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BIOM1070 > Module 3: The Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Module 3: The Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is glucose stored?

A

Liver

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2
Q

which nervous system does the ANS belong in?

A

PNS

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3
Q

what does the ANS control?

A
  1. visceral motor nerve fibers
    e.g. smooth muscle, organs and glands
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4
Q

what are the 2 branches of the ANS?

A
  1. sympathetic
  2. parasympathetic
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5
Q

what is the purpose of the ANS?

A

to keep the body functioning in a healthy range (homeostasis)

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6
Q

what is the 5 step process of the ANS?

A
  1. stimulus: hot day
  2. receptor: detects heat
  3. input: sends to brain
  4. output: brain increases sweatign to cool body
  5. response: sweating cools body, back to homeostasis
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7
Q

what is the sympathetic division in charge of?

A

fight or flight: mobilises body to action

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8
Q

what is the sympathetic division activated by?

A

excercise, excitement, anxiety, fear, embarrassment, etc.

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9
Q

what as the effects of the sympathetic division being activated?

A

adrenaline release, heart rate increase, dry mouth, cold sweats, dialated pupils

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10
Q

how does the sympathetic division effect your body during excercise?

A

diverts blood away from gut and kidneys to skeleteal muscles an heart, dialates branchioles for more breathing, liver releases glucose for energy

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11
Q

What is the parasympathetic division in charge of?

A

keeps body energy low as possible

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12
Q

what is the effect of the parasympathetic division being activated?

A

urination, defecation, digestion, pupil constriction, reduced heart rate, reduced respiratory rate, glucose stored

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13
Q

what activates the parasympathetic division?

A

pleasure and relaxation

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14
Q

what is the anatomy of the neurons for the ANS?

A

2 neurons, pre and post ganglionic.
Preganglionic fiber is in the CNS and synapses with the post ganglionic fiber in the PNS
postganglionic axon travels to effector organ

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15
Q

what is the exception to the rule for 2 neurons in the ANS?

A

when the sympathetic division is innervating the adrenal medulla (gland on top of kidney) only 1 neuron and causes a release of adrenaline or noradrenaline

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16
Q

what are the 2 main neurotransmitters in the ANS?

A
  1. acetylecholine (ACh)
  2. noradrenaline/norepinephrine(US) (NA/NE)
17
Q

which neurons release acetylecholine?

A
  1. all preganglionic neurons for both sympathetic and parasympathetic
  2. in the postgangionlinc neurons for the postganglionic only (except sweat glands)
18
Q

what is the purpose of adrenaline and noradrenaline?

A

a hormone that produces a slower response to fight or flight responses.

19
Q

which 2 receptors does acetlycholine bind to?

A
  1. nicotinic
  2. muscarinic
20
Q

what does niotinic bind to?

A

ligand gated ion channels

21
Q

why are they called nicotonic?

A

first thing that was found that they bind to: nicotine

22
Q

are nicotinic receptors excitatory or inhibitory? what is the effect?

A
  1. excitatory
  2. cause Na+ channels to open and cause depolarisiation
23
Q

where are nicotinic receptors found?

A
  1. all postganaglionic neurons
  2. adrenal medulla
  3. skeletal cells of somatic nervous system
24
Q

are muscarinic recptors excitatory or inhibitory?

A

can be either, depends on the g-protein it couples to

25
Q

where are muscarinic receptors found?

A

on organs in the parasympathetic and postganglionic neurons
also in sweat gland

26
Q

what are the 2 classes of adrenergic receptors in noradrenaline nad adrenaline?

A

Alpha 1, Alph 2
Beta 1, Beta 2 and Beta 3

27
Q

what are adrenergic receptors?

A

G protein coupled receptors

28
Q

what is the effect of the adrenergic receptors?

A

depending on the receptor and cell type depends on the reaction e.g. noradrenaline binds of cardiac beta, which increases heart rate. adrenaline bind to bronchial beta 2 and dialates bronchi

29
Q

which nervous system can we give drugs to make an effect on the body?

A

The ANS

30
Q

do organs have 1 or 2 innervations from ANS?

A

2

31
Q

what is tone in ANS?

A

when the parasympathetic and sympathetic are firing at the same time, to get control of a system

32
Q

how does tone in the ANS affect the body?

A

it works precisely with visceral activity, normally 1 division dominating the other

33
Q

what does it mean when the sympathetic division is dominant in the ANS?

A

it means you’re in the fight or flight state

34
Q

which system in the ANS is faster?

A

Parasympathetic because it turns off first so the sympathetic division can start working

35
Q

where is the ANS controlled?

A

bottom of the brain: hypothalamus and brain stem

36
Q

what happens if there is brain damage in the hypothalamus and brain stem?

A

death, because your ANS won’t be working properly

37
Q

does the spinal cord have any interation with the ANS?

A

Yes, urination and defection doesn’t go all the way to the brain

38
Q

where are emotional responses activated?

A

Limbic system

BIOM1070 (23 decks)

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