.
Where are the amino acids transported?
1- to the liver : used there for energy
2- released into blood stream: to make new proteins
Does the body store excess amino acids?
NOOOOOO. they are excreted
Are predigested amino acids supplements better than whole proteins?
No.
