Module 2 Organisations Of The Human Body

Question 1

What are the 8 different levels of the human body?

Answer 1

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Organelles
4. Cellular level
5. Tissue level
6. Organ level
7. Organ system level
8. Organism level

Question 2

What defines a tissue?

Answer 2

A group of similar cells ans extra cellular products that perform a common function
E.g. smooth muscle tissue

Question 3

What is the name for the study of tissues?

Answer 3

Histology

Question 4

What are the 4 major tissue types and their functions?

Answer 4

1. Epithelial: covers body surfaces, lines cavities ans forms glands
2. Nervous: receives, transmits ans integrates information to control body activity
3. Muscle: movement
4. Connective: supports other tissues

Question 5

What can the ECM contain?

Answer 5

1. Proteins
2. Salts
3. H²O
4. Dissolved macromolecules

Question 6

What does ECM stand for?

Answer 6

Extracellular matrix

Question 7

Where is the ECM formed?

Answer 7

Outside the cells of a specific tissue

Question 8

What are the 7 features of the ECM?
Hint: FELPIFF

Answer 8

1. Fibronectin
2. Elastic fibers
3. Laminin
4. Proteoglycan
5. Integrin
6. Fibril associated collagen
7. Fibrillation collagen

Question 9

Give an example of the ECM responding to a stressor

Answer 9

When injured the ECM will create more collagen to make scar tissue

Question 10

What has more ECM, connective tissue or muscle tissue?

Answer 10

Connective tissue.
Muscle tissue has very little and is held together with connective tissue

Question 11

What is is called when there’s a difference in sides of tissues?

Answer 11

Polar

Question 12

What is the job of the cilia and where are they found?

Answer 12

Found in the respiratory tract and capture pathogen and dirt

Question 13

Where are microvili found and what is their function?

Answer 13

Gastrointestinal tract and increase surface area to increase nutrient absorption

Question 14

What does avascular mean?

Answer 14

No blood supply

Question 15

How is the epithelial attached to the connective tissue?

Answer 15

By proteins, this aids in protection

Question 16

What are the 5 key characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 16

1. Cylindrical or columnar in shape
2. Have Cillia and microvilli
3. Are anchored by proteins to connective tissue
4. Avascular
5. fast regeneration

Question 17

What is the name of the cell body in a nerve cell?

Answer 17

Soma

Question 18

What is the longest nerve in the body?

Answer 18

The sciatic nerve

Question 19

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 19

1. Smooth: digestive tract
   2.cardiac: heart
2. Skeletal: holds bones

Question 20

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 20

A pod in muscle tissue filled with contractile proteins like actin and myecin

Question 21

What are the 2 features of skeletal tissue?

Answer 21

Muscle tissue and connective tissue combined

Question 22

What are the 3 featuresof the sarcomere?

Answer 22

1. Actin
2. Myosin
3. Z-line

Question 23

What is the 4 purposes of connective tissue?

Answer 23

1. To connect everything
2. Engulf foreign particles (macrophage cells)
3. Secrete fiber proteins
4. Hold organs in place

Question 24

What are the 4 bone connective tissues and functions?

Answer 24

1. Osteoprogenitor: stem cells, replaces cells
2. Osteoblast: lays calcium heavy matrix
3. Osteocyte: points out sites of repair
4. Osteoclast: Lays acidic matrix to dissolve calcium matrix to enable correct healing

Question 25

Which bone cells can turn into each other?

Answer 25

Osteoprogenitor can turn into an osteoblast. Osteoblast can turn into osteocyte

Question 26

Where do the bone cells live?

Answer 26

In the osteons

Question 27

what are the 11 organ systems? Hint DINER CRIMES

Answer 27

1. Digestive 2. Integumentary (skin) 3. Nervous 4. Excretory 5. Respiratory 6. Circulatory 7. Reproductive 8. Immune & Lymphatic 9. Muscular 10. Endocrine 11. Skeletal

Question 28

what is the function and components of the Integumentory system?

Answer 28

C: skin, hair, claws, skin glands F: protection against mechanical injury, infection, dehydration and thermoregulation

Question 29

what is the function and components of the skeletal system?

Answer 29

C:skeleton: bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage F:body support, protect internal organs, movement

Question 30

what is the function and components of the muscular system?

Answer 30

C: skeletal muscles F: locomotion and other movement

Question 31

what is the function and components of the digestive system?

Answer 31

C: mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, anus F: food processing: ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Question 32

what is the function and components of the circulatory system?

Answer 32

C: heart blood vessels, blood F:internal distribution of materials

Question 33

what is the function and components of the respiratory system?

Answer 33

C: lungs, tracea, other breathing tubes F: gas exchange: uptake of oxygen and disposal of CO2

Question 34

what is the function and components of the immune and lymphatic system?

Answer 34

C: bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymph vessels F: body defence: fighting infections and cancer

Question 35

what is the function and components of the excretory system?

Answer 35

C: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra F: disposal of metabolic waste; regulation of osmotic balance of blood

Question 36

what is the function and components of the endocrine system?

Answer 36

C:pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, other hormone-secreting glands

Question 37

what is the function and components of the reproductive system?

Answer 37

C:ovaries, testes and associated organs F: reproduction

Question 38

what is the function and components of the nervous system?

Answer 38

C: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs F: co-ordination of body activities; detections of stimuli and formation of responses to them