Module 2 Organisations Of The Human Body Flashcards
What are the 8 different levels of the human body?
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Organelles
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- Organ system level
- Organism level
What defines a tissue?
A group of similar cells ans extra cellular products that perform a common function
E.g. smooth muscle tissue
What is the name for the study of tissues?
Histology
What are the 4 major tissue types and their functions?
- Epithelial: covers body surfaces, lines cavities ans forms glands
- Nervous: receives, transmits ans integrates information to control body activity
- Muscle: movement
- Connective: supports other tissues
What can the ECM contain?
- Proteins
- Salts
- H²O
- Dissolved macromolecules
What does ECM stand for?
Extracellular matrix
Where is the ECM formed?
Outside the cells of a specific tissue
What are the 7 features of the ECM?
Hint: FELPIFF
- Fibronectin
- Elastic fibers
- Laminin
- Proteoglycan
- Integrin
- Fibril associated collagen
- Fibrillation collagen
Give an example of the ECM responding to a stressor
When injured the ECM will create more collagen to make scar tissue
What has more ECM, connective tissue or muscle tissue?
Connective tissue.
Muscle tissue has very little and is held together with connective tissue
What is is called when there’s a difference in sides of tissues?
Polar
What is the job of the cilia and where are they found?
Found in the respiratory tract and capture pathogen and dirt
Where are microvili found and what is their function?
Gastrointestinal tract and increase surface area to increase nutrient absorption
What does avascular mean?
No blood supply
How is the epithelial attached to the connective tissue?
By proteins, this aids in protection
What are the 5 key characteristics of epithelial tissue?
- Cylindrical or columnar in shape
- Have Cillia and microvilli
- Are anchored by proteins to connective tissue
- Avascular
- fast regeneration
What is the name of the cell body in a nerve cell?
Soma
What is the longest nerve in the body?
The sciatic nerve
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
- Smooth: digestive tract
2.cardiac: heart - Skeletal: holds bones
What is a sarcomere?
A pod in muscle tissue filled with contractile proteins like actin and myecin
What are the 2 features of skeletal tissue?
Muscle tissue and connective tissue combined
What are the 3 featuresof the sarcomere?
- Actin
- Myosin
- Z-line
What is the 4 purposes of connective tissue?
- To connect everything
- Engulf foreign particles (macrophage cells)
- Secrete fiber proteins
- Hold organs in place
What are the 4 bone connective tissues and functions?
- Osteoprogenitor: stem cells, replaces cells
- Osteoblast: lays calcium heavy matrix
- Osteocyte: points out sites of repair
- Osteoclast: Lays acidic matrix to dissolve calcium matrix to enable correct healing
Which bone cells can turn into each other?
Osteoprogenitor can turn into an osteoblast.
Osteoblast can turn into osteocyte
Where do the bone cells live?
In the osteons
what are the 11 organ systems?
Hint DINER CRIMES
- Digestive
- Integumentary (skin)
- Nervous
- Excretory
- Respiratory
- Circulatory
- Reproductive
- Immune & Lymphatic
- Muscular
- Endocrine
- Skeletal
what is the function and components of the Integumentory system?
C: skin, hair, claws, skin glands
F: protection against mechanical injury, infection, dehydration and thermoregulation
what is the function and components of the skeletal system?
C:skeleton: bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage
F:body support, protect internal organs, movement
what is the function and components of the muscular system?
C: skeletal muscles
F: locomotion and other movement
what is the function and components of the digestive system?
C: mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, anus
F: food processing: ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
what is the function and components of the circulatory system?
C: heart blood vessels, blood
F:internal distribution of materials
what is the function and components of the respiratory system?
C: lungs, tracea, other breathing tubes
F: gas exchange: uptake of oxygen and disposal of CO2
what is the function and components of the immune and lymphatic system?
C: bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymph vessels
F: body defence: fighting infections and cancer
what is the function and components of the excretory system?
C: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
F: disposal of metabolic waste; regulation of osmotic balance of blood
what is the function and components of the endocrine system?
C:pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, other hormone-secreting glands
what is the function and components of the reproductive system?
C:ovaries, testes and associated organs
F: reproduction
what is the function and components of the nervous system?
C: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs
F: co-ordination of body activities; detections of stimuli and formation of responses to them
