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BIOM1070 > Module 3: Nervous system cells and resting membrane potential > Flashcards

Module 3: Nervous system cells and resting membrane potential Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 components to resting membrane potential?

A
  1. neurons
  2. glia
  3. nerves
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2
Q

what is the function of a neuron cell body?

A

to integrate all information

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3
Q

about how many neurons are in the brain?

A

100 billion, they’re all connected

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4
Q

what is the function of a dendrite?

A
  1. to receive input from other cells
  2. connect to other cells
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5
Q

what is the function of the axon?

A

sends signals to the next neuron

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6
Q

what are some examples of neurons?

A
  1. multipolar: like most of body, has multiple poles: dendrites and axons.
  2. bipolar: found in eyes, has 2 poles: 1 axon and 1 dendrite
  3. unipolar: found in sensory organs like touch has 1 pole off body, then the axon and dendrite come off of that
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7
Q

what are nerves?

A

a bunch of axons bundled together in layers of connective tissue

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8
Q

do nerves go in 1 direction?

A

no, they carry efferent and afferent signals around the body

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9
Q

what is the name of the nerve if it’s from the brain?

A

cranial nerve

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10
Q

what is the name of the nerve if it’s from the spine?

A

spinal nerve

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11
Q

what are the 6 types of glial cells?

SEASOM

A
  1. Schwamm cells
  2. ependymal cells
  3. astrocyte
  4. satellite cell
  5. oligodendrocyte
  6. microglia
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12
Q

how many types of glial cells are in the PNS?

A

2

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13
Q

how many types of glial cells are in the CNS?

A

4

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14
Q

what are glial cells?

A

non electrical cells in the CNS and PNS, holding them together and maintaining the structure

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15
Q

what are the 4 glial cells in the CNS?

A
  1. astrocyte
  2. oligodendrocyte
  3. microglia
  4. ependymal cells
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16
Q

what are the 2 glial cells in the PNS?

A
  1. satellite cells
  2. Schwann cells
17
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A
  1. form the blood brain barrier by wrapping the blood vessels in foot processes and blocking off holes for infection to get into the brain
  2. regulate chemical levels around neurons: ions and neurotransmittors, cleaning up after AP.
  3. structural
18
Q

what do oligodendrocytes do?

A

myelinate axons (same as Schwann cell in PNS)

19
Q

what do microglia do?

A

act as an immune defence to the brain, as the astrocyte stops WBC getting into the brain, as well as everything else, the brain needs it’s own immunity defence

20
Q

what do ependymal cells do?

A
  1. line the ventricles holding the CSF and help move it around
  2. involved in the process of CSF production in the choroid plexus
21
Q

what does a satellite cell do?

A
  1. controls the levels of chemical around neurons: nutrients/gases/neutrotransmitter levels (like astrocyte)
  2. sits around the soma of a neuron
22
Q

what do Schwann cells do?

A

myelinate axons, like the oligodendrites in the CNS

23
Q

what is voltage?

A

a measurement of the difference in electrical potential between 2 points in space (V)

24
Q

where are membrane potentials found?

A

in all cells of the body

25
Q

how is a membrane potential caused?

A

by a difference of ions on either side of a membrane, which creates a voltage as the opposite ions are attracted to each other through the membrane, creating a voltage

26
Q

where do neurons get their energy from?

A

membrane potential

27
Q

is membrane potential a general or local charge?

A

local

28
Q

does the membrane potential change?

A

yes, it depends how many ions are gathered at the wall, depends how strong the charge will be

29
Q

what is the resting membrane potential of neurons?

A

-70mV

30
Q

why is the resting membrane potential of neurons -70mV?

A
  1. difference in ionic composition: more Na+,K+, Cl- and -ve proteins on either side of the ECF and ICF end up at -70mV
  2. difference in membrane permeability to ions: lots of K+ leakage channels, a few Na+ leakage channels allow for passive transport down the gradient, ending in -70mV
31
Q

after an action potential, how does a neuron get back to the resting membrane potential of -70mV?

A

through the use of the Na+K+ATPase pump pushing Na+and K+ up their chemical gradient to equalise the composition between the ECF and ICF again
3Na+ out, 2K+in

32
Q

what does excitable mean in regards to neurons and muscles?

A

there can be a rapid change in response to stimuli, which triggers electrical responses. This relys on volted gated channels

BIOM1070 (23 decks)

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