Module 2 Organisations Of The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 different levels of the human body?

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecules
  3. Organelles
  4. Cellular level
  5. Tissue level
  6. Organ level
  7. Organ system level
  8. Organism level
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2
Q

What defines a tissue?

A

A group of similar cells ans extra cellular products that perform a common function
E.g. smooth muscle tissue

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3
Q

What is the name for the study of tissues?

A

Histology

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4
Q

What are the 4 major tissue types and their functions?

A
  1. Epithelial: covers body surfaces, lines cavities ans forms glands
  2. Nervous: receives, transmits ans integrates information to control body activity
  3. Muscle: movement
  4. Connective: supports other tissues
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5
Q

What can the ECM contain?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Salts
  3. H²O
  4. Dissolved macromolecules
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6
Q

What does ECM stand for?

A

Extracellular matrix

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7
Q

Where is the ECM formed?

A

Outside the cells of a specific tissue

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8
Q

What are the 7 features of the ECM?
Hint: FELPIFF

A
  1. Fibronectin
  2. Elastic fibers
  3. Laminin
  4. Proteoglycan
  5. Integrin
  6. Fibril associated collagen
  7. Fibrillation collagen
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9
Q

Give an example of the ECM responding to a stressor

A

When injured the ECM will create more collagen to make scar tissue

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10
Q

What has more ECM, connective tissue or muscle tissue?

A

Connective tissue.
Muscle tissue has very little and is held together with connective tissue

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11
Q

What is is called when there’s a difference in sides of tissues?

A

Polar

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12
Q

What is the job of the cilia and where are they found?

A

Found in the respiratory tract and capture pathogen and dirt

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13
Q

Where are microvili found and what is their function?

A

Gastrointestinal tract and increase surface area to increase nutrient absorption

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14
Q

What does avascular mean?

A

No blood supply

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15
Q

How is the epithelial attached to the connective tissue?

A

By proteins, this aids in protection

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16
Q

What are the 5 key characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Cylindrical or columnar in shape
  2. Have Cillia and microvilli
  3. Are anchored by proteins to connective tissue
  4. Avascular
  5. fast regeneration
17
Q

What is the name of the cell body in a nerve cell?

A

Soma

18
Q

What is the longest nerve in the body?

A

The sciatic nerve

19
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Smooth: digestive tract
    2.cardiac: heart
  2. Skeletal: holds bones
20
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

A pod in muscle tissue filled with contractile proteins like actin and myecin

21
Q

What are the 2 features of skeletal tissue?

A

Muscle tissue and connective tissue combined

22
Q

What are the 3 featuresof the sarcomere?

A
  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
  3. Z-line
23
Q

What is the 4 purposes of connective tissue?

A
  1. To connect everything
  2. Engulf foreign particles (macrophage cells)
  3. Secrete fiber proteins
  4. Hold organs in place
24
Q

What are the 4 bone connective tissues and functions?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor: stem cells, replaces cells
  2. Osteoblast: lays calcium heavy matrix
  3. Osteocyte: points out sites of repair
  4. Osteoclast: Lays acidic matrix to dissolve calcium matrix to enable correct healing
25
Q

Which bone cells can turn into each other?

A

Osteoprogenitor can turn into an osteoblast.
Osteoblast can turn into osteocyte

26
Q

Where do the bone cells live?

A

In the osteons

27
Q

what are the 11 organ systems?
Hint DINER CRIMES

A
  1. Digestive
  2. Integumentary (skin)
  3. Nervous
  4. Excretory
  5. Respiratory
  6. Circulatory
  7. Reproductive
  8. Immune & Lymphatic
  9. Muscular
  10. Endocrine
  11. Skeletal
28
Q

what is the function and components of the Integumentory system?

A

C: skin, hair, claws, skin glands
F: protection against mechanical injury, infection, dehydration and thermoregulation

29
Q

what is the function and components of the skeletal system?

A

C:skeleton: bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage
F:body support, protect internal organs, movement

30
Q

what is the function and components of the muscular system?

A

C: skeletal muscles
F: locomotion and other movement

31
Q

what is the function and components of the digestive system?

A

C: mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, anus
F: food processing: ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

32
Q

what is the function and components of the circulatory system?

A

C: heart blood vessels, blood
F:internal distribution of materials

33
Q

what is the function and components of the respiratory system?

A

C: lungs, tracea, other breathing tubes
F: gas exchange: uptake of oxygen and disposal of CO2

34
Q

what is the function and components of the immune and lymphatic system?

A

C: bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymph vessels
F: body defence: fighting infections and cancer

35
Q

what is the function and components of the excretory system?

A

C: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
F: disposal of metabolic waste; regulation of osmotic balance of blood

36
Q

what is the function and components of the endocrine system?

A

C:pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, other hormone-secreting glands

37
Q

what is the function and components of the reproductive system?

A

C:ovaries, testes and associated organs
F: reproduction

38
Q

what is the function and components of the nervous system?

A

C: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs
F: co-ordination of body activities; detections of stimuli and formation of responses to them