Module 4: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what is the term used to assess injurt, rehabilitation and disease?

A

Range of Motion (RoM)

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2
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. cartiligous
  3. Synovial
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3
Q

what are the properties of fibrous joints?

A
  1. held together with collagen fibers
  2. no cavity
  3. little to no movement
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4
Q

what are the properties of cartilaginous joints?

A
  1. held together with cartilige
  2. little to slight movement
  3. no cavity
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5
Q

what are the properties of synovial joints?

A
  1. joint cavity present that is filled with synovial fluid
  2. has an articular capsule in the cavity
  3. wide range of movement
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6
Q

what are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

A
  1. synarthrotic (very little)
  2. amphiarthrotic (slight)
  3. diarthrotic (free)
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7
Q

which structure is synonymous with diarthrotic?

A

syonvial

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8
Q

what are the 3 main types of fibrous structure joints?

A
  1. syndemosis ligament (holds tibia and fibula together)
  2. suture (short, interlocking fibers of the skull)
  3. gomphosis (peg in socket of tooth in mandible)
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9
Q

qhat are the 2 main types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  1. synchondrosis ( the growth plates in long bones)
  2. symphsis ( pubic piece of cartilage)
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10
Q

what are the 6 main types of synovial joints?

A
  1. gliding/plane: non axial e.g. between vertebrae
  2. hinge: uniaxial e.g. elbow
  3. pivot: uniaxial e.g. C1 and C2 of spine (atlas and axis)
  4. ellipsoid/condylar: Biaxial e.g. metacarpophalangeal
  5. saddle: Biaxial pair of concave and convex area articulating e.g. carpomatacarpal joint (thumb)
  6. ball and socket: multiaxial (hip)
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11
Q

what functional classification is fibrous and cartilaginous joints (hint: 2)

A
  1. synarthrotic (no)
  2. ampiarthrotic (slight)
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12
Q

what are the different axis of joints?

A
  1. nonaxial: no movement, sliding bone
  2. monoaxial: 1 direction, ankle
  3. biaxial: 2 directions: thumb
  4. multiaxial: 3 directions: shoulder
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13
Q

what are the 3 main types od movement?

A
  1. gliding: intercarpal
  2. angular:
  3. rotation: shoulder
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14
Q

what are the 6 features of a synovial joint?

A
  1. articular cartilgae
  2. joint cavity
  3. articular capsule
  4. syonvial fluid and membrane
  5. ligaments
  6. nerves and blood vessels
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15
Q

what is joint accessory structure?

A

cushioning that help preserve the health of a joint

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16
Q

what areas of the joint can become dysfunctional?

A

1/ menisci
2. fat pads
3. tendons
4. bursae: fluid filled cavitities

17
Q

what makes a joint unstable?

A

movement

18
Q

what passive limitations are there on joint?

A
  1. shape of articulating surface
  2. menisci and disks
  3. ligaments and joint capsule
  4. muscle action/tendon tension (tone)
19
Q

what are the 3 main injuries of joints?

A
  1. sprain: ligament stretch or tear
  2. dislocation (luxation) and subluxation
  3. cartilage tear: compression and shear of of cartilage
20
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A
  1. chronic and degenerative
  2. happens as you age
  3. cartilage can’t regenerate as quickly as it’s being damaged
  4. can cause osteophytes (boney lumps)
21
Q

what is rheumatoid arthriris?

A
  1. autoimmune disease
  2. chromic and imflammatory of the joints
  3. can ossify/ankylosis (turn into bone)
  4. hereditary and smoking related