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HJ - PMBOK 7th Edition > Models - Stakeholders > Flashcards

Models - Stakeholders Flashcards

1
Q

What does salience mean?

A

prominent, noticeable, or perceived as important

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2
Q

Ronald Kitchell, Bradley Agle, and Donna Wood introduced what model?

A

the salience model of stakeholder classification

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the salience model?

A

Helps to identify the prominence of stakeholders by classifying them. While POWER is a crucial factor in stakeholder salience, the legitimacy and urgency also play a part. There may be stakeholders who do not have power, but still matter to the organization and the project.

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4
Q

When is the salience model used?

A

For projects that have a large number of stakeholders and/or that have complex level of stakeholders. The salience model is used during stakeholder analysis.

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5
Q

In the salience model, stakeholder identification is based on what three variables/attributes?

A
  1. POWER to influence
  2. LEGITIMACY of the stakeholders relationship with the project
  3. URGENCY of the stakeholders engagement
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6
Q

Urgency is based on what 2 attributes?

A
  1. time sensitivity - when the stakeholder’s need is time sensitive.
  2. criticality - when the need is critical / important to the stakeholder
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7
Q

When is the salience model applied?

A

large and complex projects

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8
Q

Power + Legitimacy = ?

A

Authority

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9
Q

By adding urgency to the model the stakeholders relationship mover from being …… to ……?

A

static to dynamic (3 Dimensional)

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10
Q

What are the 8 (9) different types of stakeholder represented in the salience model?

A

dangerous
demanding
definitive
dependent
discretionary
dominant
dormant
expectant

Salience Model of Stakeholder Classification
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11
Q

Those who possess on one of the three main attributes of power, legitimacy or urgency are known as?

A

Latent Stakeholders
Not likely to give much attention or acknowledgement to the project. Usually have a passive stance.
3 types (dormant, discretionary, demanding)

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12
Q

Stakeholders who only possess power but have no legitimac or urgency are known as?

A

Dormant stakeholders (latent)
Monitor
Do not require active engagement but need to be recognized

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13
Q

Stakeholders who are legitimate, but have no power, and interests are not urgent are known as?

A

Discretionary Stakeholders (latent)
Monitor
Likely no attention needed

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14
Q

Stakeholders who have urgent demands, but no power or legitimacy are known as?

A

Demanding Stakeholders (latent)
Monitor
Unlikely to command attention without power and legitimacy, they create “noise” but are not dangerous

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15
Q

Stakeholders who possess any 2 of the 3 attributes are known as?

A

Expectant Stakeholders
Usually have an active stnace and expect something - require active engagement
3 types (dominant, dependent, dangerous)

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16
Q

Dominant, dependent and dangerous are three types of what type of stakeholder?

A

Expectant Stakeholders

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17
Q

Stakeholders that possess both power and legitimacy, but no urgency are known as?

A

Dominant Stakeholders (expectant)
Keep Satisfied
These are stakeholders that matter and need active engagement and strategy to manage.
Ex: government

18
Q

Stakeholders that lack power but have urgent and legitimate stakes in the project are known as?

A

Dependent Stakeholders (expectant)
Keep Informed
They depend on other powerful stakheolders to uphold their interests. Although they lack power they can form coalitions with other groups to achieve power.
Ex: non-profit NGOs

19
Q

Stakeholders who posses power and urgency but do not possess ligitimacy to thier claims are considered …..?

A

Dangerous Stakeholders (expectant)
Keep Informed
The can be coercive or even violent. They need to be recognized and risk mitigation plans devised.
Ex: local mafia, terrorists

20
Q

Stakeholders who possess power, legitimacy, and urgency are known as?

A

Definitive Stakeholders
Manage closely
They demand the utmost attention and need to be attended to in a timely manner.
Ex: stockholders of a company

21
Q

Entities with no power, legitimacy or urgency are know as?

A

Non-stakeholders or Potential Stakeholders

22
Q

What are 4 Stakeholder Management Strategies?

A
  1. Manage closely
  2. Keep satisified
  3. Keep informed
  4. Monitor
23
Q

Which stakeholders should be managed closely according to the salience model?

A

Definitive stakholders (possess all three attributes)

24
Q

Which stakeholders should be kept satisified according to the salience model?

A

Dominant and Dangerous stakeholders

25
Q

Which stakeholders should be kept informed according to the salience model?

A

Dependent stakeholders

26
Q

Which stakeholders should be monitored according to the salience model?

A

Dormant, Discretionary, Demanding Stakeholders

27
Q

Limits of the salience mode?

A
  • Subjective - attitude toward the stakeholder may differ based on his/her culture and values
  • attributes are either present or absent - may possess various levels of each
  • other attributes may be influential that are not captured
28
Q

Power / Interest, Power / Influence and Impact / Influence are all?

A

Grid-based stakeholder models used for small projects or projects with simple stakeholder relationships.

29
Q

In 2D grids - what are the four general engagement protocols?

A
  1. Manage closely
  2. Keep Satisfied
  3. Educate
  4. Monitor
Power Interest Grid
30
Q

In a 2D model which stakeholders do you Manage Closely?

A

High Power, High Interest
Manage closely, collaborate, and involve in decision-making.

31
Q

In a 2D model which stakeholders do you Keep Satisfied?

A

High Power, Low Interest
Keep satisfied, inform proactively and address concerns

32
Q

In a 2D model which stakeholders do you Educate?

A

Low Power, High Interest
Educate, listen to feedback, and address anxieties

33
Q

In a 2D model which stakeholders do you Monitor?

A

Low Power, Low Interest
Monitor, provide basic updates, and communicate minimally

34
Q

What are the three dimensions of a Stakeholder Cube?

A
  1. Power
  2. Interest
  3. Attitude
35
Q

What are 4 directions of influence that stakeholders can be classified into?

A
  1. Upward
  2. Downward
  3. Outward
  4. Sideward
36
Q

Senior management, sponsor, and steering committee members are considered to have what direction of influence?

A

Upward

37
Q

Project team members and experts working on the project are considered to have what direction of influence?

A

Downward

38
Q

Suppliers, government agencies, regulators, public and end users are considered to have what direction of influence?

A

Outward

39
Q

Peers such as other project managers and functional managers are considered to have what direction of influence?

A

Sideward

40
Q

Prioritizing stakeholders may be necessary when?

3 points

A
  1. large number of stakeholders are involved
  2. stakeholders are changing rapidly
  3. relationship with stakeholders is complex

HJ - PMBOK 7th Edition (30 decks)

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