Module 4.4

Question 1

Psychodynamic theory of personality

Answer 1

explains personality in terms of unconscious psychological processes (for example, wishes and fears of which we’re not fully aware), and contends that childhood experiences are crucial in shaping adult personality

Question 2

Ego defense mechanisms

Answer 2

in classical psychoanalytic theory, an unconscious reaction pattern employed by the ego to protect itself from the anxiety that arises from psychic conflict

Question 3

Denial

Answer 3

a defense mechanism in which unpleasant thoughts, feelings, wishes, or events are ignored or excluded from conscious awareness.

Question 4

Displacement

Answer 4

a defense mechanism in which the transfer of feelings or behavior from their original object to another person or thing

Question 5

Projection

Answer 5

a defense mechanism in which unpleasant or unacceptable impulses, stressors, ideas, affects, or responsibilities are attributed to others

Question 6

Rationalization

Answer 6

a defense mechanism in which apparently logical reasons are given to justify unacceptable behavior that is motivated by unconscious instinctual impulses

Question 7

Reaction formation

Answer 7

a defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening unconscious impulses are denied and are replaced in consciousness with their opposite

Question 8

Regression

Answer 8

a defense mechanism in which the person returns to a prior, lower state of cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

Question 9

Repression

Answer 9

defense mechanism that excludes painful experiences and unacceptable impulses from consciousness

Question 10

Sublimation

Answer 10

a defense mechanism in which unacceptable sexual or aggressive drives are unconsciously channeled into socially acceptable modes of expression and redirected into new, learned behaviors, which indirectly provide some satisfaction for the original drives

Question 11

Projective tests

Answer 11

any assessment procedure that consists of a series of relatively ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique, sometimes highly idiosyncratic, responses that reflect the personality, cognitive style, and other psychological characteristics of the respondent

Question 12

Humanistic psychology

Answer 12

personality focuses on unconditional regard and the self-actualizing tendency as primary motivating factors