Module 1.5

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

has varying levels of awareness of thoughts, feelings, behavior, and events in individuals’ internal and external worlds

Question 2

States of consciousness

Answer 2

2 states are sleep and wakefulness

Question 3

Circadian rhythm

Answer 3

the sleep/wake cycle in humans is about a 24 hour cycle; things like jet lag and shift work are disruptions to this cycle

Question 4

NREM sleep

Answer 4

occurs in Stages 1-3 and decreases in duration throughout the cycle

Question 5

Hypnagogic sensations

Answer 5

occur as one enters initial Stage 1 sleep; jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly

Question 6

REM sleep

Answer 6

paradoxical because it produces waves similar to wakefulness, but the body is at its most relaxed; stage where dreaming takes places

Question 7

Activation-synthesis (dream theory)

Answer 7

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

Question 8

Consolidation theory (dream theory)

Answer 8

dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories

Question 9

Purpose of sleep

Answer 9

useful for organizing and consolidating memories or restoring depleted resources used throughout a given day

Question 10

Insomnia

Answer 10

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Question 11

Narcolepsy

Answer 11

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

Question 12

REM sleep behavior disorder

Answer 12

sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep

Question 13

Sleep apnea

Answer 13

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 14

Somnambulism (sleep walking)

Answer 14

occurs during NREM stage 3; a sleep disorder characterized by persistent incidents of complex motor activity during slow-wave NREM sleep. These episodes typically occur during the first hours of sleep and involve getting out of bed and walking, although the individual may also perform more complicated tasks, such as eating, talking, or operating machinery. While in this state, the individual stares blankly, is essentially unresponsive, and can be awakened only with great difficulty; they do not remember the episode upon waking